Aceh War
English (EN)
The Aceh War (1873–1904) was a prolonged and brutal conflict between the Dutch colonial empire and the Sultanate of Aceh in northern sumatra. It is considered the longest and bloodiest war in the history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia.
Background
The Dutch sought to control Aceh to secure their dominance over the spice trade and prevent foreign influence in the region, particularly from the British and French.
Resistance
Aceh was never fully conquered during the war. Dutch forces used scorched-earth tactics and committed numerous atrocities, but the Acehnese — often led by Islamic religious leaders — continued to resist fiercely for over three decades.
Key Figures
- Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da’ud Syah: The last sultan of Aceh, who led the resistance until his death in 1904.
- Tengku Abdul Jalil: A prominent Islamic scholar and military leader who mobilized Acehnese fighters in the name of jihad.
Legacy
The war ended with the death of the last sultan in 1904. Aceh maintained a distinct cultural identity and remained a hotbed of resistance against colonial rule. Aceh’s fierce independence persisted into the modern era.
中文 (ZH)
亚齐战争（1873-1904年）是荷兰殖民帝国与苏门答腊岛北部的亚齐苏丹国之间持续数十年的残酷战争，是荷属东印度历史上最漫长、代价最高的军事行动。
背景
荷兰试图控制亚齐，以确保其对香料贸易的垄断地位，并阻止英法等欧洲列强在该地区建立势力。
抵抗
亚齐在这场战争中从未被荷兰完全征服。荷兰军队采用了焦土战术，但亚齐人民在伊斯兰宗教领袖的领导下进行了长达数十年的游击战。
重要人物
- 苏丹阿拉乌丁·穆罕默德·达乌德·夏：亚齐最后一位苏丹，领导抵抗直至1904年去世。
遗产
亚齐战争后，该地区保持着独特的文化认同，并持续成为印尼反殖民抵抗的重要中心。亚齐的独立精神一直延续到现代，在印尼独立后仍存在长期的分离主义运动。
Bahasa Indonesia (ID)
Perang Aceh (1873–1904) adalah konflik panjang dan brutal antara kolonial Belanda dan Kesultanan Aceh di Sumatera Utara.