Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia

English (EN)

The Indonesian National Awakening was a transformative period in the early 20th century when Indonesian intellectuals, students, and political activists began to articulate a shared national identity and demand independence from Dutch colonial rule. It marked the birth of Indonesian nationalism and laid the foundation for the independent nation.

Detail	Information
Start Date	1908 (Budi Utomo founded)
Key Event	Youth Pledge (1928)
Key Organization	Budi Utomo, Sarekat Islam, PNI
Key Leaders	Sukarno, Hatta, Sjahrir, Tjokroaminoto
End Date	1945 (Proclamation of Independence)
Outcome	Indonesian independence

Background

The Ethical Policy (1901) created schools that educated a new Indonesian elite. These educated Indonesians began to question colonial rule and articulate a vision of a unified Indonesia.

Key Organizations

Budi Utomo (1908): The first nationalist organization
Sarekat Islam (1911): Mass-based organization with Islamic roots
Indische Partij (1912): Advocated for political rights
PKI (1920): Indonesian Communist Party
PNI (1927): Indonesian National Party, led by Sukarno

The Youth Pledge (1928)

On 28 October 1928, young nationalists declared the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda): one nation (Indonesia), one language (Indonesian), one people (Indonesian). This pledge symbolized the birth of Indonesian nationalism.

Independence

The movement culminated in the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 by Sukarno and Hatta.

中文 (ZH)

印尼民族觉醒是20世纪初的变革时期，印尼知识分子、学生和政治活动家开始表达共同的民族认同并要求从荷兰殖民统治下独立。这标志着印尼民族主义的诞生，并为独立国家奠定了基础。关键事件包括1908年至善社的成立和1928年10月28日的青年誓言：一个民族（印度尼西亚）、一种语言（印尼语）、一个人民（印度尼西亚）。该运动以1945年8月17日苏加诺和哈达宣布独立而告终。

Bahasa Indonesia (ID)