Suharto
English (EN)
Suharto (1921–2008) was the second President of Indonesia, ruling from 1966 until his resignation in 1998. He established the “New Order” regime, a period marked by rapid economic development, political stability, authoritarian governance, and widespread corruption.
| Detail | Information |
|---|---|
| Born | 8 June 1921, Yogyakarta |
| Died | 27 January 2008, Jakarta |
| Presidency | 1966–1998 |
| Preceded By | Sukarno |
| Succeeded By | B.J. Habibie |
| Regime | New Order (Orde Baru) |
Rise to Power
Suharto rose to power following the 30 September Movement in 1965. He successfully suppressed the movement and accused the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) of masterminding it. Over 1966–1967, he gradually wrested power from President Sukarno, who was forced to resign.
The New Order
Suharto’s “New Order” regime was characterized by:
- Economic growth: rapid industrialization and infrastructure development
- Foreign investment: openness to international capital
- Political stability: suppression of dissent and political opposition
- Authoritarianism: military dominance and restriction of civil liberties
- Corruption: systematic embezzlement by the Suharto family and associates
Fall from Power
In 1998, the Asian financial crisis exposed the weakness of Suharto’s regime. Widespread protests forced him to resign on 21 May 1998, ending 32 years of authoritarian rule.
Legacy
Suharto’s legacy is deeply contested:
- Supporters: credit him with economic development and political stability
- Critics: condemn his authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and corruption
Suharto’s resignation on 21 May 1998 marked the end of the New Order and paved the way for B.J. Habibie to assume the presidency. 苏哈托于1998年5月21日辞职，标志着新秩序的结束，并为**B.J. 哈比比**接任总统铺平了道路。 Pengunduran diri Suharto pada 21 Mei 1998 menandai berakhirnya Orde Baru dan membuka jalan bagi B.J. Habibie untuk menjabat sebagai presiden.
中文 (ZH)
苏哈托（1921–2008）是印度尼西亚第二任总统，自1966年统治至1998年辞职。他建立了**“新秩序”**政权，这个时期以快速的经济发展、政治稳定、威权治理和广泛腐败为特征。 苏哈托在1965年九三〇运动后崛起掌权。他的“新秩序”以经济发展、外国投资、政治稳定和威权统治为特征。1998年的亚洲金融危机暴露了他政权的弱点，大规模抗议迫使他于1998年5月21日辞职。
Bahasa Indonesia (ID)
Suharto (1921–2008) adalah Presiden kedua Indonesia, memerintah dari 1966 hingga pengunduran dirinya pada 1998. Ia mendirikan rezim “Orde Baru” , periode yang ditandai oleh pembangunan ekonomi yang pesat, stabilitas politik, pemerintahan otoriter, dan korupsi yang meluas. Suharto naik ke tampuk kekuasaan setelah Gerakan 30 September 1965. Rezim “Orde Baru” -nya ditandai oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi, investasi asing, stabilitas politik, dan otoritarianisme. Krisis keuangan Asia 1998 memaksanya mengundurkan diri pada 21 Mei 1998.
知识关联
历史与政治
- 30-september-movement · 九三〇运动
- sukarno · 苏加诺
人物
- pramoedya-ananta-toer · 普拉姆迪亚·阿南达·杜尔
哲学与暗线
- three-realms · 三界
- the-forth-realm · 第四界
- mana-curse · 灵力回缩诅咒
- 210-day-contract · 210天契约
索引导航
- figures-overview · 人物总览
- historical-overview · 历史总览
双链闭环结构图
suharto（苏哈托）
├── 30-september-movement（历史·掌权的契机）
├── sukarno（人物·被取代的总统）
├── pramoedya-ananta-toer（人物·异见者）
├── three-realms（暗线·三界）
├── the-forth-realm（暗线·第四界）
├── mana-curse（暗线·诅咒的体现）
└── 210-day-contract（暗线·压迫性周期）