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banda-massacre

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Banda Massacre

English (EN)

The Banda Massacre (1621) was a systematic campaign of mass killings, enslavement, and forced exile of the indigenous Bandanese population of the Banda Islands by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). It was ordered by VOC Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen to secure a complete monopoly over the global nutmeg trade.

Background: The Nutmeg Monopoly

In the early 17th century, the Banda Islands were the world’s only source of nutmeg and mace, spices that were worth more than gold in Europe. The VOC’s goal was to control the supply chain entirely, eliminating any independent Bandanese or European competitors. The VOC had previously signed treaties with the Bandanese, but the islanders refused to accept the company’s monopoly terms.

The Massacre

In 1621, Coen arrived with a fleet of warships and 2,000 soldiers. Over several weeks, VOC forces systematically destroyed Bandanese villages, executed village leaders, and killed or captured thousands of islanders. The total population of the Banda Islands at the time was estimated at around 15,000. After the massacre, fewer than 1,000 Bandanese remained.

Aftermath: Plantation Slavery

The survivors were either killed, enslaved, or exiled to other islands. The VOC then divided the Banda Islands into 68 plantation plots, each supervised by Dutch “masters” (perkeniers) and worked by imported slaves from other parts of Indonesia. This system generated enormous profits for the VOC for the next 150 years.

Historical Significance

The Banda Massacre is considered by modern historians as one of the first documented cases of genocide in the modern colonial era. It established the VOC’s reputation for extreme violence and set the precedent for Dutch colonial policy in the Indonesian archipelago. The event is also a key episode in the larger Spice Wars and Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands.

中文 (ZH)

班达大屠杀（1621年）是荷兰东印度公司（VOC）对班达群岛原住民班达人实施的大规模屠杀、奴役和强制流放的系统性行动。由VOC总督扬·彼得松·库恩下令，目的是确保对全球肉豆蔻贸易的完全垄断。

背景：肉豆蔻垄断

17世纪初，班达群岛是全球唯一的肉豆蔻和豆蔻皮产地，其价值在欧洲远超黄金。VOC的目标是完全控制供应链，消除所有独立的班达人及欧洲竞争对手。尽管VOC此前与班达人签署了条约，但岛民拒绝接受公司的垄断条款。

大屠杀过程

1621年，库恩率领一支由战船和2,000名士兵组成的舰队抵达。在数周内，VOC部队系统性地摧毁了班达人的村庄，处决部落首领，杀死或俘获了数千名岛民。当时班达群岛的总人口估计约为15,000人。大屠杀后，幸存的班达人不足1,000人。

后果：种植园奴隶制

幸存者或被杀害、被奴役，或被流放到其他岛屿。VOC随后将班达群岛划分为68个种植园地块，每个地块由荷兰”园主”监管，并从印尼其他地区输入奴隶劳作。这一制度在此后150年里为VOC带来了巨额利润。

历史意义

班达大屠杀被现代史学家认为是现代殖民时代有记载的首批种族灭绝案例之一。它确立了VOC极端暴力的名声，并为荷属印尼群岛殖民政策奠定了先例。这一事件也是香料战争和荷兰征服班达群岛的关键篇章。

Bahasa Indonesia (ID)

Pembantaian Banda (1621) adalah kampanye sistematis pembunuhan massal, perbudakan, dan pengasingan paksa penduduk asli Kepulauan Banda oleh VOC. Peristiwa ini diperintahkan oleh Gubernur Jenderal VOC Jan Pieterszoon Coen untuk mengamankan monopoli perdagangan pala global.

Latar Belakang: Monopoli Pala

Pada awal abad ke-17, Kepulauan Banda adalah satu-satunya sumber pala dan fuli di dunia. VOC bertujuan menguasai seluruh rantai pasok.

Pembantaian

Pada 1621, Coen tiba dengan armada perang dan 2.000 tentara. Populasi Kepulauan Banda saat itu diperkirakan sekitar 15.000 jiwa. Setelah pembantaian, tersisa kurang dari 1.000 orang Bandan.

Akibat: Perbudakan Perkebunan

VOC membagi Kepulauan Banda menjadi 68 plot perkebunan, diawasi oleh “tuan” Belanda (perkeniers) dan dikerjakan oleh budak impor.

Signifikansi Sejarah

Pembantaian Banda dianggap oleh sejarawan modern sebagai salah satu kasus genosida pertama yang terdokumentasi di era kolonial modern.

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