{"nodes": [{"id": "cultural-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Cultural Overview of the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉文化总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Budaya Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the cultures of the Indonesian archipelago — a mosaic of over 1,300 ethnic groups, 700 languages, and centuries of external influences, defined by diversity, adaptability, and deep-rooted social harmony.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛文化的全面总览——由超过1,300个族群、700种语言以及数个世纪的外部影响共同构成的文化马赛克，以多样性、适应性和根深蒂固的社会和谐为特征。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang budaya kepulauan Indonesia — mozaik dari lebih dari 1.300 kelompok etnis, 700 bahasa, dan pengaruh luar selama berabad-abad, yang didefinisikan oleh keragaman, kemampuan beradaptasi, dan harmoni sosial yang berakar dalam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 219, "tags": ["index", "culture", "overview", "nusantara", "arts", "cuisine", "ritual", "performing-arts"], "url": "./library/00_index/cultural-overview"}, {"id": "dashboard", "module": "00_index", "type": "", "name": {"en": "dashboard", "zh": "dashboard", "id": "dashboard"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": [], "url": "./library/00_index/dashboard"}, {"id": "geographical-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Geographical Overview of the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉地理总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Geografi Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the geography of the Indonesian archipelago — a landscape shaped by volcanic fire, oceanic currents, and the eternal dance between the visible and hidden realms.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛地理的全面总览——一片由火山之火、洋流以及可见与隐藏领域之间永恒舞蹈所塑造的土地。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang geografi kepulauan Indonesia — lanskap yang dibentuk oleh api vulkanik, arus laut, dan tarian abadi antara alam yang terlihat dan tersembunyi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 165, "tags": ["index", "geography", "overview", "nusantara", "volcanoes", "islands", "seas", "mountains"], "url": "./library/00_index/geographical-overview"}, {"id": "historical-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Historical Overview of the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉历史总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Sejarah Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the history of the Indonesian archipelago — from the rise of ancient maritime kingdoms to the struggle for independence and the challenges of the modern era, shaped by the rhythm of power and the spirit of resistance.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛历史的全面总览——从古代海上王国的崛起到独立斗争和现代时代的挑战，由权力的节奏和抵抗的精神所塑造。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang sejarah kepulauan Indonesia — dari kebangkitan kerajaan maritim kuno hingga perjuangan kemerdekaan dan tantangan era modern, dibentuk oleh irama kekuasaan dan semangat perlawanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 265, "tags": ["index", "history", "overview", "nusantara", "kingdoms", "colonial", "independence", "modern"], "url": "./library/00_index/historical-overview"}, {"id": "historical-structure", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "The Structure of Nusantara History", "zh": "努山塔拉历史的结构主线", "id": "Struktur Sejarah Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A recurring three-stage pattern in Nusantara history — unification by force, legitimation by religion, and collapse through institutional failure — and how storytellers can break it.", "zh": "努山塔拉历史中反复出现的三阶段模式——以武力统一、以宗教合法化、因制度失效而崩溃——以及创作者如何打破这一模式。", "id": "Pola tiga tahap yang berulang dalam sejarah Nusantara — penyatuan dengan kekuatan, legitimasi dengan agama, dan keruntuhan melalui kegagalan institusi — dan bagaimana pencerita dapat memecahkannya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 131, "tags": ["index", "history", "structure", "pattern", "narrative-engine", "dark-lines"], "url": "./library/00_index/historical-structure"}, {"id": "indonesian-culture-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Culture Overview", "zh": "印尼文化总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Budaya Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the cultures of the Indonesian archipelago — a mosaic of over 1,300 ethnic groups, 700 languages, and centuries of external influences, defined by diversity, adaptability, and deep-rooted social harmony.", "zh": "印尼群岛文化的全面总览——由超过1,300个族群、700种语言以及数个世纪的外部影响共同构成的文化马赛克，以多样性、适应性和根深蒂固的社会和谐为特征。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang budaya kepulauan Indonesia — mozaik dari lebih dari 1.300 kelompok etnis, 700 bahasa, dan pengaruh luar selama berabad-abad, yang didefinisikan oleh keragaman, kemampuan beradaptasi, dan harmoni sosial yang berakar dalam."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["index", "culture", "overview", "nusantara", "arts", "cuisine", "ritual", "performing-arts"], "url": "./library/00_index/indonesian-culture-overview"}, {"id": "indonesian-epic-heroes-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Overview of Indonesian Epic Heroes", "zh": "印尼英雄史诗总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Pahlawan Epik Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive map of Indonesia's classical epic heroes — from wayang warriors to maritime legends — with storytelling hooks and dark line interfaces.", "zh": "印尼古典英雄史诗的完整地图——从哇扬武士到海洋传奇——附故事钩子和暗线接口。", "id": "Peta komprehensif pahlawan epik klasik Indonesia — dari pendekar wayang hingga legenda maritim — dengan kait cerita dan antarmuka jalur gelap."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["index", "epic", "heroes", "wayang", "literature", "nusantara", "storytelling"], "url": "./library/00_index/indonesian-epic-heroes-overview"}, {"id": "mythology-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Mythology Overview of the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉神话总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Mitologi Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the mythology of the Indonesian archipelago — a living cosmology of gods, heroes, spirits, and monsters that shaped the worldview of the islands and continues to pulse beneath the surface of modern life.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛神话的全面总览——一个由神灵、英雄、精灵和怪物构成的活态宇宙观，塑造了群岛的世界观，并继续在现代生活的表面之下脉动。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang mitologi kepulauan Indonesia — kosmologi hidup dewa, pahlawan, roh, dan monster yang membentuk pandangan dunia kepulauan dan terus berdenyut di bawah permukaan kehidupan modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 70, "tags": ["index", "mythology", "overview", "nusantara", "deities", "heroes", "creatures", "folklore"], "url": "./library/00_index/mythology-overview"}, {"id": "scifi-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Sci-Fi & Fantasy Overview", "zh": "科幻与奇幻总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Fiksi Ilmiah & Fantasi"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the future visions of the Nusantara — from the Awakening to the Convergence, from orbital elevators to mana weapons, and the transformation of the archipelago into a spiritual-technological civilization.", "zh": "努山塔拉未来愿景的全面总览——从觉醒时代到归一时代，从轨道电梯到灵力武器，以及群岛向灵性-技术文明的转型。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang visi masa depan Nusantara — dari Kebangkitan hingga Konvergensi, dari lift orbital hingga senjata mana, dan transformasi Nusantara menjadi peradaban spiritual-teknologi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["index", "scifi", "fantasy", "future", "overview", "nusantara", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/00_index/scifi-overview"}, {"id": "timeline", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Timeline of Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉时间线", "id": "Garis Waktu Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A complete chronological journey through the Nusantara world — from cosmic creation to 2300 — with key events, dark line markers, and storytelling anchors.", "zh": "穿越努山塔拉世界的完整时间之旅——从宇宙创生到2300年——标注关键事件、暗线节点和故事锚点。", "id": "Perjalanan kronologis lengkap melalui dunia Nusantara — dari penciptaan kosmik hingga 2300 — dengan peristiwa kunci, penanda jalur gelap, dan jangkar penceritaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 34, "tags": ["index", "timeline", "history", "future", "nusantara", "dark-lines"], "url": "./library/00_index/timeline"}, {"id": "welcome", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Welcome to Nusantara Knowledge", "zh": "欢迎来到努山塔拉知识库", "id": "Selamat Datang di Pengetahuan Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The gateway to the structured knowledge of the Indonesian archipelago — mythology, history, geography, culture, worldview, and future visions.", "zh": "通往印尼群岛结构化知识的大门——神话、历史、地理、文化、世界观与未来想象。", "id": "Pintu gerbang menuju pengetahuan terstruktur tentang kepulauan Indonesia — mitologi, sejarah, geografi, budaya, pandangan dunia, dan visi masa depan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["index", "welcome", "nusantara", "knowledge-base", "gateway"], "url": "./library/00_index/welcome"}, {"id": "worldview-overview", "module": "00_index", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Worldview Overview", "zh": "世界观总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Pandangan Dunia"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive map of the Nusantara worldview — the cosmic order, the flow of spiritual energy, the races, and the forces that shape reality.", "zh": "努山塔拉世界观的完整地图——宇宙秩序、灵力的流动、种族以及塑造现实的力量。", "id": "Peta komprehensif pandangan dunia Nusantara — tatanan kosmik, aliran energi spiritual, bangsa, dan kekuatan yang membentuk realitas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 151, "tags": ["index", "worldview", "overview", "cosmology", "philosophy", "spirituality", "dark-lines"], "url": "./library/00_index/worldview-overview"}, {"id": "Greater Indonesia", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Greater Indonesia (Indonesia Raya / Melayu Raya)", "zh": "大印度尼西亚（大马来世界）", "id": "Indonesia Raya"}, "summary": {"en": "A political vision of a unified Malay homeland—imagining a single nation-state encompassing the Malayan Peninsula, the Indonesian archipelago, and the island of Borneo, a dream that inspired nationalists across the region and shaped the geopolitical landscape of Southeast Asia in the decades following World War II.", "zh": "一个统一马来家园的政治愿景——构想一个涵盖马来半岛、印度尼西亚群岛和婆罗洲岛的单一民族国家，这个梦想激励了该地区的民族主义者，并在二战后几十年里塑造了东南亚的地缘政治格局。", "id": "Visi politik tentang tanah air Melayu yang bersatu—membayangkan sebuah negara-bangsa tunggal yang mencakup Semenanjung Malaya, kepulauan Indonesia, dan pulau Kalimantan, mimpi yang menginspirasi nasionalis di seluruh wilayah dan membentuk lanskap geopolitik Asia Tenggara pada dekade-dekade setelah Perang Dunia II."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["concept", "history", "politics", "nationalism", "malay-world", "irredentism", "sukarno", "konfrontasi"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/Greater-Indonesia"}, {"id": "Indianization of Indonesia", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indianization of the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉的印度化", "id": "Indianisasi Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The profound cultural and political transformation of the archipelago through the absorption of Indian Hindu-Buddhist civilization—a process that brought writing, statecraft, epic literature, and a new cosmological order to the islands, reshaping the Nusantara forever.", "zh": "通过吸收印度印度教-佛教文明而实现的群岛深刻文化与政治转型——一个将文字、治国术、史诗文学和新的宇宙秩序带到这些岛屿的过程，永远地重塑了努山塔拉。", "id": "Transformasi budaya dan politik yang mendalam di Nusantara melalui penyerapan peradaban Hindu-Buddha India—proses yang membawa tulisan, kenegaraan, sastra epik, dan tatanan kosmik baru ke kepulauan, membentuk kembali Nusantara selamanya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["concept", "history", "religion", "hinduism", "buddhism", "syncretism", "indianization", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/Indianization-of-Indonesia"}, {"id": "aluk-todolo", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Aluk Todolo", "zh": "阿卢克·托多洛（托拉查祖先之道）", "id": "Aluk Todolo"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancestral religion and cosmic law of the Toraja people—a living system of belief that governs the relationship between the living, the dead, and the divine, where the universe is structured in layers, the ancestors are never truly gone, and every ritual is a negotiation between the worlds.", "zh": "托拉查人的祖先宗教与宇宙法则——一个活态的信仰体系，掌管着生者、死者与神之间的关系，在此宇宙分层而构，祖先从未真正离去，每一次仪式都是世界之间的谈判。", "id": "Agama leluhur dan hukum kosmik masyarakat Toraja—sistem kepercayaan hidup yang mengatur hubungan antara yang hidup, yang mati, dan yang ilahi, di mana alam semesta tersusun dalam lapisan, leluhur tidak pernah benar-benar pergi, dan setiap ritual adalah negosiasi antara dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["concept", "toraja", "religion", "cosmology", "ancestor-worship", "animism", "rambu-solo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/aluk-todolo"}, {"id": "bali-agama-tirtha", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Agama Tirtha", "zh": "圣水宗教", "id": "Agama Tirtha"}, "summary": {"en": "A distinctive form of Balinese Hinduism that emphasizes the sanctity, ritual use, and symbolic importance of water as a divine purifier—known as the \"religion of holy water,\" it is both a theological system and a ritual tradition deeply rooted in the Vedic concept of water as sacred and life-giving.", "zh": "巴厘印度教的一种独特形式，强调水作为神圣净化器的神圣性、仪式用途和象征意义——被称为“圣水宗教”，它既是一个神学体系，也是一个深深植根于吠陀“水为神圣与赋予生命”概念的仪式传统。", "id": "Bentuk unik dari Hindu Bali yang menekankan kesucian, penggunaan ritual, dan pentingnya simbolis air sebagai pemurni ilahi—dikenal sebagai \"agama air suci,\" ini adalah sistem teologis dan tradisi ritual yang berakar dalam konsep Veda tentang air sebagai sakral dan pemberi kehidupan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["concept", "religion", "bali", "hinduism", "water", "ritual", "purification", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"id": "bhakti", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Bhakti", "zh": "虔信", "id": "Bhakti"}, "summary": {"en": "A central concept in Hindu and Javanese-Balinese spiritual traditions—the path of devotion, love, and surrender to the divine, expressed through prayer, ritual, service, and the arts, which has shaped the religious life of Bali and Java for centuries, and which offers a spiritual counterforce to the fragmentation of the modern world.", "zh": "印度教和爪哇-巴厘精神传统中的一个核心概念——奉献、热爱和臣服于神的道路，通过祈祷、仪式、服务和艺术表达，几个世纪以来塑造了巴厘和爪哇的宗教生活，并为现代世界的碎片化提供了一种精神上的反制力量。", "id": "Sebuah konsep sentral dalam tradisi spiritual Hindu dan Jawa-Bali—jalan pengabdian, cinta, dan penyerahan diri kepada yang ilahi, yang diekspresikan melalui doa, ritual, pelayanan, dan seni, yang telah membentuk kehidupan religius Bali dan Jawa selama berabad-abad, dan yang menawarkan kekuatan penyeimbang spiritual terhadap fragmentasi dunia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["philosophy", "hindu", "spirituality", "devotion", "yoga", "javanese-culture", "balinese-culture", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/bhakti"}, {"id": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Buddhism in Indonesia", "zh": "佛教在印尼", "id": "Agama Buddha di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The history, spread, and influence of Buddhism in the Indonesian archipelago, from its introduction in the early centuries CE to its decline and lasting cultural legacy.", "zh": "佛教在印尼群岛的历史、传播与影响，从公元初年的传入到其衰落及其持久的文化遗产。", "id": "Sejarah, penyebaran, dan pengaruh agama Buddha di Nusantara, dari masuknya pada abad-abad awal Masehi hingga kemunduran dan warisan budayanya yang abadi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["concept", "buddhism", "religion", "history", "srivijaya", "borobudur", "sailendra", "sri-lanka"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/buddhism-in-indonesia"}, {"id": "canggal-inscription", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "artifact", "name": {"en": "Canggal Inscription", "zh": "昌加尔碑铭", "id": "Prasasti Canggal"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the oldest inscriptions in Indonesian history, dating to 732 CE—a stone pillar that records the establishment of a Shivaite temple by King Sanjaya of the Mataram Kingdom, marking the beginning of the Hindu-Buddhist period in Central Java and the rise of the Sanjaya dynasty that would build the Prambanan temple complex.", "zh": "印尼历史上最古老的碑铭之一，可追溯至公元732年——一根石柱，记录了马塔兰王国桑贾亚国王建立一座湿婆派寺庙的事迹，标志着中爪哇印度教-佛教时期的开始和将建造普兰巴南寺庙群的桑贾亚王朝的崛起。", "id": "Salah satu prasasti tertua dalam sejarah Indonesia, berasal dari tahun 732 M—sebuah tiang batu yang mencatat pendirian candi Siwa oleh Raja Sanjaya dari Kerajaan Mataram, menandai awal periode Hindu-Buddha di Jawa Tengah dan kebangkitan dinasti Sanjaya yang akan membangun kompleks candi Prambanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["artifact", "inscription", "hindu", "mataram", "sanjaya", "archaeology", "ancient", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/canggal-inscription"}, {"id": "hindu-buddhism", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Hinduism and Buddhism in the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉的印度教与佛教", "id": "Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the profound influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on the Nusantara archipelago—shaping its political structures, artistic traditions, literary heritage, and spiritual worldview for over a thousand years, from the 4th century to the arrival of Islam, leaving a legacy that endures to this day.", "zh": "印度教和佛教对努山塔拉群岛深远影响的全面总览——从4世纪到伊斯兰教的到来，一千多年来塑造了其政治结构、艺术传统、文学遗产和灵性世界观，留下了延续至今的遗产。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang pengaruh mendalam Hindu dan Buddha di Nusantara—membentuk struktur politik, tradisi seni, warisan sastra, dan pandangan dunia spiritualnya selama lebih dari seribu tahun, dari abad ke-4 hingga kedatangan Islam, meninggalkan warisan yang bertahan hingga hari ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["concept", "history", "religion", "hinduism", "buddhism", "syncretism", "culture", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/hindu-buddhism"}, {"id": "indianization-of-indonesia", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indianization of Indonesia", "zh": "印尼的印度化", "id": "Indianisasi Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The process of cultural, religious, and political influence from the Indian subcontinent on the Indonesian archipelago, spanning over 1,500 years, which shaped the foundation of Indonesian civilization.", "zh": "印度次大陆对印尼群岛长达1500多年的文化、宗教与政治影响过程，塑造了印尼文明的根基。", "id": "Proses pengaruh budaya, agama, dan politik dari anak benua India terhadap Nusantara yang berlangsung lebih dari 1.500 tahun."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["concept", "indianization", "hindu-buddhist", "history", "culture", "religion", "sanskrit"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/indianization-of-indonesia"}, {"id": "islamization-corridor", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Islamization Corridor", "zh": "伊斯兰传播走廊", "id": "Koridor Islamisasi"}, "summary": {"en": "The historical and spiritual pathway through which Islam entered and transformed the Nusantara archipelago—a process of trade, cultural exchange, and spiritual synthesis that began in the 13th century and reshaped the religious, political, and social landscape of the islands.", "zh": "伊斯兰教进入并改变努山塔拉群岛的历史与灵性路径——一场始于13世纪、通过贸易、文化交流和精神融合进行的过程，重塑了群岛的宗教、政治和社会面貌。", "id": "Jalur historis dan spiritual di mana Islam masuk dan mengubah Nusantara—proses perdagangan, pertukaran budaya, dan sintesis spiritual yang dimulai pada abad ke-13 dan membentuk kembali lanskap religius, politik, dan sosial kepulauan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 109, "tags": ["concept", "history", "islam", "trade", "syncretism", "nusantara", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/islamization-corridor"}, {"id": "maritime-southeast-asia", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Maritime Southeast Asia", "zh": "海洋东南亚", "id": "Asia Tenggara Maritim"}, "summary": {"en": "The maritime region of Southeast Asia — comprising the Malay Archipelago, the Indonesian islands, the Philippines, and the coastal regions of mainland Southeast Asia — a world defined not by land borders but by sea routes, trade winds, and the flow of people, goods, and ideas across the region's interconnected waters.", "zh": "东南亚的海洋区域——由马来群岛、印尼群岛、菲律宾及东南亚大陆沿海地区组成——一个不由陆地边界定义，而由海路、季风和人员、货物与思想在区域相互连通的水域中流动所定义的世界。", "id": "Kawasan maritim Asia Tenggara — terdiri dari Kepulauan Melayu, Kepulauan Indonesia, Filipina, dan wilayah pesisir daratan Asia Tenggara — sebuah dunia yang didefinisikan bukan oleh perbatasan darat, tetapi oleh jalur laut, angin musim, dan aliran orang, barang, dan ide melintasi perairan yang saling terhubung di kawasan ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["concept", "geography", "maritime", "southeast-asia", "trade", "history", "archipelago", "spice-route"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/maritime-southeast-asia"}, {"id": "nusantara", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉", "id": "Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The name of the archipelago itself — derived from the Old Javanese phrase \"nusa\" (island) and \"antara\" (between), meaning \"the islands between\" — a concept that has evolved from a maritime empire's political vision to a modern nation's cultural identity, encompassing the entire archipelago from Sumatra to Papua.", "zh": "群岛本身的名字——源自古爪哇语\"nusa\"（岛）和\"antara\"（之间），意为\"之间的岛屿\"——这个概念从一个海上帝国的政治愿景演变为现代民族国家的文化认同，涵盖了从苏门答腊到巴布亚的整个群岛。", "id": "Nama kepulauan itu sendiri — berasal dari frase Jawa Kuno \"nusa\" (pulau) dan \"antara\" (di antara), yang berarti \"kepulauan di antara\" — sebuah konsep yang telah berevolusi dari visi politik kerajaan maritim menjadi identitas budaya bangsa modern, mencakup seluruh kepulauan dari Sumatra hingga Papua."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 28, "tags": ["concept", "geography", "identity", "nationalism", "maritime", "majapahit", "archipelago", "malay-world"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/nusantara"}, {"id": "pancasila", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Pancasila", "zh": "潘查希拉", "id": "Pancasila"}, "summary": {"en": "The philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state—five principles that were not chosen by accident but forged in the crucible of revolution, representing the soul of the nation and the agreement that holds its diversity together.", "zh": "印尼国家的哲学根基——五个并非偶然选择而是在革命的熔炉中锻造的原则，代表着国家的灵魂和维系其多元性的契约。", "id": "Landasan filosofis negara Indonesia—lima prinsip yang tidak dipilih secara kebetulan tetapi ditempa dalam wadah revolusi, mewakili jiwa bangsa dan perjanjian yang menyatukan keragamannya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["concept", "philosophy", "state-ideology", "nationalism", "identity", "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/pancasila"}, {"id": "sufism", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Sufism in the Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉的苏菲主义", "id": "Tasawuf di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The mystical dimension of Islam that arrived in the archipelago not as a doctrine but as a living presence—a tradition of spiritual seekers who sought direct experience of the divine, whose teachings blended with local wisdom to create one of the most profound spiritual traditions of the Nusantara.", "zh": "伊斯兰教的神秘维度，它并非作为教义而是作为一种活态存在抵达群岛——一种寻求与神性直接体验的灵性求道者传统，其教义与地方智慧融合，创造了努山塔拉最深刻的灵性传统之一。", "id": "Dimensi mistis Islam yang tiba di Nusantara bukan sebagai doktrin tetapi sebagai kehadiran hidup—tradisi pencari spiritual yang mencari pengalaman langsung dengan yang ilahi, yang ajarannya menyatu dengan kearifan lokal untuk menciptakan salah satu tradisi spiritual paling mendalam di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["concept", "religion", "islam", "mysticism", "sufism", "spirituality", "wali-songo", "kejawen"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/sufism"}, {"id": "toraja-world-tree", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Toraja World Tree", "zh": "托拉查世界树", "id": "Pohon Dunia Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "The cosmic axis of Toraja cosmology—a sacred tree that connects the Upper Realm of the gods, the Middle Realm of humans, and the Lower Realm of the ancestors, embodied in the architecture of the Tongkonan house and the rituals of the Rambu Solo, a living symbol of the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.", "zh": "托拉查宇宙观的宇宙轴心——一棵连接神之上界、人之中界与祖先之下界的神圣之树，体现在通科南房屋的建筑与拉姆布·索洛仪式中，是生命、死亡与重生循环的活象征。", "id": "Poros kosmis kosmologi Toraja—pohon sakral yang menghubungkan Alam Atas para dewa, Alam Tengah manusia, dan Alam Bawah para leluhur, diwujudkan dalam arsitektur rumah Tongkonan dan ritual Rambu Solo, simbol hidup dari siklus kehidupan, kematian, dan kelahiran kembali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["concept", "toraja", "cosmology", "world-tree", "ritual", "tongkonan", "rambu-solo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/toraja-world-tree"}, {"id": "wallacea-biogeography", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Wallacea Biogeographical Region", "zh": "华莱士生物地理区", "id": "Wilayah Biogeografi Wallacea"}, "summary": {"en": "A transitional zone between the Asian and Australian continental shelves—a region of islands where the flora and fauna of two worlds meet, where evolution has followed its own course, and where the boundaries of the archipelago are defined not by politics but by the deep sea.", "zh": "亚洲与澳洲大陆架之间的过渡地带——一片两大世界的动植物在此相遇的岛屿区域，进化在此遵循着自己的轨迹，群岛的边界不由政治而由深海定义。", "id": "Zona transisi antara paparan benua Asia dan Australia—wilayah kepulauan di mana flora dan fauna dua dunia bertemu, di mana evolusi mengikuti jalurnya sendiri, dan di mana batas Nusantara tidak ditentukan oleh politik tetapi oleh laut dalam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["concept", "geography", "biology", "biodiversity", "evolution", "wallacea", "wallace-line", "natural-history"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/wallacea-biogeography"}, {"id": "yadnya", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Yadnya", "zh": "雅德尼亚（祭祀）", "id": "Yadnya"}, "summary": {"en": "A central concept in Balinese Hinduism — a sacrificial offering or ritual act performed with devotion, generosity, and a sense of gratitude, embodying the principle of giving back to the gods, the ancestors, and the community, and maintaining the balance of the universe.", "zh": "巴厘印度教中的一个核心概念——一种以虔诚、慷慨和感恩之心进行的祭祀供奉或仪式行为，体现了回馈神灵、祖先和社区以及维持宇宙平衡的原则。", "id": "Sebuah konsep sentral dalam Hindu Bali — sebuah persembahan kurban atau tindakan ritual yang dilakukan dengan pengabdian, kemurahan hati, dan rasa syukur, mewujudkan prinsip memberi kembali kepada para dewa, leluhur, dan masyarakat, serta menjaga keseimbangan alam semesta."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["religion", "hindu", "ritual", "sacrifice", "bali", "offering", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/yadnya"}, {"id": "yupa-inscriptions", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "artifact", "name": {"en": "Yupa Inscriptions", "zh": "Yupa碑铭", "id": "Prasasti Yupa"}, "summary": {"en": "A collection of seven stone pillars from the 4th–5th century CE, found in East Kalimantan, inscribed with Sanskrit in Pallava script — the oldest written records in Indonesian history, which document the genealogy and generosity of the Kutai kings, providing the earliest evidence of Hindu influence in the archipelago.", "zh": "公元4–5世纪的七根石柱，发现于东加里曼丹，以帕拉瓦文字刻写梵文——印尼历史上最古老的文字记录，记录了库泰国王的谱系和慷慨，提供了印度教在群岛影响的最早证据。", "id": "Sebuah koleksi tujuh tiang batu dari abad ke-4–5 M, ditemukan di Kalimantan Timur, ditulis dalam bahasa Sanskerta dengan aksara Pallawa — catatan tertulis tertua dalam sejarah Indonesia, yang mendokumentasikan silsilah dan kedermawanan raja-raja Kutai, memberikan bukti paling awal pengaruh Hindu di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["artifact", "inscription", "sanskrit", "pallava", "kutai", "hindu", "ancient", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/concepts/yupa-inscriptions"}, {"id": "210-day-contract", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "legend", "name": {"en": "The 210-Day Contract", "zh": "二百一十天契约", "id": "Kontrak 210 Hari"}, "summary": {"en": "A cosmic pact between the gods and the forces of the deep, resetting every 210 days in alignment with the Balinese Pawukon calendar. The contract's expiration triggers the volcanic and spiritual cycles of the archipelago.", "zh": "诸神与深渊力量之间的一份宇宙契约，每210天依据巴厘岛帕乌孔历法重置一次。契约的到期触发了群岛的火山与灵性周期。", "id": "Sebuah perjanjian kosmik antara para dewa dan kekuatan kedalaman, direset setiap 210 hari selaras dengan kalender Pawukon Bali. Berakhirnya kontrak memicu siklus vulkanik dan spiritual kepulauan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 647, "tags": ["legend", "cosmic-pact", "calendar", "volcano", "story-hook", "concept", "contract", "fiscal"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/210-day-contract"}, {"id": "antaboga", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Antaboga", "zh": "安塔博加", "id": "Antaboga"}, "summary": {"en": "The primordial cosmic serpent who existed before time itself, whose meditation in the void created the World Turtle Bedawang and the foundation of the three-realm order.", "zh": "在时间存在之前就存在的原初宇宙巨蛇，祂在虚空中的冥想创造了世界龟贝达旺和整个三界秩序。", "id": "Ular kosmik primordial yang telah ada sebelum waktu itu sendiri, yang meditasinya dalam kehampaan menciptakan Kura-kura Dunia Bedawang dan fondasi tatanan tiga alam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 22, "tags": ["deity", "primordial", "serpent", "creation", "cosmology", "antaboga", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/antaboga"}, {"id": "balinese-calendar", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Balinese Calendar System", "zh": "巴厘历法系统", "id": "Sistem Kalender Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "The intricate calendar system of Bali — a synthesis of the Saka lunar calendar and the indigenous Pawukon 210-day cycle, governing the rhythm of temple ceremonies, agricultural rituals, and cosmic alignments, and serving as the temporal framework for the 210-day contract.", "zh": "巴厘岛精密的历法系统——萨卡阴历与本土210天帕乌孔周期的融合，支配着寺庙仪式、农业仪式和宇宙调谐的节奏，并作为210天契约的时间框架。", "id": "Sistem kalender rumit Bali — sintesis kalender lunar Saka dan siklus Pawukon 210 hari asli, mengatur ritme upacara pura, ritual pertanian, dan keselarasan kosmik, serta berfungsi sebagai kerangka temporal untuk kontrak 210 hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["cosmology", "calendar", "balinese", "pawukon", "saka", "lunar", "ritual", "agriculture"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/balinese-calendar"}, {"id": "bedawang", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Bedawang", "zh": "贝达旺", "id": "Bedawang"}, "summary": {"en": "The World Turtle created by Antaboga's cosmic meditation, whose shell carries the entire Nusantara archipelago and all three realms upon its back.", "zh": "由安塔博加的宇宙冥想创造的世界龟，其龟壳承载着整个努山塔拉群岛和所有三界。", "id": "Kura-kura Dunia yang diciptakan oleh meditasi kosmik Antaboga, yang cangkangnya membawa seluruh kepulauan Nusantara dan ketiga alam di punggungnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["deity", "primordial", "turtle", "creation", "cosmology", "bedawang", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/bedawang"}, {"id": "cosmic-origin", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Cosmic Origin", "zh": "宇宙起源", "id": "Asal Mula Kosmos"}, "summary": {"en": "The creation myth of the Indonesian archipelago universe, where the cosmic serpent Antaboga gave birth to the world egg.", "zh": "印尼群岛宇宙的创世神话。在时间开始之前，宇宙巨蛇安塔博加在虚无中孕育了世界之卵，卵裂为三界，秩序由此诞生。", "id": "Mitos penciptaan alam semesta Nusantara, di mana ular kosmik Antaboga melahirkan telur dunia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["worldview", "creation", "mythology", "cosmic-serpent", "origin"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/cosmic-origin"}, {"id": "sang-hyang-tunggal", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Sang Hyang Tunggal", "zh": "至高无上的不可知之神", "id": "Sang Hyang Tunggal"}, "summary": {"en": "The supreme unknowable God in Balinese Hinduism, the \"Acintya\" — the unthinkable, formless source of all existence, who transcends all deities and concepts, worshipped in the empty throne of the Padmasana shrine.", "zh": "巴厘岛印度教中的至上不可知之神，“Acintya”即不可想象者——一切存在、一切神灵、一切概念皆源于祂的无形之源，在Padmasana神龛的空王座中被崇拜。", "id": "Tuhan tertinggi yang tidak dapat diketahui dalam agama Hindu Bali, \"Acintya\" — yang tidak dapat dipikirkan, sumber tak berbentuk dari semua keberadaan, yang melampaui semua dewa dan konsep, disembah dalam tahta kosong dari Padmasana."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 26, "tags": ["deity", "supreme", "acintya", "balinese-hinduism", "cosmology", "unknowable", "padmasana", "primordial"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/sang-hyang-tunggal"}, {"id": "the-forth-realm", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Forgotten Fourth Realm", "zh": "被遗忘的第四界", "id": "Alam Keempat yang Terlupakan"}, "summary": {"en": "A cosmic layer sealed by the gods beneath the Nusantara archipelago, lying between the human world and the underworld. Its existence has been systematically erased from official cosmology.", "zh": "被诸神封印在努山塔拉群岛之下的一个宇宙层面，位于人界与冥界之间。其存在已被正统宇宙观系统性地抹除。", "id": "Lapisan kosmik yang disegel oleh para dewa di bawah kepulauan Nusantara, terletak antara dunia manusia dan alam bawah. Keberadaannya telah dihapus secara sistematis dari kosmologi resmi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 631, "tags": ["cosmology", "mystery", "dark-secret", "forgotten-realm", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/the-forth-realm"}, {"id": "three-realms", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Three Realms", "zh": "三界", "id": "Tiga Alam"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational cosmic structure of the Nusantara universe — three interconnected layers comprising the Upper Realm of the gods, the Middle Realm of humans, and the Under Realm of spirits, bound together by the Cosmic Tree and the flow of spiritual energy.", "zh": "努山塔拉宇宙的基础结构——三个相互连接的层次，包括众神的上界、人类的中界和精灵的下界，由宇宙之树和灵力的流动捆绑在一起。", "id": "Struktur kosmik fundamental alam semesta Nusantara — tiga lapisan yang saling terhubung terdiri dari Alam Atas para dewa, Alam Tengah manusia, dan Alam Bawah roh, diikat bersama oleh Pohon Kosmik dan aliran energi spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 729, "tags": ["cosmology", "three-realms", "structure", "kahyangan", "bumi", "patala", "cosmic-tree", "javanese-mythology"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/three-realms"}, {"id": "time-cycles", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Time and Reincarnation", "zh": "时间与轮回", "id": "Waktu dan Reinkarnasi"}, "summary": {"en": "The cyclical nature of time in the Nusantara worldview, where souls are reborn across lifetimes and cosmic ages repeat.", "zh": "努山塔拉世界观中时间的循环本质——灵魂在无数世中不断转生，宇宙时代周而复始。每一次轮回都是灵魂净化的机会。", "id": "Sifat siklus waktu dalam pandangan dunia Nusantara, di mana jiwa dilahirkan kembali dan zaman kosmik berulang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["worldview", "cosmology", "reincarnation", "cycles", "karma", "time"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/time-cycles"}, {"id": "verdict-of-severance", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Verdict of Severance", "zh": "灵力回缩裁决", "id": "Verdik Pemutusan"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century decree that severed the hereditary basis of spiritual power, transforming spiritual authority from inherited right to transactional contract.", "zh": "14世纪的一项法令，切断了灵力的血统遗传基础，将灵性权威从继承权转变为交易性合约。", "id": "Dekrit abad ke-14 yang memutuskan basis herediter kekuatan spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 66, "tags": ["concept", "verdict", "political-economy", "spiritual-authority", "majapahit"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/cosmology/verdict-of-severance"}, {"id": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika", "zh": "存异求同", "id": "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika"}, "summary": {"en": "The national motto of Indonesia, meaning \"Unity in Diversity.\" Originating from the 14th-century Majapahit poem Sutasoma, it serves as the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian nation-state.", "zh": "印度尼西亚的国家格言，意为“存异求同”。源自14世纪满者伯夷的《苏多索马》诗篇，是印尼民族国家的哲学基石。", "id": "Semboyan nasional Indonesia, yang berarti \"Berbeda-beda tetapi tetap satu.\" Berasal dari puisi Sutasoma abad ke-14 dari Majapahit, ini menjadi fondasi filosofis negara-bangsa Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["concept", "philosophy", "national-motto", "unity", "diversity", "pancasila", "javanese", "kakawin"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/bhinneka-tunggal-ika"}, {"id": "hyang", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Hyang", "zh": "灵", "id": "Hyang"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous Javanese-Balinese concept of \"spirit\" or \"divine presence\" — an animistic force that pervades all of nature, predating the arrival of Hinduism and still active in the archipelago's spiritual landscape.", "zh": "爪哇-巴厘本土的“灵”或“神圣存在”概念——一种弥漫于整个自然的万物有灵力量，早于印度教的传入，至今仍在群岛的精神景观中活跃。", "id": "Konsep \"roh\" atau \"kehadiran ilahi\" asli Jawa-Bali — kekuatan animistik yang meresapi seluruh alam, mendahului kedatangan Hindu dan masih aktif dalam lanskap spiritual Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["philosophy", "animism", "spirit", "hyang", "javanese-philosophy", "balinese-philosophy", "indigenous", "nature-spirit"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/hyang"}, {"id": "javanese-calendar", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Javanese Calendar", "zh": "爪哇历法系统", "id": "Kalender Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional calendar system of Java — a complex fusion of the Saka (Hindu-Buddhist) and Islamic lunar calendars, organized around the 210-day Pawukon cycle and the 35-day Wetonan cycle, governing the rhythm of rituals, agriculture, and cosmic alignment.", "zh": "爪哇的传统历法系统——萨卡（印度教-佛教）和伊斯兰教历法的复杂融合，围绕210天帕乌孔周期和35天沃顿安周期组织，支配着仪式、农业和宇宙调谐的节奏。", "id": "Sistem kalender tradisional Jawa — perpaduan kompleks kalender Saka (Hindu-Buddha) dan kalender lunar Islam, diatur di sekitar siklus Pawukon 210 hari dan siklus Wetonan 35 hari, mengatur ritme ritual, pertanian, dan keselarasan kosmik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["cosmology", "calendar", "javanese", "saka", "pawukon", "wetonan", "ritual", "agriculture"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/javanese-calendar"}, {"id": "javanese-mysticism", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Javanese Mysticism", "zh": "爪哇神秘主义", "id": "Mistisisme Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The esoteric spiritual traditions of Java — a synthesis of animist, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic influences, centered on the pursuit of inner knowledge (kebatinan), the cultivation of spiritual power (kesaktian), and the alignment of the self with the cosmic order through meditation, asceticism, and ritual.", "zh": "爪哇的深奥精神传统——万物有灵、印度教-佛教和伊斯兰影响的综合，以追求内在知识（凯巴廷安）、培养灵性力量（克萨克蒂安）以及通过冥想、苦行和仪式使自我与宇宙秩序对齐为中心。", "id": "Tradisi spiritual esoteris Jawa — sintesis pengaruh animisme, Hindu-Buddha, dan Islam, berpusat pada pengejaran pengetahuan batin (kebatinan), pemupukan kekuatan spiritual (kesaktian), dan penyelarasan diri dengan tatanan kosmik melalui meditasi, tapa, dan ritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 30, "tags": ["philosophy", "mysticism", "javanese", "kebatinan", "kejawen", "spiritual", "meditation", "asceticism"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/javanese-mysticism"}, {"id": "path-of-ascension", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Path of Ascension", "zh": "修灵之路", "id": "Jalan Peningkatan Diri"}, "summary": {"en": "\"The structured system through which mortal beings — through discipline, devotion, or sacrifice — can transcend their human limitations and achieve a higher state of existence: becoming a sage, a spirit, a demigod, or a full deity.\"", "zh": "凡人通过自律、虔诚或牺牲超越人类局限，达到更高存在状态的完整体系——成为圣人、灵体、半神或完全的神灵。", "id": "Sistem terstruktur di mana makhluk fana — melalui disiplin, pengabdian, atau pengorbanan — dapat melampaui batas manusia dan mencapai keadaan keberadaan yang lebih tinggi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["philosophy", "ascension", "transcendence", "path-of-ascension", "javanese-philosophy", "balinese-philosophy", "spiritual", "hero"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/path-of-ascension"}, {"id": "rwa-bhineda", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Rwa Bhineda", "zh": "对立共存", "id": "Rwa Bhineda"}, "summary": {"en": "The Javanese-Balinese philosophical concept of dualistic complementarity — the recognition that opposing forces are not enemies but necessary counterparts, and that balance is achieved through their dynamic interaction.", "zh": "爪哇-巴厘哲学中的二元互补概念——认识到对立力量不是敌人而是必要的对应物，平衡通过它们的动态互动达成。", "id": "Konsep filosofis Jawa-Bali tentang komplementaritas dualistik — pengakuan bahwa kekuatan yang berlawanan bukanlah musuh tetapi pasangan yang diperlukan, dan keseimbangan dicapai melalui interaksi dinamis mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 72, "tags": ["philosophy", "duality", "balance", "rwa-bhineda", "javanese-philosophy", "balinese-philosophy", "harmony", "complementarity"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/rwa-bhineda"}, {"id": "sekala-niskala", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Sekala-Niskala", "zh": "可见与不可见世界", "id": "Sekala-Niskala"}, "summary": {"en": "The Balinese cosmological framework of two simultaneous realities — the visible world (sekala) and the invisible world (niskala) — which together constitute the full spectrum of existence.", "zh": "巴厘岛宇宙观中两种同时存在的现实框架——可见世界（sekala）与不可见世界（niskala）——共同构成了存在的完整光谱。", "id": "Kerangka kosmologis Bali tentang dua realitas yang hadir secara bersamaan — dunia yang terlihat (sekala) dan dunia yang tidak terlihat (niskala) — yang bersama-sama membentuk spektrum penuh keberadaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 97, "tags": ["philosophy", "cosmology", "sekala-niskala", "balinese-hinduism", "duality", "balance", "reality", "javanese-philosophy"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/sekala-niskala"}, {"id": "tri-hita-karana", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Tri Hita Karana", "zh": "三界平衡法则", "id": "Tri Hita Karana"}, "summary": {"en": "The cosmological principle that the three realms (Upper, Middle, Under) must remain in dynamic balance, and that disruption in any realm creates cascading consequences across all others, maintained through ritual, reciprocity, and cosmic law.", "zh": "三界（上界、中界、下界）必须保持动态平衡的宇宙法则，任何一界的破坏都会在所有其他界引发连锁后果，通过仪式、互惠和宇宙法则来维持。", "id": "Prinsip kosmologis bahwa tiga alam (Atas, Tengah, Bawah) harus tetap dalam keseimbangan dinamis, dan bahwa gangguan di alam mana pun menciptakan konsekuensi berjenjang di semua alam lainnya, dipelihara melalui ritual, timbal balik, dan hukum kosmik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 51, "tags": ["philosophy", "cosmology", "balance", "tri-hita-karana", "javanese-philosophy", "balinese-philosophy", "cosmic-order", "ritual"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/philosophy/tri-hita-karana"}, {"id": "mana-curse", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Mana Regression Curse", "zh": "灵力回缩诅咒", "id": "Kutukan Regresi Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A cosmic curse that has systematically reduced the spiritual power (mana) of humanity over the last millennium, creating a false narrative that \"the age of miracles is over.\"", "zh": "一个在过去一千年中系统性地削弱人类灵力（玛那）的宇宙诅咒，制造了“奇迹时代已经结束”的虚假叙事。", "id": "Kutukan kosmik yang secara sistematis telah mengurangi kekuatan spiritual (mana) umat manusia selama seribu tahun terakhir, menciptakan narasi palsu bahwa \"zaman keajaiban telah berakhir.\""}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 682, "tags": ["power-system", "curse", "conspiracy", "dark-secret", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/power-systems/mana-curse"}, {"id": "nature-force", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Force of Nature", "zh": "自然之力", "id": "Kekuatan Alam"}, "summary": {"en": "The elemental power that resides in mountains, oceans, volcanoes, and living things — the voice of the Earth itself.", "zh": "存在于山川、海洋、火山和万物之中的元素力量——大地本身的声音。自然之力是灵力最原始、最狂暴的形态。", "id": "Kekuatan elemental yang bersemayam di gunung, lautan, gunung berapi, dan makhluk hidup."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["power-system", "nature", "element", "primal", "earth-force"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/power-systems/nature-force"}, {"id": "shamanism", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Shamanism", "zh": "巫术与萨满", "id": "Perdukunan"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancient practice of communicating with spirits and ancestors, using rituals and trance to access hidden knowledge.", "zh": "与灵体和祖先沟通的古老实践，通过仪式和恍惚状态获取隐秘知识。萨满是中界与下界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Praktik kuno berkomunikasi dengan roh dan leluhur, menggunakan ritual dan trance untuk mengakses pengetahuan tersembunyi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["power-system", "shamanism", "ritual", "spirits", "trance", "ancestors"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/power-systems/shamanism"}, {"id": "spiritual-energy", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Spiritual Energy", "zh": "灵力（精神力）", "id": "Energi Spiritual"}, "summary": {"en": "The fundamental life force that flows through all things, enabling supernatural abilities and spiritual evolution.", "zh": "贯穿万物的根本生命力量，是一切超自然能力和精神进化的源泉。灵力源自上界，通过宇宙之树流向中界和下界。", "id": "Kekuatan hidup fundamental yang mengalir melalui semua makhluk, memungkinkan kemampuan supernatural dan evolusi spiritual."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["power-system", "spiritual-energy", "life-force", "supernatural", "evolution"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/power-systems/spiritual-energy"}, {"id": "deity-kind", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Deity Kind", "zh": "神族", "id": "Makhluk Dewa"}, "summary": {"en": "The divine beings of the Upper Realm, born from cosmic forces and dwelling in celestial palaces.", "zh": "上界的超凡存在，由宇宙力量直接诞生，居住在云端的神殿之中。神族是灵力最纯粹的化身。", "id": "Makhluk ilahi dari Alam Atas, lahir dari kekuatan kosmik dan bersemayam di istana surgawi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["race", "deity", "divine", "upper-realm", "cosmic", "immortal"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/races/deity-kind"}, {"id": "human", "module": "01_worldview", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Human", "zh": "人类", "id": "Manusia"}, "summary": {"en": "The mortal inhabitants of the Middle Realm, endowed with free will, ambition, and the capacity for both great virtue and great evil.", "zh": "中界的凡物居民，被赋予自由意志和野心，兼具伟大的善与深刻的恶。人类是唯一能打破轮回、向神性进化的种族。", "id": "Penduduk fana dari Alam Tengah, diberkahi dengan kehendak bebas, ambisi, dan kapasitas untuk kebaikan dan kejahatan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["race", "human", "mortal", "free-will", "middle-realm", "evolution"], "url": "./library/01_worldview/races/human"}, {"id": "babi-ngepet", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Babi Ngepet", "zh": "猪精", "id": "Babi Ngepet"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese spirit that takes the form of a wild boar — a creature born of black magic and greed, believed to bring wealth to its master in exchange for human blood.", "zh": "一种以野猪形态出现的爪哇精灵——诞生于黑魔法与贪婪的生物，被认为以人血为代价为其主人带来财富。", "id": "Roh Jawa yang berwujud babi hutan — makhluk yang lahir dari sihir hitam dan keserakahan, dipercaya membawa kekayaan bagi tuannya dengan imbalan darah manusia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "black-magic", "wealth"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/babi-ngepet"}, {"id": "banaspati", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Banaspati", "zh": "巴纳帕提（火精）", "id": "Banaspati"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese fire spirit — a swirling vortex of flame that appears in the night, often in forests or near volcanoes, believed to be a guardian of the hidden realm and a manifestation of the earth's fiery breath.", "zh": "爪哇火精——夜间出现的旋转火焰漩涡，常见于森林或火山附近，被认为是隐藏领域的守护者，是大地炽热气息的显化。", "id": "Roh api Jawa — pusaran api yang muncul di malam hari, sering di hutan atau dekat gunung berapi, diyakini sebagai penjaga alam gaib dan manifestasi dari nafas api bumi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "fire-spirit", "volcano", "dark-magic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/banaspati"}, {"id": "barong landung", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Barong Landung", "zh": "巴龙·兰东", "id": "Barong Landung"}, "summary": {"en": "The gentle giant of Balinese folklore — a towering, humanoid figure with a lion-like face and a long mane, the companion of the sacred Barong, who protects villages from evil spirits and brings fertility to the land.", "zh": "巴厘民间传说中的温和巨人——一个高大的人形生物，长着狮子般的面孔和长鬃毛，是神圣巴龙的同伴，保护村庄免受邪灵侵害，为土地带来丰饶。", "id": "Raksasa lembut dalam cerita rakyat Bali — sosok humanoid menjulang dengan wajah seperti singa dan surai panjang, pendamping Barong sakral, yang melindungi desa dari roh jahat dan membawa kesuburan bagi tanah."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "bali", "giant", "protector", "fertility", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/barong-landung"}, {"id": "barong-bali", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Barong", "zh": "巴龙", "id": "Barong"}, "summary": {"en": "The most sacred and iconic mythical creature in Balinese culture—a benevolent lion-like spirit who is the king of the good spirits and the eternal opponent of the witch Rangda, whose legendary dance-drama battle represents the cosmic struggle between good and evil, order and chaos, and the essential balance of the universe.", "zh": "巴厘文化中最神圣、最具标志性的神话生物——一头仁慈的狮形灵兽，是善灵之王，也是女巫让达的永恒对手，其传奇的舞蹈戏剧之战代表了善与恶、秩序与混沌之间的宇宙斗争，以及宇宙的基本平衡。", "id": "Makhluk mitos paling sakral dan ikonik dalam budaya Bali—seekor roh jinak berbentuk singa yang merupakan raja roh-roh baik dan lawan abadi dari penyihir Rangda, yang pertarungan sendratari legendarisnya mewakili perjuangan kosmik antara kebaikan dan kejahatan, ketertiban dan kekacauan, serta keseimbangan fundamental alam semesta."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["creature", "mythology", "bali", "barong", "rangda", "dance", "calon-arang", "good-vs-evil"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/barong-bali"}, {"id": "buto Ijo", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Buto Ijo", "zh": "布托·伊乔（绿巨人）", "id": "Buto Ijo"}, "summary": {"en": "A giant green ogre from Javanese folklore — a monstrous figure with sharp teeth and a fierce temper, known for its strength and appetite for human flesh, often appearing in wayang performances as a villain.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中的绿色巨型食人魔——一个长着尖牙、脾气暴躁的怪物形象，以其力量和食人习性闻名，常在哇扬表演中作为反派出现。", "id": "Raksasa hijau dari cerita rakyat Jawa — sosok monster dengan gigi tajam dan temperamen galak, dikenal dengan kekuatan dan nafsu makannya akan daging manusia, sering muncul dalam pertunjukan wayang sebagai penjahat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "giant", "wayang", "dark-magic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/buto-Ijo"}, {"id": "cindaku", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Cindaku", "zh": "金达库（虎人）", "id": "Cindaku"}, "summary": {"en": "A mythical tiger-human hybrid from Minangkabau folklore — a guardian spirit of the rainforest, known for its strength and ability to shapeshift, protecting the natural world from those who would harm it.", "zh": "米南加保民间传说中的虎人混合神兽——雨林的守护之灵，以其力量和变形能力著称，保护自然世界免受侵害。", "id": "Makhluk mitos harimau-manusia dari cerita rakyat Minangkabau — roh penjaga hutan hujan, dikenal dengan kekuatan dan kemampuannya untuk berubah bentuk, melindungi dunia alami dari mereka yang ingin merusaknya."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "sumatra", "minangkabau", "shapeshifter", "guardian"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/cindaku"}, {"id": "garuda", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Garuda", "zh": "迦楼罗（神鸟）", "id": "Garuda"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary bird-like creature found in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain mythology — the vahana (mount) of Lord Vishnu, known for his speed, martial prowess, and unwavering loyalty, and the national emblem of Indonesia.", "zh": "印度教、佛教和耆那教神话中地位无比尊崇的神鸟——毗湿奴的专属坐骑，以其速度、战斗力和忠诚著称，也是印度尼西亚的国徽。", "id": "Makhluk legendaris mirip burung yang ditemukan dalam mitologi Hindu, Buddha, dan Jain — wahana Dewa Wisnu, dikenal karena kecepatan, keberanian, dan kesetiaannya, serta lambang nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["creature", "garuda", "hindu-mythology", "national-emblem", "indonesia", "vahana", "wisnu"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/garuda"}, {"id": "genderuwo", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Genderuwo (Javanese Forest Spirit)", "zh": "根德鲁沃（爪哇森林精怪）", "id": "Genderuwo"}, "summary": {"en": "A large, hairy, ape-like forest spirit in Javanese folklore—known as a shapeshifter and trickster that dwells in bamboo groves, old trees, and abandoned places, often appearing to travelers and villagers to test their courage or warn them of impending danger.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中一种体型庞大、浑身长毛、类似猿猴的森林精怪——以变形能力和恶作剧闻名，栖息在竹林、老树和废弃之地，常出现在旅人和村民面前，考验他们的勇气或预示危险。", "id": "Roh hutan besar berbulu seperti kera dalam cerita rakyat Jawa—dikenal sebagai pengubah bentuk dan tukang usil yang tinggal di rumpun bambu, pohon tua, dan tempat terpencil, sering muncul di hadapan pelancong dan penduduk desa untuk menguji keberanian mereka atau memperingatkan bahaya yang akan datang."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["creature", "javanese", "folklore", "forest-spirit", "trickster", "shapeshifter", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/genderuwo"}, {"id": "gundul pringis", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Gundul Pringis", "zh": "秃头精怪", "id": "Gundul Pringis"}, "summary": {"en": "A trickster spirit from East Javanese folklore — a bald, grinning figure that haunts crossroads and village boundaries, testing the morality of travelers and punishing the dishonest.", "zh": "东爪哇民间传说中的捣蛋精——一个秃头咧嘴的人形，出没于路口和村庄边界，测试旅人的道德，惩罚不诚实者。", "id": "Roh pengganggu dari cerita rakyat Jawa Timur — sosok botak menyeringai yang menghantui persimpangan jalan dan batas desa, menguji moralitas pelancong dan menghukum yang tidak jujur."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "trickster", "boundary-spirit"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/gundul-pringis"}, {"id": "hanuman", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Hanuman", "zh": "哈奴曼", "id": "Hanuman"}, "summary": {"en": "The white monkey god of the Ramayana, a devotee of Rama who embodies loyalty, strength, and wisdom, whose presence in the Nusantara archipelago predates the arrival of Hinduism and connects to the region's oldest animist traditions.", "zh": "《罗摩衍那》中的白色猴神，罗摩的虔诚信徒，体现忠诚、力量与智慧，其在努山塔拉群岛的存在早于印度教的传入，与区域最古老的万物有灵传统相连。", "id": "Dewa monyet putih dari Ramayana, pemuja Rama yang melambangkan kesetiaan, kekuatan, dan kebijaksanaan, yang kehadirannya di Nusantara mendahului kedatangan Hindu dan terhubung dengan tradisi animisme tertua di wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["creature", "monkey-god", "ramayana", "hanuman", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology", "wayang", "devotee"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/hanuman"}, {"id": "jaran Guyang", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Jaran Guyang", "zh": "贾兰·古扬（马精）", "id": "Jaran Guyang"}, "summary": {"en": "A horse spirit from Javanese folklore — a mystical equine creature that appears as a wild stallion, believed to be a guardian of the forest and a messenger of the spirit world.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中的马精——一种以野马形态出现的神秘生物，被认为是森林的守护者，也是精灵世界的信使。", "id": "Roh kuda dari cerita rakyat Jawa — makhluk kuda mistis yang muncul sebagai kuda liar, diyakini sebagai penjaga hutan dan utusan dunia roh."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "horse", "forest-spirit", "guardian"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/jaran-Guyang"}, {"id": "jenglot", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Jenglot", "zh": "贞洛特", "id": "Jenglot"}, "summary": {"en": "A small, mummified creature in Javanese and Balinese folklore — a talisman said to bring its owner wealth and power, often depicted as a tiny, humanoid figure with a voracious appetite for blood and the ability to speak prophetic truths.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘民间传说中一种小型木乃伊生物——据说能给主人带来财富和力量的护身符，常被描绘为一个小型人形生物，对血液有着贪婪的嗜好，并能够说出预言性的真相。", "id": "Makhluk kecil yang diawetkan dalam cerita rakyat Jawa dan Bali — jimat yang dikatakan membawa kekayaan dan kekuasaan bagi pemiliknya, sering digambarkan sebagai sosok humanoid kecil dengan nafsu makan darah yang rakus dan kemampuan untuk berbicara kebenaran kenabian."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "bali", "talisman", "blood", "prophecy", "dark-magic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/jenglot"}, {"id": "kemamang", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Kemamang", "zh": "金芒", "id": "Kemamang"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sumatran spirit that preys on infants — a flying head that can shapeshift into the form of a pregnant woman, lurking in the night and feeding on the life force of the vulnerable.", "zh": "一种以婴儿为猎物的苏门答腊精灵——一个飞行的人头，可以变形为孕妇的形象，潜伏在夜间，以弱者的生命力为食。", "id": "Roh Sumatra yang memangsa bayi — kepala terbang yang dapat berubah bentuk menjadi wanita hamil, mengintai di malam hari dan memakan kekuatan hidup yang rentan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "sumatra", "shapeshifter", "infant-predator"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/kemamang"}, {"id": "kera sakti", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Kera Sakti", "zh": "克拉·萨克蒂（灵猴）", "id": "Kera Sakti"}, "summary": {"en": "A mystical monkey spirit from Javanese folklore — a sacred primate believed to possess supernatural powers, often associated with forest guardianship and the transmission of ancestral wisdom.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中的神秘猴灵——一种被认为拥有超自然力量的神圣灵长类动物，常与森林守护和祖先智慧传承有关。", "id": "Roh monyet mistis dari cerita rakyat Jawa — primata sakral yang diyakini memiliki kekuatan gaib, sering dikaitkan dengan penjagaan hutan dan transmisi kebijaksanaan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "monkey", "forest-spirit", "guardian", "sacred"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/kera-sakti"}, {"id": "kodok", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Kodok", "zh": "科多克（水精）", "id": "Kodok"}, "summary": {"en": "A water spirit from the folklore of Sulawesi — a guardian of lakes, rivers, and springs, often appearing as a giant frog or humanoid amphibian, who punishes those who pollute the waters and rewards those who honor the source of life.", "zh": "苏拉威西民间传说中的水精灵——湖泊、河流和泉水的守护者，常以巨蛙或人形两栖动物的形象出现，惩罚污染水源者，奖赏尊敬生命之源者。", "id": "Roh air dari cerita rakyat Sulawesi — penjaga danau, sungai, dan mata air, sering muncul sebagai katak raksasa atau amfibi humanoid, yang menghukum mereka yang mencemari air dan memberi hadiah kepada mereka yang menghormati sumber kehidupan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "sulawesi", "water-spirit", "frog", "guardian", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/kodok"}, {"id": "kuntilanak", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Kuntilanak", "zh": "昆蒂拉纳克（亡灵女鬼）", "id": "Kuntilanak"}, "summary": {"en": "A female vampire-like ghost in Southeast Asian folklore — the spirit of a woman who died in childbirth, often depicted as a pale figure in white, whose piercing laughter and eerie presence haunt the edges of human settlements.", "zh": "东南亚民间传说中一种女性吸血鬼般的幽灵——死于分娩的女人的灵魂，常被描绘为穿着白衣的苍白身影，其刺耳的笑声和诡异的存在萦绕在人类聚落的边缘。", "id": "Hantu wanita mirip vampir dalam cerita rakyat Asia Tenggara — roh wanita yang meninggal saat melahirkan, sering digambarkan sebagai sosok pucat berbaju putih, yang tawanya menusuk dan kehadirannya yang menyeramkan menghantui tepi pemukiman manusia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "ghost", "vampire", "southeast-asia", "java", "kalimantan", "sumatra"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/kuntilanak"}, {"id": "kuyang", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Kuyang", "zh": "古扬（飞头鬼）", "id": "Kuyang"}, "summary": {"en": "A terrifying spirit from Dayak folklore — a flying head with its internal organs trailing behind, a creature of dark magic that preys on the blood of infants and pregnant women, a guardian of forbidden knowledge.", "zh": "达雅克民间传说中可怕的精灵——一个飞行的人头，内脏拖在身后，一种以婴儿和孕妇之血为食的黑暗魔法生物，禁忌知识的守护者。", "id": "Roh menakutkan dari cerita rakyat Dayak — kepala terbang dengan organ dalamnya menjuntai di belakang, makhluk sihir hitam yang memangsa darah bayi dan wanita hamil, penjaga pengetahuan terlarang."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "dayak", "kalimantan", "dark-magic", "flying-head", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/kuyang"}, {"id": "larung session", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Larung Ritual", "zh": "拉隆仪式（巴厘驱邪仪轨）", "id": "Ritual Larung"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese ritual of spiritual cleansing — the practice of setting adrift offerings and sacred objects on the water to carry away negative energies, evil spirits, and the accumulated impurities of the community.", "zh": "一种巴厘灵性净化仪式——将祭品和圣物放置在水中漂流，以带走负能量、邪灵和社区积累的不洁之物的做法。", "id": "Ritual pemurnian spiritual Bali — praktik menghanyutkan sesajen dan benda sakral ke air untuk membawa pergi energi negatif, roh jahat, dan ketidakmurnian yang terakumulasi dari komunitas."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["ritual", "bali", "purification", "offerings", "spiritual-cleansing"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/larung-session"}, {"id": "leak balinese", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Leak", "zh": "巴厘莱亚克", "id": "Leak Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese witch-spirit of black magic — a flying head with trailing internal organs, the nocturnal antagonist of the sacred Barong, embodying the dark arts and the eternal struggle between good and evil.", "zh": "一种巴厘黑魔法女巫灵——一个飞行的人头，内脏拖曳其后，神圣巴龙的夜间对手，体现了黑魔法与善恶之间的永恒斗争。", "id": "Roh penyihir hitam Bali — kepala terbang dengan organ dalam yang menjuntai, antagonis malam Barong sakral, mewujudkan seni gelap dan perjuangan abadi antara baik dan jahat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "bali", "witch", "black-magic", "flying-head"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/leak-balinese"}, {"id": "leak-balinese", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Leak (Balinese Black Magic Sorcerer)", "zh": "勒阿克（巴厘黑魔法巫师）", "id": "Leak"}, "summary": {"en": "A fearsome figure in Balinese mythology—a human practitioner of black magic who transforms at night into a terrifying creature, often depicted as a flying head with trailing internal organs, representing the dark forces of chaos that must be balanced by the forces of good.", "zh": "巴厘岛神话中一个令人恐惧的形象——黑魔法的修习者，夜间化身为可怕的生物，常被描绘为拖着内脏飞行的头颅，代表必须由善的力量来平衡的黑暗混沌力量。", "id": "Sosok menakutkan dalam mitologi Bali—praktisi ilmu hitam yang berubah di malam hari menjadi makhluk mengerikan, sering digambarkan sebagai kepala terbang dengan organ dalam yang menjuntai, mewakili kekuatan gelap kekacauan yang harus diseimbangkan oleh kekuatan kebaikan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["creature", "bali", "black-magic", "mythology", "rangda", "calon-arang", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/leak-balinese"}, {"id": "leak", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Leak", "zh": "莱亚克（飞头巫术化身）", "id": "Leak"}, "summary": {"en": "A type of demonic witch in Balinese folklore who flies with her entrails hanging out, practicing black magic (pengiwa) to harm enemies.", "zh": "巴厘岛民间传说中恐怖的飞头巫婆，通常以内脏外露、头部脱离躯干飞行的形象出现。莱亚克是黑魔法（Pengiwa）的终极产物，象征着人性中为了仇恨而不惜反噬自身的恶念。", "id": "Sejenis penyihir setan dalam cerita rakyat Bali yang terbang dengan jeroannya bergelantungan, melakukan sihir hitam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "witch", "black-magic", "balinese", "folklore", "flying-head"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/leak"}, {"id": "muhammad natsir", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Muhammad Natsir", "zh": "穆罕默德·纳西尔", "id": "Muhammad Natsir"}, "summary": {"en": "An Islamic scholar and politician — a leader of the Masyumi Party and the fifth Prime Minister of Indonesia, who championed the role of Islam in the modern Indonesian state.", "zh": "一位伊斯兰学者和政治家——马斯尤美党领袖和印度尼西亚第五任总理，倡导伊斯兰在现代印尼国家中的角色。", "id": "Ulama dan politisi — pemimpin Partai Masyumi dan Perdana Menteri Indonesia kelima, yang memperjuangkan peran Islam dalam negara Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "islamic", "prime-minister", "masyumi", "independence"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/muhammad-natsir"}, {"id": "mythological-creatures", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Mythological Creatures of Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉神话生物总览", "id": "Makhluk Mitologi Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary creatures of the Nusantara archipelago — from the cosmic serpent Antaboga and the protective lion Barong to the demonic Rangda and the shape-shifting Leyak — each a manifestation of the hidden forces that shape the balance between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传奇生物——从宇宙巨蛇安塔博加和保护神巴龙到恶魔朗达和变形莱亚克——每一种都是塑造可见与不可见世界之间平衡的隐藏力量的显现。", "id": "Makhluk legendaris kepulauan Nusantara — dari ular kosmik Antaboga dan singa pelindung Barong hingga Rangda yang jahat dan Leyak yang berubah bentuk — masing-masing manifestasi dari kekuatan tersembunyi yang membentuk keseimbangan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["mythology", "creatures", "naga", "barong", "rangda", "leyak", "garuda", "javanese"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/mythological-creatures"}, {"id": "naga banda", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Naga Banda", "zh": "班达纳加（海蛇之灵）", "id": "Naga Banda"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary sea serpent from the folklore of the Banda Islands — a guardian spirit of the deep waters and the nutmeg trade, believed to protect the islands from intruders.", "zh": "班达群岛民间传说中的海蛇之灵——深水水域和肉豆蔻贸易的守护之灵，据信保护岛屿免受入侵者的侵害。", "id": "Ular laut legendaris dari cerita rakyat Kepulauan Banda — roh penjaga perairan dalam dan perdagangan pala, diyakini melindungi pulau-pulau dari penyusup."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "maluku", "banda-islands", "sea-serpent", "guardian"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/naga-banda"}, {"id": "naga", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Naga", "zh": "纳加（蛇神）", "id": "Naga"}, "summary": {"en": "Serpentine deities found in Hindu, Buddhist, and Javanese mythology — powerful, cobra-like beings who dwell in the underworld and rule over rivers, lakes, and oceans.", "zh": "印度教、佛教及爪哇神话中地位尊崇的蛇形神灵——拥有多个头颅的巨型眼镜蛇，居住在地下世界，掌管河流、湖泊和海洋。", "id": "Dewa berbentuk ular dalam mitologi Hindu, Buddha, dan Jawa — makhluk perkasa seperti ular kobra yang tinggal di dunia bawah dan menguasai sungai, danau, dan lautan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["creature", "naga", "hindu-mythology", "buddhist-mythology", "javanese-mythology", "serpent", "underworld", "water-spirit"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/naga"}, {"id": "nias megalith spirit", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Nias Megalith Spirit", "zh": "尼亚斯巨石灵", "id": "Roh Megalit Nias"}, "summary": {"en": "A spirit from the folklore of Nias Island — a guardian of the ancient megaliths that dot the landscape, a protector of the ancestors, and a reminder of the power of the hidden realm that lies beneath the visible world.", "zh": "尼亚斯岛民间传说中的精灵——点缀地景的古老巨石的守护者，祖先的保护者，以及隐藏领域力量的提醒者。", "id": "Roh dari cerita rakyat Pulau Nias — penjaga megalit kuno yang menghiasi lanskap, pelindung leluhur, dan pengingat kekuatan alam gaib yang terletak di bawah dunia yang terlihat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "nias", "sumatra", "megalith", "ancestor-spirit", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/nias-megalith-spirit"}, {"id": "palasik", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Palasik", "zh": "帕拉西克（巴厘吸血女鬼）", "id": "Palasik"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese spirit of black magic — a creature of the night that preys on the blood of infants and pregnant women, often appearing as a floating head with trailing internal organs, a servant of dark forces.", "zh": "一种巴厘黑魔法之灵——一种夜间生物，以婴儿和孕妇之血为食，常以漂浮的人头形态出现，内脏拖曳其后，是黑暗势力的仆人。", "id": "Roh sihir hitam Bali — makhluk malam yang memangsa darah bayi dan wanita hamil, sering muncul sebagai kepala melayang dengan organ dalam yang menjuntai, pelayan kekuatan gelap."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "bali", "black-magic", "flying-head", "dark-forces"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/palasik"}, {"id": "pelesit", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Pelesit", "zh": "佩勒西特（草精）", "id": "Pelesit"}, "summary": {"en": "A grass spirit from Malay and Sumatran folklore — a small, cricket-like creature that serves as a familiar to shamans, used to deliver curses or to spy on enemies, and a guardian of the hidden knowledge of the forest.", "zh": "马来和苏门答腊民间传说中的草精——一种小型蟋蟀状生物，作为萨满的使魔，用于传递诅咒或监视敌人，是森林隐藏知识的守护者。", "id": "Roh rumput dari cerita rakyat Melayu dan Sumatra — makhluk kecil seperti jangkrik yang berfungsi sebagai familiar bagi dukun, digunakan untuk mengirim kutukan atau memata-matai musuh, dan penjaga pengetahuan tersembunyi hutan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "malay", "sumatra", "shaman", "familiar", "dark-magic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/pelesit"}, {"id": "pocong", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Pocong", "zh": "波聪（裹尸布鬼）", "id": "Pocong"}, "summary": {"en": "A ubiquitous ghost of Indonesian folklore — the spirit of the dead wrapped in a white shroud, bound at the head and feet, who hops along the ground and haunts the living until their soul is released from the earth.", "zh": "印尼民间传说中无处不在的幽灵——包裹在白色裹尸布中的死者之灵，头脚被捆绑，在地面跳跃着游荡，缠扰生者直到其灵魂从大地中释放。", "id": "Hantu yang ada di mana-mana dalam cerita rakyat Indonesia — roh orang mati yang terbungkus kain kafan putih, diikat di kepala dan kaki, yang melompat-lompat di tanah dan menghantui yang hidup sampai jiwanya dilepaskan dari bumi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "ghost", "java", "sumatra", "kalimantan", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/pocong"}, {"id": "raden-kartini", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Raden Adjeng Kartini", "zh": "拉登·阿贞·卡尔蒂尼", "id": "Raden Ajeng Kartini"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneer of women's education and rights in Indonesia — an aristocratic Javanese woman whose letters on gender equality and colonial critique became a beacon of the early nationalist movement.", "zh": "印尼妇女教育和权利的先驱——一位爪哇贵族女性，其关于性别平等和殖民批判的书信成为早期民族主义运动的灯塔。", "id": "Pelopor pendidikan dan hak-hak perempuan di Indonesia — wanita bangsawan Jawa yang surat-suratnya tentang kesetaraan gender dan kritik kolonial menjadi mercusuar gerakan nasionalis awal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "women", "education", "feminism", "anti-colonial", "javanese"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/raden-kartini"}, {"id": "sangkian", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Sangkian", "zh": "桑基安（西爪哇河灵）", "id": "Sangkian"}, "summary": {"en": "A river spirit from West Javanese folklore — a guardian of the rivers and springs, often appearing as a beautiful woman or a dragon-like serpent, who protects the water sources and punishes those who pollute them.", "zh": "西爪哇民间传说中的河灵——河流和泉水的守护者，常以美女或龙形蛇的形态出现，保护水源，惩罚污染者。", "id": "Roh sungai dari cerita rakyat Jawa Barat — penjaga sungai dan mata air, sering muncul sebagai wanita cantik atau ular seperti naga, yang melindungi sumber air dan menghukum mereka yang mencemarinya."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "sunda", "west-java", "water-spirit", "guardian"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/sangkian"}, {"id": "silewe nazarata", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Silewe Nazarata", "zh": "夜枭灵", "id": "Silewe Nazarata"}, "summary": {"en": "A forest spirit of the Nias people — a bat-like guardian that protects the sacred forests, carrying the souls of the ancestors and punishing those who desecrate the land.", "zh": "尼亚斯人的森林之灵——一个蝙蝠状的守护者，保护神圣森林，承载祖先的灵魂，惩罚亵渎土地的人。", "id": "Roh hutan masyarakat Nias — penjaga seperti kelelawar yang melindungi hutan sakral, membawa jiwa leluhur dan menghukum mereka yang menodai tanah."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "nias", "sumatra", "forest-spirit", "guardian"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/silewe-nazarata"}, {"id": "sister naga", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Sister Naga", "zh": "蛇精姐妹", "id": "Naga Bersaudara"}, "summary": {"en": "A pair of serpent spirits from the folklore of Maluku — guardian sisters who protect the islands and the spice routes, embodying the dual forces of creation and destruction, fertility and danger.", "zh": "马鲁古民间传说中一对蛇精姐妹——守护岛屿和香料之路的姐妹，体现了创造与毁灭、丰饶与危险的双重力量。", "id": "Sepasang roh ular dari cerita rakyat Maluku — saudara perempuan penjaga yang melindungi pulau-pulau dan jalur rempah, mewujudkan kekuatan ganda penciptaan dan kehancuran, kesuburan dan bahaya."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "maluku", "naga", "serpent", "guardian", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/sister-naga"}, {"id": "sundel bolong", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Sundel Bolong", "zh": "孙德尔·博隆（背洞女鬼）", "id": "Sundel Bolong"}, "summary": {"en": "A female ghost from Sundanese and Betawi folklore — the spirit of a woman who died in childbirth, with a large, gaping hole in her back through which her internal organs are visible, haunting the streets of Jakarta and the forests of West Java.", "zh": "巽他和巴达维民间传说中的女性幽灵——一个死于分娩的女人的灵魂，背上有一个巨大的空洞，可以看到她的内脏，出没于雅加达的街头和西爪哇的森林。", "id": "Hantu wanita dari cerita rakyat Sunda dan Betawi — roh wanita yang meninggal saat melahirkan, dengan lubang besar di punggungnya yang memperlihatkan organ dalamnya, menghantui jalanan Jakarta dan hutan Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "sundanese", "betawi", "ghost", "jakarta", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/sundel-bolong"}, {"id": "sutan sjahrir", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sutan Sjahrir", "zh": "苏丹·夏赫里尔", "id": "Sutan Sjahrir"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Prime Minister of Indonesia — a moderate socialist intellectual who shaped the early diplomatic strategies of the Republic and led the fight for international recognition.", "zh": "印度尼西亚首任总理——一位温和的社会主义知识分子，塑造了共和国早期的外交策略，并领导了争取国际承认的斗争。", "id": "Perdana Menteri pertama Indonesia — intelektual sosialis moderat yang membentuk strategi diplomatik awal Republik dan memimpin perjuangan untuk pengakuan internasional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "prime-minister", "socialist", "diplomacy", "independence"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/sutan-sjahrir"}, {"id": "tan malaka", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tan Malaka", "zh": "坦·马六甲", "id": "Tan Malaka"}, "summary": {"en": "A left-wing revolutionary thinker and activist — a figure of immense influence in the Indonesian independence movement, whose writings on national liberation and anti-colonialism remain foundational.", "zh": "一位左翼革命思想家与活动家——在印尼独立运动中影响深远的人物，其关于民族解放和反殖民主义的著作至今仍是基石。", "id": "Pemikir revolusioner sayap kiri dan aktivis — tokoh pengaruh besar dalam gerakan kemerdekaan Indonesia, yang tulisan-tulisannya tentang pembebasan nasional dan anti-kolonialisme tetap menjadi fondasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "left-wing", "revolutionary", "independence", "anti-colonial"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/tan-malaka"}, {"id": "tumbal-ponorogo", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Tumbal Ponorogo", "zh": "波诺罗戈人偶", "id": "Tumbal Ponorogo"}, "summary": {"en": "A talismanic doll from Ponorogo, East Java — a small humanoid figure believed to be a vessel for vengeful spirits, used in rituals of protection and retribution.", "zh": "东爪哇波诺罗戈的护身人偶——一种小型人形雕像，被认为是复仇之灵的容器，用于保护和报复仪式。", "id": "Boneka jimat dari Ponorogo, Jawa Timur — patung humanoid kecil yang diyakini sebagai wadah bagi roh pendendam, digunakan dalam ritual perlindungan dan pembalasan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "talisman", "revenge-spirit", "shamanism"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/tumbal-ponorogo"}, {"id": "tuyul", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Tuyul", "zh": "图尤尔（矮灵偷金者）", "id": "Tuyul"}, "summary": {"en": "A small, goblin-like creature in Javanese folklore — a spirit that steals money and valuables for its master, often depicted as a tiny, bald figure with a mischievous grin, embodying the greed and desperation of those who summon it.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中一种类似小妖精的生物——一种为其主人偷窃金钱和贵重物品的精灵，常被描绘为一个光头小个子，带着顽皮的笑容，体现了召唤者的贪婪与绝望。", "id": "Makhluk kecil mirip goblin dalam cerita rakyat Jawa — roh yang mencuri uang dan barang berharga untuk tuannya, sering digambarkan sebagai sosok kecil botak dengan senyum nakal, mewujudkan keserakahan dan keputusasaan mereka yang memanggilnya."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "spirit", "thief", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/tuyul"}, {"id": "wewe gombel", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Wewe Gombel", "zh": "韦韦·贡贝尔（掳童女鬼）", "id": "Wewe Gombel"}, "summary": {"en": "A female spirit in Central Javanese folklore — the ghost of a woman who kidnaps children who wander into the forest, a figure of warning and fear who also embodies the anxiety of loss and the hidden dangers of the wild.", "zh": "中爪哇民间传说中的一个女性精灵——一个掳走迷失在森林中的孩子的女鬼，一个警示和恐惧的象征，也体现了失落的焦虑和荒野的潜在危险。", "id": "Roh wanita dalam cerita rakyat Jawa Tengah — hantu wanita yang menculik anak-anak yang tersesat ke dalam hutan, sosok peringatan dan ketakutan yang juga mewujudkan kecemasan kehilangan dan bahaya tersembunyi dari alam liar."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["creature", "folklore", "java", "child", "forest", "kidnapping", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/wewe-gombel"}, {"id": "wewe-gombel", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "creature", "name": {"en": "Wewe Gombel", "zh": "韦韦·贡贝尔（爪哇黄昏女鬼）", "id": "Wewe Gombel"}, "summary": {"en": "A terrifying female spirit of Javanese folklore who haunts the twilight hours—a ragged woman with long, tangled hair and sharp claws, who preys on children who stay out after dusk, but whose story hides a deeper lesson about abandonment, protection, and the fear that mothers have always carried.", "zh": "爪哇民间传说中在黄昏出没的可怕女性精灵——一个衣衫褴褛、长发凌乱、指甲尖利的老太婆，以黄昏后仍在户外的孩子为猎物，但她的故事背后隐藏着关于遗弃、保护和母亲们始终背负的恐惧的更深层教训。", "id": "Roh wanita menakutkan dari cerita rakyat Jawa yang menghantui senja—wanita compang-camping dengan rambut panjang kusut dan kuku tajam, yang memangsa anak-anak yang masih di luar setelah magrib, tetapi kisahnya menyimpan pelajaran yang lebih dalam tentang penelantaran, perlindungan, dan ketakutan yang selalu dipikul oleh para ibu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["creature", "javanese", "folklore", "female-spirit", "child", "cautionary-tale", "spirit", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/creatures/wewe-gombel"}, {"id": "barong", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Barong", "zh": "巴隆", "id": "Barong"}, "summary": {"en": "The lion-like protective spirit and king of the good spirits in Balinese mythology, the eternal adversary of Rangda, representing the forces of order, good, and protection.", "zh": "巴厘岛神话中狮子形态的守护灵与善良之灵的王，是兰达的永恒宿敌，象征着秩序、善良与保护的力量。", "id": "Roh pelindung yang mirip singa dan raja roh-roh baik dalam mitologi Bali, musuh abadi Rangda, yang mewakili kekuatan ketertiban, kebaikan, dan perlindungan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["deity", "mythology", "bali", "barong", "rangda", "protection", "good", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/barong"}, {"id": "batara-guru", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Batara Guru", "zh": "巴塔拉·古鲁", "id": "Batara Guru"}, "summary": {"en": "The supreme arbiter of sovereignty in Javanese political theology, an avatar of Shiva adapted to legitimize kingship and, ultimately, to sever the divine right of kings.", "zh": "爪哇政治神学中主权的最高仲裁者，湿婆的化身，被用于使王权合法化，并最终割断了王权的神授根基。", "id": "Arbiter kedaulatan tertinggi dalam teologi politik Jawa, avatara Siwa yang diadaptasi untuk melegitimasi kekuasaan raja dan, pada akhirnya, memutus hak ilahi raja."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 61, "tags": ["deity", "shiva", "sovereignty", "verdict-of-severance", "dark-secret", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/batara-guru"}, {"id": "batara-kala", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Batara Kala", "zh": "巴塔拉·卡拉", "id": "Batara Kala"}, "summary": {"en": "The god of the underworld and time in Javanese and Balinese mythology, the lord of Patala who governs death, transformation, and the cycles of destruction, often depicted as a giant with terrifying fangs.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘神话中的冥界与时间之神，帕塔拉之主，掌管死亡、转化和毁灭的周期，常被描绘为长着可怕獠牙的巨人。", "id": "Dewa alam bawah dan waktu dalam mitologi Jawa dan Bali, penguasa Patala yang mengatur kematian, transformasi, dan siklus kehancuran, sering digambarkan sebagai raksasa dengan taring menakutkan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["deity", "underworld", "time", "patala", "destruction", "batara-kala", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/batara-kala"}, {"id": "brahma", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Brahma", "zh": "梵天", "id": "Brahma"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu god of creation, one of the Trimurti alongside Vishnu and Shiva—revered in the Indonesian archipelago through the magnificent temples of Prambanan and in the theological traditions of Balinese Hinduism, where he represents the creative force that gives birth to the cosmos.", "zh": "印度教的创造之神，与毗湿奴和湿婆同属三主神——在印度尼西亚群岛通过宏伟的普兰巴南寺庙和巴厘印度教的神学传统中受到崇敬，他代表着孕育宇宙的创造之力。", "id": "Dewa pencipta dalam agama Hindu, salah satu dari Trimurti bersama Wisnu dan Siwa—dihormati di Nusantara melalui candi-candi megah Prambanan dan dalam tradisi teologis Hindu Bali, di mana ia mewakili kekuatan kreatif yang melahirkan kosmos."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["deity", "hindu", "trimurti", "brahma", "creator", "balinese-hinduism", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/brahma"}, {"id": "darma kawula", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Darma Kawula", "zh": "守护神", "id": "Darma Kawula"}, "summary": {"en": "The concept of a personal or guardian deity in the Nusantara tradition — a spirit that watches over a family, a village, or a kingdom, ensuring that the balance of the realms is maintained and that those under its protection are safe.", "zh": "努山塔拉传统中个人或守护神的概念——一位守护家庭、村庄或王国的灵魂，确保诸界的平衡得以维持，其保护下的子民安全无忧。", "id": "Konsep dewa pribadi atau pelindung dalam tradisi Nusantara — roh yang mengawasi keluarga, desa, atau kerajaan, memastikan keseimbangan alam tetap terjaga dan mereka yang berada di bawah perlindungannya aman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["deity", "guardian", "family", "village", "protection", "balance", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/darma-kawula"}, {"id": "dewa ayu", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewa Ayu", "zh": "河川女神", "id": "Dewa Ayu"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of rivers in Balinese mythology — a water deity who flows through the islands, bringing life, fertility, and spiritual connection to the communities along her banks.", "zh": "巴厘神话中的河川女神——一位流经群岛的水神，为沿岸社区带来生命、丰饶和灵性连接。", "id": "Dewi sungai dalam mitologi Bali — dewa air yang mengalir melalui Nusantara, membawa kehidupan, kesuburan, dan koneksi spiritual kepada komunitas di sepanjang tepiannya."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["deity", "water", "river", "bali", "fertility", "purification", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewa-ayu"}, {"id": "dewi Sri", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewi Sri", "zh": "稻米女神", "id": "Dewi Sri"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of rice and fertility in the Nusantara archipelago — a benevolent figure who sustains life, whose presence is felt in every field, every harvest, and every grain of rice, and whose story is woven into the agricultural rhythm of the islands.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的稻米与丰饶女神——一位滋养生命的慈爱神祇，她的存在遍布每一片田野、每一次收获、每一粒稻米，她的故事编织于群岛的农业节奏之中。", "id": "Dewi padi dan kesuburan di Nusantara — sosok bijaksana yang menopang kehidupan, yang kehadirannya terasa di setiap sawah, setiap panen, dan setiap butir beras, dan kisahnya terjalin dalam irama pertanian kepulauan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["deity", "rice", "fertility", "java", "bali", "agriculture", "harvest", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewi-Sri"}, {"id": "dewi ratih", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewi Ratih", "zh": "月神", "id": "Dewi Ratih"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of the moon in Balinese and Javanese mythology — a celestial being who governs the tides of time, the cycles of night and day, and the rhythm of the cosmos, closely tied to the lunar calendar.", "zh": "巴厘和爪哇神话中的月神——一位掌管时间潮汐、昼夜循环和宇宙节奏的天界存在，与阴历紧密相连。", "id": "Dewi bulan dalam mitologi Bali dan Jawa — makhluk surgawi yang mengatur pasang surut waktu, siklus malam dan siang, dan irama kosmos, terkait erat dengan kalender lunar."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["deity", "moon", "lunar", "bali", "java", "time", "calendar", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewi-ratih"}, {"id": "dewi-laksmi", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewi Laksmi", "zh": "吉祥天女", "id": "Dewi Lakshmi"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu goddess of wealth, fortune, and prosperity—the consort of Vishnu, worshipped in Indonesia as a symbol of abundance and good fortune, particularly in Bali.", "zh": "印度教中财富、运气和繁荣的女神——毗湿奴的配偶，在印尼被崇拜为丰饶和好运的象征，尤其是在巴厘。", "id": "Dewi Hindu kekayaan, keberuntungan, dan kemakmuran—permaisuri Wisnu, disembah di Indonesia sebagai simbol kelimpahan dan keberuntungan, terutama di Bali."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["deity", "hindu", "balinese", "wealth"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewi-laksmi"}, {"id": "dewi-ratih", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewi Ratih", "zh": "月亮女神", "id": "Dewi Ratih"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of the moon, beauty, and love in Javanese and Balinese mythology, who governs the night, the tides, and the emotional currents of the human heart.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘神话中的月亮、美丽与爱欲女神，掌管夜晚、潮汐与人类内心的情感之流。", "id": "Dewi bulan, kecantikan, dan cinta dalam mitologi Jawa dan Bali, yang mengatur malam, pasang surut, dan arus emosional hati manusia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["deity", "moon", "beauty", "love", "dewi-ratih", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology", "night"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewi-ratih"}, {"id": "dewi-sri", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Dewi Sri", "zh": "稻米女神", "id": "Dewi Sri"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of rice, fertility, and prosperity in Javanese and Balinese mythology, born from the tears of Antaboga, who nourishes all life and represents the sacred bond between the earth and its people.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘神话中的稻米、丰饶与繁荣女神，由安塔博加的眼泪化为蛋孵化而生，滋养万物，代表大地与人民之间的神圣纽带。", "id": "Dewi padi, kesuburan, dan kemakmuran dalam mitologi Jawa dan Bali, lahir dari air mata Antaboga, yang menyehatkan semua kehidupan dan mewakili ikatan sakral antara bumi dan penghuninya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 41, "tags": ["deity", "rice", "fertility", "agriculture", "prosperity", "dewi-sri", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/dewi-sri"}, {"id": "ganesha", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Ganesha", "zh": "甘尼沙（象头神）", "id": "Ganesha"}, "summary": {"en": "The elephant-headed god of wisdom, beginnings, and obstacle removal, widely venerated in Bali.", "zh": "象头神，智慧、开端与清除障碍之神，在巴厘岛广受供奉。", "id": "Dewa berkepala gajah yang melambangkan kebijaksanaan, awal mula, dan penghalang rintangan, dipuja luas di Bali."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["deity", "ganesha", "elephant", "wisdom", "balinese"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/ganesha"}, {"id": "hyang api", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Hyang Api", "zh": "火之灵", "id": "Hyang Api"}, "summary": {"en": "The spirit of fire in the Nusantara worldview — a force that purifies, transforms, and connects the visible world to the hidden realms, rising from the volcanoes and flickering in every ritual flame.", "zh": "努山塔拉世界观中的火之灵——一种净化、转化、连接可见世界与隐藏领域的力量，从火山中升起，在每一次仪式火焰中闪烁。", "id": "Roh api dalam pandangan dunia Nusantara — kekuatan yang memurnikan, mengubah, dan menghubungkan dunia yang terlihat dengan alam gaib, bangkit dari gunung berapi dan berkedip dalam setiap api ritual."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["deity", "fire", "volcano", "purification", "transformation", "hyang", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/hyang-api"}, {"id": "indra", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Indra", "zh": "因陀罗", "id": "Indra"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu god of thunder, rain, and war—king of the gods and ruler of the heavens, whose legend of defeating the demon King Mayadenawa is central to the origin of Bali's sacred Tirta Empul spring, and whose vajra (thunderbolt) continues to be invoked in purification rituals across the archipelago.", "zh": "印度教的雷电、雨水和战争之神——众神之王和天界统治者，其击败魔王马亚德纳瓦的传说是巴厘岛圣泉寺起源的核心，其金刚杵（雷电）至今仍在群岛各地的净化仪式中被召唤。", "id": "Dewa petir, hujan, dan perang dalam agama Hindu—raja para dewa dan penguasa langit, yang legendanya mengalahkan Raja Mayadenawa menjadi pusat asal-usul mata air suci Tirta Empul di Bali, dan vajra (petir)-nya terus digunakan dalam ritual pemurnian di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["deity", "hindu", "indra", "thunder", "war", "king-of-gods", "balinese-hinduism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/indra"}, {"id": "kalimantan spirits", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Kalimantan Spirits", "zh": "加里曼丹诸灵", "id": "Roh-Roh Kalimantan"}, "summary": {"en": "The diverse spirits and deities of the Dayak people—the guardians of the forests, the mountains, the rivers, and the ancestors, who dwell in the hidden realm and watch over the people of Borneo.", "zh": "达雅克人多样化的精灵与神祇——森林、山脉、河流和祖先的守护者，栖息于隐藏领域，守护着婆罗洲的人民。", "id": "Roh dan dewa-dewa beragam masyarakat Dayak—penjaga hutan, gunung, sungai, dan leluhur, yang tinggal di alam gaib dan mengawasi rakyat Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["deity", "spirits", "dayak", "kalimantan", "forest-spirits", "ancestors", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/kalimantan-spirits"}, {"id": "mount-agung", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Agung", "zh": "阿贡火山", "id": "Gunung Agung"}, "summary": {"en": "The holiest and highest volcano in Bali, considered the earthly abode of the gods.", "zh": "巴厘岛最神圣、最高的火山，被视为众神在人间的居所。", "id": "Gunung berapi paling suci dan tertinggi di Bali, dianggap sebagai tempat tinggal para dewa di bumi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["volcano", "bali", "sacred", "mountain", "hiking"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/mount-agung"}, {"id": "mula jadi na bolon", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Mula Jadi Na Bolon", "zh": "穆拉·贾迪·纳·博隆", "id": "Mula Jadi Na Bolon"}, "summary": {"en": "The supreme deity of the Batak people of North Sumatra — the creator of the universe, the source of all life, and the ultimate judge of souls, whose name means \"the beginning, the becoming, the great one.\"", "zh": "北苏门答腊巴塔克人的至上神——宇宙的创造者、一切生命的源泉、灵魂的终极审判者，其名意为“开端、生成、伟大者”。", "id": "Dewa tertinggi masyarakat Batak Sumatra Utara — pencipta alam semesta, sumber segala kehidupan, dan hakim utama jiwa, yang namanya berarti \"permulaan, menjadi, yang agung.\""}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["deity", "supreme-god", "batak", "sumatra", "creator", "universe", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/mula-jadi-na-bolon"}, {"id": "nyai-loro-kidul", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Nyai Loro Kidul", "zh": "南印度洋女王", "id": "Nyai Loro Kidul"}, "summary": {"en": "Queen of the Southern Seas, a powerful Javanese sea goddess.", "zh": "南海女王，强大的爪哇海神。", "id": "Ratu Laut Selatan, dewi laut Jawa yang kuat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 27, "tags": ["deity", "javanese", "sea-goddess", "ocean"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/nyai-loro-kidul"}, {"id": "puang-matua", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Puang Matua", "zh": "普昂·马图阿", "id": "Puang Matua"}, "summary": {"en": "The Creator God of the Toraja people—the source of all life, the beginning and end of all existence, a god who created the world and then withdrew, leaving humans to find their way back to the divine through ritual, sacrifice, and the guidance of the ancestors.", "zh": "托拉查人的造物主神——所有生命的源头，一切存在的开始与终结，一位创造了世界而后隐退的神，留下人类通过仪式、献祭和祖先的指引来寻找回归神性之路。", "id": "Tuhan Pencipta masyarakat Toraja—sumber dari segala kehidupan, awal dan akhir dari semua keberadaan, dewa yang menciptakan dunia lalu menarik diri, meninggalkan manusia untuk menemukan jalan kembali kepada yang ilahi melalui ritual, pengorbanan, dan bimbingan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["deity", "toraja", "creator-god", "aluk-todolo", "cosmology", "ancestor", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/puang-matua"}, {"id": "rangda", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Rangda", "zh": "兰达", "id": "Rangda"}, "summary": {"en": "The demonic queen and witch of Balinese mythology, representing the forces of darkness and black magic. She is the eternal adversary of Barong, embodying the cosmic struggle between chaos and order.", "zh": "巴厘岛神话中的恶魔女王与女巫，象征着黑暗与黑魔法的力量。她是巴隆的永恒宿敌，体现了混沌与秩序之间的宇宙级斗争。", "id": "Ratu iblis dan penyihir dalam mitologi Bali, yang mewakili kekuatan kegelapan dan ilmu hitam. Ia adalah musuh abadi Barong, yang melambangkan perjuangan kosmik antara kekacauan dan ketertiban."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 28, "tags": ["deity", "mythology", "bali", "rangda", "barong", "black-magic", "story-hook", "antagonist"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/rangda"}, {"id": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Sanghyang Dwi Tunggal", "zh": "三神一体", "id": "Sanghyang Dwi Tunggal"}, "summary": {"en": "The trinity of Balinese Hinduism — Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer) — not three separate deities but three manifestations of the same divine essence, governing the cycle of existence.", "zh": "巴厘印度教的三神一体——梵天（创造者）、毗湿奴（护持者）、湿婆（毁灭者）——并非三位分离的神祇，而是同一神圣本质的三种显化，支配着存在的循环。", "id": "Trinitas agama Hindu Bali — Brahma (pencipta), Vishnu (pemelihara), dan Shiva (perusak) — bukan tiga dewa terpisah tetapi tiga manifestasi dari esensi ilahi yang sama, mengatur siklus keberadaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["deity", "trinity", "bali", "brahma", "vishnu", "shiva", "hindu-bali", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/sanghyang-dwi-tunggal"}, {"id": "saraswati-indonesia", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Saraswati", "zh": "智慧与艺术女神", "id": "Saraswati"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of wisdom, learning, and the arts — venerated in Balinese Hinduism as the source of all creative and intellectual inspiration, honored in temples, schools, and the hearts of artists.", "zh": "智慧、学识与艺术的女神——在巴厘印度教中被尊崇为一切创造与智识灵感的源泉，在寺庙、学校与艺术家心中受敬仰。", "id": "Dewi kebijaksanaan, pembelajaran, dan seni — dihormati dalam agama Hindu Bali sebagai sumber semua inspirasi kreatif dan intelektual, dihormati di pura, sekolah, dan hati para seniman."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["deity", "wisdom", "arts", "learning", "bali", "saraswati", "gamelan", "wayang"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/saraswati-indonesia"}, {"id": "sawerigading", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Sawerigading", "zh": "萨维里加丁", "id": "Sawerigading"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary hero-king of the Bugis people—the central character of the Sureq Galigo, one of the longest epics in the world, whose journey across the seas and realms embodies the Bugis spirit of adventure and connection.", "zh": "布吉斯人的传奇英雄国王——《伽利戈》长篇史诗的核心人物，其跨越海洋与诸界的旅程体现了布吉斯人的冒险精神与连接世界的勇气。", "id": "Raja-pahlawan legendaris masyarakat Bugis—tokoh sentral Sureq Galigo, salah satu epik terpanjang di dunia, yang perjalanannya melintasi lautan dan alam mewujudkan semangat petualangan dan koneksi Bugis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["deity", "hero", "bugis", "sulawesi", "epic", "maritime", "adventure", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/sawerigading"}, {"id": "setesuyara", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Setesuyara", "zh": "塞特苏亚拉", "id": "Setesuyara"}, "summary": {"en": "The goddess of the underworld in Javanese and Balinese mythology, the consort of Batara Kala, who governs the hidden depths, the cycle of decay and renewal, and the mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the world.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘神话中的下界女神，巴塔拉·卡拉的配偶，掌管隐藏的深处、腐烂与更新的循环，以及世界表面之下的奥秘。", "id": "Dewi alam bawah dalam mitologi Jawa dan Bali, permaisuri Batara Kala, yang mengatur kedalaman tersembunyi, siklus pembusukan dan pembaruan, serta misteri yang terletak di bawah permukaan dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["deity", "underworld", "patala", "fertility", "decay", "renewal", "setesuyara", "javanese-mythology"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/setesuyara"}, {"id": "shiva", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Shiva", "zh": "湿婆", "id": "Siwa"}, "summary": {"en": "The supreme destroyer and cosmic dancer in Hinduism, whose theological framework was appropriated in the Nusantara archipelago to justify the sealing of the Fourth Realm and the imposition of the Mana Curse.", "zh": "印度教中的至上毁灭者与宇宙舞者，其神学框架在努山塔拉群岛被挪用，用以合理化第四界的封印与灵力诅咒的施加。", "id": "Penghancur tertinggi dan penari kosmik dalam agama Hindu, yang kerangka teologinya diappropriasi di kepulauan Nusantara untuk membenarkan penyegelan Alam Keempat dan penerapan Kutukan Mana."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 42, "tags": ["deity", "hinduism", "destroyer", "origin", "cosmic-dance", "dark-secret"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/shiva"}, {"id": "toraja world tree", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Toraja World Tree", "zh": "托拉查世界树", "id": "Pohon Dunia Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "The sacred tree of the Toraja people—a cosmic pillar that connects the upper realm, the middle realm, and the lower realm, and a symbol of the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.", "zh": "托拉查人的圣树——连接上界、中界和下界的宇宙支柱，也是生命、死亡与重生循环的象征。", "id": "Pohon sakral masyarakat Toraja—tiang kosmik yang menghubungkan alam atas, alam tengah, dan alam bawah, serta simbol siklus kehidupan, kematian, dan kelahiran kembali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["deity", "tree", "toraja", "sulawesi", "cosmos", "life-cycle", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/toraja-world-tree"}, {"id": "trimurti", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Trimurti", "zh": "三主神", "id": "Trimurti"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu trinity of supreme deities—Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer—representing the cosmic cycle of creation, preservation, and dissolution, a concept that has shaped temple architecture (Prambanan), ritual practice, and philosophical thought in the Indonesian archipelago for over a millennium.", "zh": "印度教三大至高神——创造者梵天、保护者毗湿奴和毁灭者湿婆——代表了创造、保存和消融的宇宙循环，这一概念在一千多年里塑造了寺庙建筑（普兰巴南）、仪式实践和印度尼西亚群岛的哲学思想。", "id": "Trinitas dewa-dewa tertinggi Hindu—Brahma Sang Pencipta, Wisnu Sang Pemelihara, dan Siwa Sang Penghancur—mewakili siklus kosmik penciptaan, pemeliharaan, dan pembubaran, sebuah konsep yang telah membentuk arsitektur candi (Prambanan), praktik ritual, dan pemikiran filosofis di Nusantara selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["concept", "hindu", "trimurti", "brahma", "vishnu", "shiva", "cosmology", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/trimurti"}, {"id": "vishnu", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Vishnu", "zh": "毗湿奴", "id": "Wisnu"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu god of preservation, one of the Trimurti alongside Brahma and Shiva—revered in the Indonesian archipelago as the protector of cosmic order, whose ten avatars include the Javanese heroes Rama and Krishna, and whose enduring presence is carved into the stone reliefs of Prambanan and enshrined in the daily rituals of Balinese Hinduism.", "zh": "印度教的保护之神，与梵天和湿婆同属三主神——在印度尼西亚群岛被尊为宇宙秩序的保护者，其十大化身包括爪哇英雄罗摩和黑天，其持久的存在被雕刻在普兰巴南的石雕中，并供奉在巴厘印度教的日常仪式中。", "id": "Dewa pemelihara dalam agama Hindu, salah satu dari Trimurti bersama Brahma dan Siwa—dihormati di Nusantara sebagai pelindung tatanan kosmik, yang sepuluh awatarnya termasuk pahlawan Jawa Rama dan Krishna, dan kehadirannya yang abadi terukir di relief batu Prambanan dan diabadikan dalam ritual harian Hindu Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["deity", "hindu", "vishnu", "trimurti", "preserver", "rama", "krishna", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/deities/vishnu"}, {"id": "Iskandar Muda", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "hero", "name": {"en": "Iskandar Muda", "zh": "依斯干达·慕达", "id": "Iskandar Muda"}, "summary": {"en": "The greatest Sultan of the Aceh Sultanate (1607–1636) — a warrior-king who transformed Aceh into a maritime superpower, challenged European empires, and forged an Islamic golden age at the western edge of the Nusantara world.", "zh": "亚齐苏丹国最伟大的苏丹（1607–1636）——一位武士国王，将亚齐转变为海上超级大国，挑战欧洲帝国，在努山塔拉世界的西部边缘缔造了伊斯兰黄金时代。", "id": "Sultan terbesar Kesultanan Aceh (1607–1636) — seorang raja-ksatria yang mengubah Aceh menjadi kekuatan maritim super, menantang kerajaan Eropa, dan menempa zaman keemasan Islam di ujung barat dunia Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["hero", "sultan", "aceh", "sumatra", "maritime", "islam", "warrior-king", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/Iskandar-Muda"}, {"id": "angin-bayu", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Angin Bayu", "zh": "风之子", "id": "Angin Bayu"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary figure of the Nusantara cosmos — a child prodigy blessed by the gods, cursed by the priesthood, and condemned to walk the edge between worlds, serving the cosmic balance without ever being allowed to stand within it.", "zh": "努山塔拉宇宙中的传奇人物——被众神祝福的天才少年、被祭司诅咒的异端，注定行走于诸界的边缘，服务宇宙平衡却永远不被允许立于其中。", "id": "Seorang tokoh legendaris kosmos Nusantara — anak ajaib yang diberkati para dewa, dikutuk oleh para pendeta, dan dihukum untuk berjalan di tepi antara dunia, melayani keseimbangan kosmik tanpa pernah diizinkan untuk berdiri di dalamnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "legendary", "curse", "prodigy", "angin-bayu", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology", "tragic-hero"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/angin-bayu"}, {"id": "arjuna", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "hero", "name": {"en": "Arjuna", "zh": "阿周那", "id": "Arjuna"}, "summary": {"en": "The third of the Pandawa brothers in the Javanese wayang tradition — a peerless archer, meditator, and warrior-prince who embodies the tension between divine duty and human doubt.", "zh": "爪哇哇扬传统中般度五子的第三子——一位无与伦比的弓手、冥想者和武士王子，体现了神圣职责与人性疑虑之间的张力。", "id": "Yang ketiga dari lima bersaudara Pandawa dalam tradisi wayang Jawa — pemanah, petapa, dan ksatria-pangeran yang tak tertandingi, yang mewujudkan ketegangan antara kewajiban ilahi dan keraguan manusiawi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 24, "tags": ["hero", "wayang", "pandawa", "archer", "java", "mahabharata", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/arjuna"}, {"id": "bagong", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Bagong", "zh": "巴贡", "id": "Bagong"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the four clown-servants (*punokawan*) in Javanese wayang kulit, the youngest son of Semar—known for his naive and impulsive nature, his strong body, and his role as the most comedic of the servant figures.", "zh": "爪哇皮影戏中四大丑角仆人之一，司马尔最年幼的儿子——以其天真冲动的本性、强壮的身体以及作为仆人中最具喜剧色彩的角色而闻名。", "id": "Salah satu dari empat pelayan badut (*punokawan*) dalam wayang kulit Jawa, putra bungsu Semar—dikenal dengan sifatnya yang naif dan impulsif, tubuhnya yang kuat, dan perannya sebagai yang paling komedi di antara para pelayan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "wayang", "javanese", "punokawan"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/bagong"}, {"id": "bhishma", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Bhishma", "zh": "毗湿摩", "id": "Bhishma"}, "summary": {"en": "The elder statesman of the Kuru dynasty, the most respected and powerful warrior of his generation, whose vow of celibacy and loyalty to the throne of Hastinapura ultimately forces him to fight on the side of injustice in the Bharatayuddha.", "zh": "俱卢王朝的长老政治家，他那一代最受尊敬和最具威力的战士，他对贞洁和王位的誓言最终迫使他在巴拉塔大战中为不公的一方而战。", "id": "Negarawan senior dinasti Kuru, prajurit paling dihormati dan paling kuat dari generasinya, yang sumpah selibat dan kesetiaannya kepada tahta Hastinapura akhirnya memaksanya untuk bertarung di pihak ketidakadilan dalam Bharatayuddha."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "bhishma", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha", "elder", "warrior"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/bhishma"}, {"id": "bima", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Bima", "zh": "比玛", "id": "Bima"}, "summary": {"en": "The second of the five Pandawa brothers, the strongest warrior in the world, a hero of the Mahabharata and Javanese wayang tradition, known for his immense physical power, unwavering loyalty, and his role as the father of Gatotkaca.", "zh": "班达瓦五兄弟中的第二子，世界上最强大的战士，《摩诃婆罗多》与爪哇哇扬传统中的英雄，以其巨大的力量、坚定的忠诚以及作为加托卡查之父而闻名。", "id": "Yang kedua dari lima bersaudara Pandawa, prajurit terkuat di dunia, pahlawan Mahabharata dan tradisi wayang Jawa, dikenal karena kekuatan fisiknya yang luar biasa, kesetiaan yang teguh, dan perannya sebagai ayah dari Gatotkaca."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "pandawa", "warrior", "bima", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/bima"}, {"id": "calon-arang", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Calon Arang", "zh": "加隆·阿朗", "id": "Calon Arang"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary witch of 11th-century Bali, whose mastery of black magic and curse-laden power represents the dark side of the archipelago's spiritual heritage — and a living alarm for the Mana Curse.", "zh": "11世纪巴厘的传奇女巫，精通黑魔法和诅咒之力，代表了群岛精神遗产的暗黑面——也是灵力诅咒的活体警报器。", "id": "Penyihir legendaris dari Bali abad ke-11, yang penguasaan sihir hitam dan kekuatan terkutuknya mewakili sisi gelap dari warisan spiritual Nusantara — dan alarm hidup untuk Kutukan Mana."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["myth", "bali", "witch", "black-magic", "barong", "curse", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/calon-arang"}, {"id": "candra-kirana", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Candra Kirana", "zh": "坎德拉·基拉纳", "id": "Candra Kirana"}, "summary": {"en": "The beloved princess of Kediri and the central heroine of the Panji cycle, known for her beauty, wisdom, and unwavering devotion to Prince Panji. She is the feminine counterpart to Panji's quest — the embodiment of love, patience, and the power of reunion.", "zh": "谏义里的公主，潘吉故事循环中的核心女主角，以其美貌、智慧和潘吉王子的坚定爱情著称。她是潘吉追寻之旅的女性对应——爱与耐心的化身，也是重逢力量的象征。", "id": "Putri Kediri yang dicintai dan pahlawan wanita sentral dari siklus Panji, dikenal karena kecantikan, kebijaksanaan, dan pengabdiannya yang tak tergoyahkan kepada Panji. Ia adalah mitra feminin dari pencarian Panji — perwujudan cinta, kesabaran, dan kekuatan pertemuan kembali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "princess", "panji", "romance", "javanese-mythology", "candra-kirana", "epic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/candra-kirana"}, {"id": "cindua-mato", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Cindua Mato", "zh": "钦杜阿·马托", "id": "Cindua Mato"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary hero of the Minangkabau epic Kaba Cindua Mato, who restores the royal dynasty of Pagaruyung through exile, wandering, and supernatural aid.", "zh": "米南加保史诗《钦杜阿·马托》中的传奇英雄，通过流放、漂泊和超自然援助，复兴了巴加鲁永王室。", "id": "Pahlawan legendaris dari epik Minangkabau Kaba Cindua Mato, yang memulihkan dinasti kerajaan Pagaruyung melalui pengasingan, pengembaraan, dan bantuan supernatural."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["legendary-figure", "minangkabau", "matrilineal", "epic", "sumatra", "figure"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/cindua-mato"}, {"id": "dhritarashtra", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Dhritarashtra", "zh": "持国", "id": "Dhritarashtra"}, "summary": {"en": "The blind king of Hastinapura, the father of the Kurawa brothers, whose love for his son Duryodhana blinds him to the injustice of his actions, ultimately leading to the destruction of his entire family.", "zh": "象城的盲眼国王，库拉瓦兄弟之父，对儿子杜尤丹的爱蒙蔽了他的双眼，使他看不到儿子行为的不义，最终导致了整个家族的毁灭。", "id": "Raja buta Hastinapura, ayah dari para Kurawa, yang cintanya kepada putranya Duryodhana membutakannya terhadap ketidakadilan tindakannya, yang akhirnya menyebabkan kehancuran seluruh keluarganya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wayang", "figure", "dhritarashtra", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "king", "tragedy", "blindness"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/dhritarashtra"}, {"id": "drona", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Drona", "zh": "德罗纳", "id": "Drona"}, "summary": {"en": "The royal guru of both the Pandawa and Kurawa, the greatest weapons master of the age, whose tragic loyalty to the throne of Hastinapura forces him to fight against his own beloved students in the Bharatayuddha.", "zh": "班达瓦和库拉瓦两族共同的皇家导师，时代最伟大的武器大师，他对象城王位的悲剧性忠诚迫使他在巴拉塔大战中与自己心爱的学生对战。", "id": "Guru kerajaan bagi Pandawa dan Kurawa, ahli persenjataan terhebat pada zamannya, yang kesetiaannya yang tragis kepada tahta Hastinapura memaksanya untuk bertarung melawan murid-muridnya sendiri dalam Bharatayuddha."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["wayang", "figure", "drona", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha", "guru", "teacher"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/drona"}, {"id": "duryodhana", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Duryodhana", "zh": "杜尤丹", "id": "Duryodhana"}, "summary": {"en": "The eldest of the Kurawa brothers, the primary antagonist of the Mahabharata, who usurps the throne of the Kuru kingdom and initiates the Bharatayuddha war, driven by jealousy, pride, and a tragic inability to accept that his rival Yudhishthira is the rightful king.", "zh": "库拉瓦兄弟中的长子，《摩诃婆罗多》的主要反派，篡夺了俱卢王国的王位并发动了巴拉塔大战，由嫉妒、骄傲和无法接受其对手尤迪希提拉是合法国王的悲剧性无能所驱使。", "id": "Yang tertua dari bersaudara Kurawa, antagonis utama Mahabharata, yang merebut tahta kerajaan Kuru dan memulai perang Bharatayuddha, didorong oleh kecemburuan, kesombongan, dan ketidakmampuan tragis untuk menerima bahwa saingannya Yudhishthira adalah raja yang sah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["wayang", "villain", "kurawa", "duryodhana", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha", "tragedy"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/duryodhana"}, {"id": "gandhari", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Gandhari", "zh": "甘陀利", "id": "Gandhari"}, "summary": {"en": "The queen of Hastinapura, the wife of Dhritarashtra, who voluntarily blindfolds herself in solidarity with her husband, and whose curse on Krishna after the war becomes one of the most dramatic moments of the epic.", "zh": "象城的王后，持国之妻，为与丈夫共情而自愿蒙上双眼，她在战争结束后对克里希纳的诅咒成为史诗中最具戏剧性的时刻之一。", "id": "Ratu Hastinapura, istri Dhritarashtra, yang secara sukarela menutup matanya sebagai solidaritas dengan suaminya, dan kutukannya kepada Krishna setelah perang menjadi salah satu momen paling dramatis dari epik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wayang", "figure", "gandhari", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "queen", "tragedy", "curse"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/gandhari"}, {"id": "gareng", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Gareng", "zh": "加伦", "id": "Gareng"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the four clown-servants (*punokawan*) in Javanese wayang kulit, the son of Semar—known for his small stature, stiff arm, and his role as a loyal and humble servant to the Pandawa heroes.", "zh": "爪哇皮影戏中四大丑角仆人之一，司马尔之子——以其矮小的身材、僵硬的手臂以及作为班达瓦英雄忠诚而谦逊的仆人的角色而闻名。", "id": "Salah satu dari empat pelayan badut (*punokawan*) dalam wayang kulit Jawa, putra Semar—dikenal dengan tubuhnya yang kecil, lengan kaku, dan perannya sebagai pelayan setia dan rendah hati bagi para pahlawan Pandawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "wayang", "javanese", "punokawan"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/gareng"}, {"id": "gatotkaca", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Gatotkaca", "zh": "加托卡查", "id": "Gatotkaca"}, "summary": {"en": "The iconic flying warrior of Javanese wayang, son of Bima and the giantess Arimbi, whose iron body was forged in divine fire. His tragic death in the Bharatayuddha echoes the cosmic logic of the Mana Curse and the 210-day contract.", "zh": "爪哇哇扬中最具标志性的飞行武士，比玛与女巨人阿林比之子，其铁骨之身在神火中锻造。他在巴拉塔大战中的悲剧性死亡呼应了灵力诅咒与210天契约的宇宙逻辑。", "id": "Prajurit terbang paling ikonik dalam wayang Jawa, putra Bima dan raksasa Arimbi, yang tubuh besinya ditempa dalam api ilahi. Kematian tragisnya dalam Bharatayuddha menggemakan logika kosmik dari Kutukan Mana dan Kontrak 210 Hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "tragic-figure", "pandawa", "flying-warrior", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/gatotkaca"}, {"id": "hang-jebat", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "hero", "name": {"en": "Hang Jebat", "zh": "杭·惹拔", "id": "Hang Jebat"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary rebel-friend of the Malay epic tradition — known as the warrior who chose justice over loyalty, whose rebellion against the Sultan of Malacca turned him from beloved friend to eternal traitor, and whose story questions the very foundations of power.", "zh": "马来史诗传统中传奇的反叛之友——以选择正义而非忠诚的勇士而闻名，他对马六甲苏丹的叛乱将他从挚友转变为永恒的叛徒，他的故事质疑了权力本身的根基。", "id": "Sahabat pemberontak legendaris dalam tradisi epik Melayu — dikenal sebagai prajurit yang memilih keadilan daripada kesetiaan, yang pemberontakannya terhadap Sultan Melaka mengubahnya dari sahabat tercinta menjadi pengkhianat abadi, dan kisahnya mempertanyakan fondasi kekuasaan itu sendiri."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["hero", "rebel", "malay", "epic", "malacca", "justice", "loyalty", "tragedy"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/hang-jebat"}, {"id": "hang-tuah", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Hang Tuah", "zh": "杭·杜亚", "id": "Hang Tuah"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary Malay warrior-admiral of the Malacca Sultanate — a paragon of absolute loyalty, whose magical kris and divine invincibility defined the golden age of maritime Nusantara.", "zh": "马六甲苏丹国传奇的武士海军上将——绝对忠诚的典范，他的神剑和神圣无敌之身定义了努山塔拉海洋文明的黄金时代。", "id": "Laksamana legenda Kesultanan Melaka — lambang kesetiaan mutlak, yang keris sakti dan kekebalan ilahinya mendefinisikan zaman keemasan maritim Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["hero", "malay", "malacca", "maritime", "kesultanan-melaka", "loyalty", "dark-line-3", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/hang-tuah"}, {"id": "iskandar-muda", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "hero", "name": {"en": "Iskandar Muda", "zh": "依斯干达·慕达", "id": "Iskandar Muda"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary warrior-king of the Aceh Sultanate, who brought his kingdom to its golden age in the 17th century — a ruler who expanded the empire's reach across Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, challenged Portuguese and Dutch colonialism, and left behind a legacy of Islamic maritime power that still echoes in the collective memory of Sumatra.", "zh": "亚齐苏丹国的传奇武士国王，他在17世纪将王国带入黄金时代——一位将帝国版图扩展至苏门答腊和马来半岛的统治者，挑战了葡萄牙和荷兰的殖民主义，留下了一份至今仍在苏门答腊集体记忆中回响的伊斯兰海洋强国遗产。", "id": "Raja-prajurit legendaris Kesultanan Aceh, yang membawa kerajaannya ke zaman keemasan pada abad ke-17 — seorang penguasa yang memperluas jangkauan kerajaan melintasi Sumatra dan Semenanjung Melayu, menantang kolonialisme Portugis dan Belanda, dan meninggalkan warisan kekuatan maritim Islam yang masih bergema dalam ingatan kolektif Sumatra."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["hero", "king", "aceh", "sumatra", "islamic", "maritime", "warrior", "golden-age"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/iskandar-muda"}, {"id": "karna", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Karna", "zh": "迦尔纳", "id": "Karna"}, "summary": {"en": "The tragic hero of the Mahabharata — the son of Kunti and the sun god Surya, abandoned at birth, raised as a low-caste charioteer's son, who becomes the greatest warrior of the Kurawa and the rival of Arjuna, destined to die in the war he chose to fight.", "zh": "《摩诃婆罗多》中的悲剧英雄——贡蒂与太阳神苏利耶之子，出生即被遗弃，作为低种姓车夫之子长大，成为库拉瓦阵营最伟大的战士，也是阿周那的宿敌，注定战死于他选择加入的战争。", "id": "Pahlawan tragis Mahabharata — putra Kunti dan dewa matahari Surya, ditinggalkan saat lahir, dibesarkan sebagai putra kusir kasta rendah, yang menjadi prajurit terhebat Kurawa dan saingan Arjuna, ditakdirkan mati dalam perang yang ia pilih untuk bertempur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "karna", "mahabharata", "tragedy", "javanese-mythology", "bharatayuddha", "warrior"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/karna"}, {"id": "krishna", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "deity", "name": {"en": "Krishna", "zh": "克里希纳", "id": "Krishna"}, "summary": {"en": "The eighth avatar of Vishnu, the divine charioteer and teacher of Arjuna, who reveals the sacred teachings of the Bhagavad Gita. In Javanese wayang, he is the cosmic guide whose presence transforms the war into a spiritual drama.", "zh": "毗湿奴的第八个化身，阿周那的神圣车夫与导师，揭示了《薄伽梵歌》的神圣教导。在爪哇哇扬中，他是将战争转化为精神戏剧的宇宙向导。", "id": "Avatar kedelapan Wisnu, kusir ilahi dan guru Arjuna, yang mengungkapkan ajaran suci Bhagavad Gita. Dalam wayang Jawa, ia adalah pemandu kosmik yang kehadirannya mengubah perang menjadi drama spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["deity", "avatar", "krishna", "mahabharata", "javanese-mythology", "wayang", "bhagavad-gita", "guide"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/krishna"}, {"id": "kunti", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Kunti", "zh": "贡蒂", "id": "Kunti"}, "summary": {"en": "The mother of the Pandawa brothers and Karna, the queen who carries the burden of the entire Kuru dynasty's tragedy, whose secret abandonment of her firstborn son haunts the entire epic.", "zh": "班达瓦五兄弟与迦尔纳之母，承载了整个俱卢王朝悲剧的王后，她对长子秘密遗弃的秘密贯穿了整个史诗的始终。", "id": "Ibu dari para Pandawa dan Karna, ratu yang memikul beban tragedi seluruh dinasti Kuru, yang pengabaian rahasianya terhadap putra sulungnya menghantui seluruh epik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["wayang", "figure", "kunti", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "queen", "mother", "tragedy"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/kunti"}, {"id": "kurawa", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Kurawa", "zh": "俱卢百子", "id": "Korawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The one hundred sons of King Dhritarashtra in the Mahabharata — the cousins and rivals of the Pāṇḍavas, whose ambition and jealousy drove the great war of Kurukshetra, making them the central antagonists of the epic and the embodiment of adharma in Javanese wayang tradition.", "zh": "《摩诃婆罗多》中持国国王的一百个儿子——般度五子的堂兄弟和对手，他们的野心和嫉妒推动了俱卢之野大战，使他们成为史诗的核心反派，并在爪哇哇扬传统中体现了阿达摩（非义）。", "id": "Seratus putra Raja Dhritarashtra dalam Mahabharata — sepupu dan saingan Pāṇḍawa, yang ambisi dan kecemburuan mereka mendorong perang besar Kurukshetra, menjadikan mereka antagonis sentral epik dan perwujudan adharma dalam tradisi wayang Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["figure", "mahabharata", "wayang", "antagonist", "javanese", "mythology", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/kurawa"}, {"id": "nakula", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Nakula", "zh": "那库拉", "id": "Nakula"}, "summary": {"en": "The fourth of the five Pandawa brothers, the most handsome of the warriors, known for his exceptional skill with horses and his devotion to his twin brother Sahadeva.", "zh": "班达瓦五兄弟中的第四子，最英俊的战士，以出色的骑术和对孪生兄弟萨哈德瓦的忠诚而闻名。", "id": "Yang keempat dari lima bersaudara Pandawa, yang paling tampan di antara para prajurit, dikenal karena keahliannya yang luar biasa dengan kuda dan pengabdiannya kepada saudara kembarnya Sahadeva."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "pandawa", "nakula", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha", "horseman"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/nakula"}, {"id": "pandawa", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Pandawa", "zh": "般度五子", "id": "Pāṇḍawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The five righteous brothers of the Mahabharata — Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva — the heroes of the epic, who embody the ideals of dharma, courage, and virtue, and whose journey from exile to victory at Kurukshetra has inspired countless generations in the Indonesian archipelago.", "zh": "《摩诃婆罗多》中的五位正义兄弟——坚战、怖军、阿周那、无种和偕天——史诗的英雄，体现了达摩、勇气和美德的理想，其从流放到俱卢之野胜利的旅程激励了印度尼西亚群岛无数代人。", "id": "Lima bersaudara yang saleh dalam Mahabharata — Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, dan Sahadeva — para pahlawan epik, yang mewujudkan cita-cita dharma, keberanian, dan kebajikan, dan yang perjalanan dari pengasingan ke kemenangan di Kurukshetra telah menginspirasi banyak generasi di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["figure", "mahabharata", "pandawa", "wayang", "javanese", "heroes", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/pandawa"}, {"id": "panji", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Panji", "zh": "潘吉", "id": "Panji"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary prince of the 12th-century Javanese Panji cycle — a romantic hero whose exile, transformation, and reunion with his beloved Candra Kirana define one of Southeast Asia's greatest epic traditions.", "zh": "12世纪爪哇潘吉故事传说中的传奇王子——一位浪漫英雄，他的流放、蜕变以及与爱人钱德拉·基拉纳的重逢，定义了东南亚最伟大的史诗传统之一。", "id": "Pangeran legendaris dari siklus Panji Jawa abad ke-12 — pahlawan romantis yang pengasingan, transformasi, dan pertemuannya kembali dengan kekasihnya Candra Kirana mendefinisikan salah satu tradisi epik terbesar Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["hero", "panji", "java", "east-java", "romance", "exile", "transformation", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/panji"}, {"id": "petruk", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Petruk", "zh": "佩特鲁克", "id": "Petruk"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the four clown-servants (*punokawan*) in Javanese wayang kulit, the son of Semar—known for his tall stature, long nose, and his role as a wise and humorous advisor to the Pandawa heroes.", "zh": "爪哇皮影戏中四大丑角仆人之一，司马尔之子——以其高个子、长鼻子以及作为班达瓦英雄明智而幽默的顾问角色而闻名。", "id": "Salah satu dari empat pelayan badut (*punokawan*) dalam wayang kulit Jawa, putra Semar—dikenal dengan tubuhnya yang tinggi, hidung panjang, dan perannya sebagai penasihat bijak dan humoris bagi para pahlawan Pandawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "wayang", "javanese", "punokawan"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/petruk"}, {"id": "sahadeva", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Sahadeva", "zh": "萨哈德瓦", "id": "Sahadeva"}, "summary": {"en": "The youngest of the five Pandawa brothers, the wisest and most prophetic of the warriors, known for his deep spiritual insight, his skill with the sword, and his inseparable bond with his twin brother Nakula.", "zh": "班达瓦五兄弟中最年幼的，最智慧和最具预言能力的战士，以其深邃的精神洞察力、剑术和与孪生兄长那库拉之间的亲密纽带而闻名。", "id": "Yang termuda dari lima bersaudara Pandawa, yang paling bijaksana dan paling visioner di antara para prajurit, dikenal karena wawasan spiritualnya yang mendalam, keahliannya dengan pedang, dan ikatan yang tak terpisahkan dengan saudara kembarnya Nakula."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "pandawa", "sahadeva", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha", "prophet"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/sahadeva"}, {"id": "semar", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Semar", "zh": "司马尔", "id": "Semar"}, "summary": {"en": "The most important clown-servant (*punokawan*) in Javanese wayang kulit—a figure who is simultaneously a servant, a clown, and a god, representing the divine power of wisdom that guides the Pandawa heroes.", "zh": "爪哇皮影戏中最重要的丑角仆人——一个既是仆人、又是小丑、又是神的形象，代表着引导班达瓦英雄的神圣智慧力量。", "id": "Pelayan badut (*punokawan*) paling penting dalam wayang kulit Jawa—sosok yang sekaligus pelayan, badut, dan dewa, mewakili kekuatan ilahi kebijaksanaan yang membimbing para pahlawan Pandawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["figure", "wayang", "javanese", "punokawan", "servant", "clown"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/semar"}, {"id": "shakuni", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Shakuni", "zh": "沙库尼", "id": "Shakuni"}, "summary": {"en": "The maternal uncle of Duryodhana, the master manipulator of the Mahabharata, whose hatred for the Kuru dynasty drives him to orchestrate the dice game that sparks the Bharatayuddha war.", "zh": "杜尤丹的舅父，《摩诃婆罗多》中的操控大师，他对俱卢王朝的仇恨驱使他策划了引发巴拉塔大战的骰子游戏。", "id": "Paman dari ibu Duryodhana, dalang manipulasi dalam Mahabharata, yang kebenciannya terhadap dinasti Kuru mendorongnya untuk mengatur permainan dadu yang memicu perang Bharatayuddha."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wayang", "figure", "shakuni", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "villain", "manipulator", "strategist"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/shakuni"}, {"id": "srikandi", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Srikandi", "zh": "希里坎迪", "id": "Srikandi"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary female archer of the Mahabharata and Javanese wayang, whose martial skill was earned through training rather than divine gift — making her a counterpoint to the Mana Curse and a boundary-crosser between worlds.", "zh": "《摩诃婆罗多》与爪哇哇扬中的传奇女弓手，其武艺通过训练而非神赐获得——使她成为灵力诅咒的反例，也是穿越世界边界之人。", "id": "Pemanah wanita legendaris dari Mahabharata dan wayang Jawa, yang keahlian bela dirinya diperoleh melalui latihan daripada karunia ilahi — menjadikannya kontras dengan Kutukan Mana dan penyeberang batas antar dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "female-warrior", "archer", "pandawa", "boundary-crosser", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/srikandi"}, {"id": "tri-netra", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tri Netra", "zh": "三眼神", "id": "Tri Netra"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary figure of the Nusantara cosmos — born of human parents but carrying the third eye of Shiva, a hunter and guardian who stands at the threshold between the Upper Realm and the Middle Realm.", "zh": "努山塔拉宇宙中的传奇人物——生于人类父母，但继承了湿婆的第三只眼，一位狩猎者与守护者，立于上界与中界的门槛之上。", "id": "Seorang tokoh legendaris kosmos Nusantara — lahir dari orang tua manusia tetapi memiliki mata ketiga Siwa, seorang pemburu dan penjaga yang berdiri di ambang antara Alam Atas dan Alam Tengah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "legendary", "tri-netra", "guardian", "hunter", "javanese-mythology", "balinese-mythology", "third-eye"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/tri-netra"}, {"id": "yudhishthira", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Yudhishthira", "zh": "尤迪希提拉", "id": "Yudhishthira"}, "summary": {"en": "The eldest of the five Pandawa brothers, the rightful king of the Kuru dynasty, known for his unwavering commitment to truth and justice, yet whose righteousness becomes his greatest weakness in the Bharatayuddha war.", "zh": "班达瓦五兄弟中的长子，俱卢王朝的合法王位继承人，以其对真理和正义的坚定承诺而闻名，然而他的正直在巴拉塔大战中成为了他最大的弱点。", "id": "Yang tertua dari lima bersaudara Pandawa, raja sah dinasti Kuru, dikenal karena komitmennya yang teguh pada kebenaran dan keadilan, namun kebenarannya menjadi kelemahan terbesarnya dalam perang Bharatayuddha."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["wayang", "hero", "pandawa", "king", "yudhishthira", "javanese-mythology", "mahabharata", "bharatayuddha"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/figures/yudhishthira"}, {"id": "ata-modo", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legend", "name": {"en": "Ata Modo", "zh": "阿塔·莫多", "id": "Ata Modo"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary figure in North Maluku mythology, the \"Grandfather of the Volcano\"—a spiritual guardian of the sacred mountain on Ternate, who embodies the deep connection between the Moloku Kie Raha sultanates, the volcanic landscape, and the ancestral spirits that protect the spice islands.", "zh": "北马鲁古神话中的传奇人物，“火山祖父”——特尔纳特圣山的精神守护者，体现了莫洛库·基·拉哈苏丹国、火山地貌与保护香料群岛的祖先之灵之间的深层联系。", "id": "Seorang tokoh legendaris dalam mitologi Maluku Utara, \"Kakek Gunung Berapi\"—penjaga spiritual gunung suci di Ternate, yang mewujudkan hubungan mendalam antara kesultanan Moloku Kie Raha, lanskap vulkanik, dan roh nenek moyang yang melindungi kepulauan rempah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["legend", "mythology", "ternate", "maluku", "volcano", "spirit", "moloku-kie-raha", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/ata-modo"}, {"id": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Bawang Merah Bawang Putih", "zh": "红洋葱与白大蒜", "id": "Bawang Merah Bawang Putih"}, "summary": {"en": "One of Indonesia's most beloved folktales—a classic story of good versus evil, jealousy and kindness, in which the kind and beautiful Bawang Putih (White Onion) is tormented by her jealous stepsister Bawang Merah (Red Onion) and cruel stepmother, before the pumpkin she finds transforms into a golden carriage, leading to a happy ending that has been told to Indonesian children for generations.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最受欢迎的民间故事之一——一个关于善与恶、嫉妒与善良的经典故事，善良美丽的白大蒜受到嫉妒的继姐妹红洋葱和残忍继母的折磨，直到她发现的南瓜变成金色的马车，带来了幸福结局，这个故事代代相传给印尼儿童。", "id": "Salah satu cerita rakyat Indonesia yang paling dicintai—sebuah kisah klasik tentang kebaikan versus kejahatan, kecemburuan dan kebaikan, di mana Bawang Putih yang baik dan cantik disiksa oleh saudari tirinya yang cemburu Bawang Merah dan ibu tiri yang kejam, sebelum labu yang ditemukannya berubah menjadi kereta emas, membawa akhir bahagia yang telah diceritakan kepada anak-anak Indonesia selama bergenerasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "children-story", "good-vs-evil", "javanese", "malay", "fairy-tale", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/bawang-merah-bawang-putih"}, {"id": "jaka-tarub", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Jaka Tarub", "zh": "贾卡·塔鲁布", "id": "Jaka Tarub"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale about a young man who marries a celestial nymph—a story of love, betrayal, and redemption, one of the most beloved tales from Central Java.", "zh": "一个关于一位青年娶了天仙的爪哇民间故事——一个关于爱情、背叛与救赎的故事，是中爪哇最受人喜爱的故事之一。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang pemuda yang menikahi bidadari—kisah tentang cinta, pengkhianatan, dan penebusan, salah satu cerita yang paling dicintai dari Jawa Tengah."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "javanese", "central-java", "love", "betrayal"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/jaka-tarub"}, {"id": "javanese-mythology", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Javanese Mythology", "zh": "爪哇神话", "id": "Mitologi Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The rich and complex mythological tradition of the Javanese people — a world of gods, demons, heroes, and spirits, shaped by centuries of Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and indigenous influences, expressed through wayang kulit shadow puppetry, temple reliefs, and oral literature, and embodying the Javanese worldview of cosmic balance and spiritual harmony.", "zh": "爪哇人丰富而复杂的神话传统——一个众神、恶魔、英雄和精灵的世界，由几个世纪的印度教-佛教、伊斯兰教和本土影响塑造，通过哇扬皮影戏、寺庙浮雕和口头文学表达，体现了爪哇宇宙平衡和精神和谐的宇宙观。", "id": "Tradisi mitologis yang kaya dan kompleks dari masyarakat Jawa — sebuah dunia dewa, iblis, pahlawan, dan roh, dibentuk oleh pengaruh Hindu-Buddha, Islam, dan asli selama berabad-abad, diekspresikan melalui wayang kulit, relief candi, dan sastra lisan, dan mewujudkan pandangan dunia Jawa tentang keseimbangan kosmik dan harmoni spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["mythology", "javanese", "wayang", "hindu", "buddhist", "islam", "spirits", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/javanese-mythology"}, {"id": "keong-emas", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Keong Emas", "zh": "金蜗牛", "id": "Keong Emas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale about a princess cursed into the form of a golden snail—a story of patience, love, and the power of transformation, reflecting Javanese values of perseverance and loyalty.", "zh": "一个关于一位公主被诅咒变成金蜗牛的爪哇民间故事——一个关于耐心、爱与蜕变力量的故事，反映了爪哇人对坚韧与忠诚的价值观。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang putri yang dikutuk menjadi keong emas—kisah tentang kesabaran, cinta, dan kekuatan transformasi, mencerminkan nilai-nilai Jawa tentang ketekunan dan kesetiaan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "javanese", "transformation", "curse", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/keong-emas"}, {"id": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Legend of Tangkuban Perahu", "zh": "唐库班·佩拉胡传说", "id": "Legenda Tangkuban Perahu"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sundanese legend explaining the origin of Mount Tangkuban Perahu in West Java—a tale of a son's forbidden love for his mother, divine punishment, and the transformation of a kingdom into a volcanic landscape.", "zh": "一个解释西爪哇唐库班·佩拉胡火山起源的巽他族传说——一个关于儿子对母亲禁忌之爱、神圣惩罚以及一个王国化为火山地貌的故事。", "id": "Legenda Sunda yang menjelaskan asal-usul Gunung Tangkuban Perahu di Jawa Barat—kisah cinta terlarang seorang putra kepada ibunya, hukuman ilahi, dan transformasi kerajaan menjadi lanskap vulkanik."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "sundanese", "west-java", "mountain", "love", "tragedy", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/legend-of-tangkuban-perahu"}, {"id": "lutung-kasarung", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Lutung Kasarung", "zh": "鲁通·卡萨鲁恩", "id": "Lutung Kasarung"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sundanese folktale about a magical monkey who helps a princess reclaim her kingdom—a story of loyalty, transformation, and the triumph of goodness, originating from West Java.", "zh": "一个关于一只神奇猴子帮助一位公主夺回王国的巽他族民间故事——一个关于忠诚、转化和善良胜利的故事，起源于西爪哇。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Sunda tentang seekor monyet ajaib yang membantu seorang putri mendapatkan kembali kerajaannya—kisah tentang kesetiaan, transformasi, dan kemenangan kebaikan, berasal dari Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "sundanese", "west-java", "transformation", "loyalty"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/lutung-kasarung"}, {"id": "mahabharata", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Mahabharata", "zh": "摩诃婆罗多", "id": "Mahabharata"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the Mahabharata has journeyed across the Bay of Bengal to become a foundational narrative of Indonesian culture—transformed through Javanese and Balinese wayang kulit, dance-dramas, and literature into a living tradition that continues to shape moral philosophy, artistic expression, and spiritual identity across the archipelago.", "zh": "作为古印度两大梵文史诗之一，《摩诃婆罗多》跨越孟加拉湾，成为印尼文化的基石叙事——通过爪哇和巴厘岛的哇扬皮影偶戏、舞蹈戏剧和文学被转化，成为一种鲜活的传统，持续塑造着整个群岛的道德哲学、艺术表达和精神认同。", "id": "Sebagai salah satu dari dua wiracarita Sanskerta utama dari India kuno, Mahabharata telah melintasi Teluk Benggala untuk menjadi narasi fundamental budaya Indonesia—ditransformasikan melalui wayang kulit, sendratari, dan sastra Jawa dan Bali menjadi tradisi hidup yang terus membentuk filosofi moral, ekspresi artistik, dan identitas spiritual di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["epic", "hindu", "wayang", "pandavas", "kauravas", "arjuna", "krishna", "javanese-culture"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/mahabharata"}, {"id": "malin-kundang", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Malin Kundang", "zh": "马林·昆当", "id": "Malin Kundang"}, "summary": {"en": "A famous Minangkabau folktale from West Sumatra about an ungrateful son who abandons his mother after achieving wealth—and is cursed to turn into stone, serving as a moral lesson about filial piety.", "zh": "西苏门答腊一个著名的米南加保民间故事，关于一个忘恩负义的儿子在致富后抛弃母亲——被诅咒变成石头，作为孝道的道德教训。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Minangkabau yang terkenal dari Sumatra Barat tentang seorang putra yang tidak tahu berterima kasih yang meninggalkan ibunya setelah mencapai kekayaan—dan dikutuk menjadi batu, sebagai pelajaran moral tentang pengabdian kepada orang tua."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "minangkabau", "sumatra", "moral", "curse", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/malin-kundang"}, {"id": "moloku-kie-raha", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "legend", "name": {"en": "Moloku Kie Raha", "zh": "莫洛库·基·拉哈（马鲁古四山）", "id": "Moloku Kie Raha"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary confederation of the four mountain sultanates of North Maluku—Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo—which emerged in the 14th century as the political and spiritual foundation of the Spice Islands, shaping the region's history, culture, and Islamic identity for over six centuries.", "zh": "北马鲁古四大山苏丹国的传奇联盟——特尔纳特、蒂多雷、巴坎和贾伊洛洛——于14世纪出现，成为香料群岛的政治和精神基础，在六个多世纪里塑造了该地区的历史、文化和伊斯兰身份。", "id": "Konfederasi legendaris dari empat kesultanan gunung di Maluku Utara—Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, dan Jailolo—yang muncul pada abad ke-14 sebagai fondasi politik dan spiritual Kepulauan Rempah, membentuk sejarah, budaya, dan identitas Islam wilayah tersebut selama lebih dari enam abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["legend", "history", "ternate", "tidore", "bacan", "jailolo", "spice-islands", "sultanate"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/moloku-kie-raha"}, {"id": "ramayana", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Ramayana", "zh": "罗摩衍那", "id": "Ramayana"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the two great Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the Ramayana has been lovingly adapted and transformed across the Indonesian archipelago for over a thousand years—performed in wayang kulit shadow puppetry, carved into the stone reliefs of Prambanan temple, and woven into the cultural fabric of Java and Bali, where its themes of dharma, loyalty, and cosmic order continue to resonate.", "zh": "作为古印度两大梵文史诗之一，《罗摩衍那》在印度尼西亚群岛被热爱地改编和转化了一千多年——通过哇扬皮影戏表演，雕刻在普兰巴南寺庙的石雕上，编织进爪哇和巴厘的文化肌理，其关于达摩、忠诚和宇宙秩序的主题至今仍在回响。", "id": "Sebagai salah satu dari dua wiracarita Sanskerta utama dari India kuno, Ramayana telah diadaptasi dan ditransformasikan dengan penuh kasih di seluruh Nusantara selama lebih dari seribu tahun—dipentaskan dalam wayang kulit, diukir dalam relief batu candi Prambanan, dan ditenun ke dalam jalinan budaya Jawa dan Bali, di mana tema-tema dharma, kesetiaan, dan tatanan kosmik terus bergema."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["epic", "hindu", "wayang", "ramayana", "rama", "sita", "javanese-culture", "balinese-culture"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/ramayana"}, {"id": "timun-mas", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Timun Mas", "zh": "金黄瓜", "id": "Timun Mas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale about a brave girl who escapes a giant with the help of magical items—a story of courage, wit, and the triumph of good over evil, popular across the archipelago.", "zh": "一个关于一个勇敢的女孩在魔法物品的帮助下逃脱巨人的爪哇民间故事——一个关于勇气、智慧和善战胜恶的故事，在群岛各地广受欢迎。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang gadis pemberani yang melarikan diri dari raksasa dengan bantuan benda-benda ajaib—kisah tentang keberanian, kecerdikan, dan kemenangan kebaikan atas kejahatan, populer di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["folklore", "legend", "javanese", "courage", "magic"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/legends/timun-mas"}, {"id": "kecak-deep-dive", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Kecak — The Fire Dance", "zh": "凯卡克舞——火舞", "id": "Kecak — Tarian Api"}, "summary": {"en": "The Balinese trance dance performed by a chorus of men chanting \"cak\" — a ritual reenactment of the Ramayana's monkey army, where the boundaries between performer, character, and spirit dissolve, and the dancer becomes a vessel for the forces of the Fourth Realm.", "zh": "由一群男子齐声吟唱“cak”的巴厘迷幻舞蹈——《罗摩衍那》中猴军的仪式性重演，表演者、角色与灵体之间的界限在此消融，舞者成为第四界力量的容器。", "id": "Tarian trance Bali yang dilakukan oleh paduan suara pria yang meneriakkan \"cak\" — penghayatan ritual pasukan monyet Ramayana, di mana batas antara pemain, karakter, dan roh larut, dan penari menjadi wadah bagi kekuatan Alam Keempat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["mythology", "ritual", "balinese", "kecak", "fire-dance", "trance", "ramayana", "monkey-army"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/kecak-deep-dive"}, {"id": "ma'nene", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Ma'nene (Toraja Ancestral Cleansing Ritual)", "zh": "马涅涅（托拉查祖先净身仪式）", "id": "Ma'nene"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred Toraja ritual of cleaning and redressing the bodies of the ancestors—a practice of love, remembrance, and renewal, where the dead are not buried and forgotten but exhumed, cared for, and celebrated, reminding the living that the ancestors are never truly gone.", "zh": "一种神圣的托拉查仪式，清洁并为祖先遗体更换新衣——一种爱、纪念与更新的实践，在此死者并非被埋葬遗忘，而是被挖掘、被照料、被庆祝，提醒生者祖先从未真正离去。", "id": "Ritual sakral Toraja membersihkan dan mengganti pakaian jenazah leluhur—praktik cinta, ingatan, dan pembaruan, di mana orang mati tidak dikubur dan dilupakan tetapi digali, dirawat, dan dirayakan, mengingatkan yang hidup bahwa leluhur tidak pernah benar-benar pergi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["ritual", "toraja", "ancestor-worship", "cleansing", "renewal", "aluk-todolo", "rambu-solo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/ma'nene"}, {"id": "nyepi-deep-dive", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Nyepi — The Day of Silence", "zh": "静居日——沉默之日", "id": "Nyepi — Hari Keheningan"}, "summary": {"en": "The Balinese New Year — a day of absolute silence, fasting, and meditation, when the entire island pauses to allow the universe to renew itself, and the boundary between the visible and invisible worlds is at its most vulnerable.", "zh": "巴厘岛新年——一个绝对沉默、禁食和冥想的日子，整个岛屿停下来让宇宙自我更新，可见与不可见世界之间的边界处于最脆弱的状态。", "id": "Tahun Baru Bali — hari keheningan absolut, puasa, dan meditasi, ketika seluruh pulau berhenti untuk memungkinkan alam semesta memperbarui dirinya sendiri, dan batas antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat berada pada titik paling rentan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["mythology", "ritual", "balinese", "nyepi", "silence", "purification", "cosmic-renewal", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/nyepi-deep-dive"}, {"id": "ogoh-ogoh", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Ogoh-Ogoh", "zh": "奥戈-奥戈", "id": "Ogoh-Ogoh"}, "summary": {"en": "Towering demonic effigies paraded through the streets of Bali on the eve of Nyepi—a vibrant ritual of spiritual purification, community creativity, and symbolic exorcism that culminates in the burning of the statues to banish evil spirits and negative energies before the Day of Silence.", "zh": "静居日前夕在巴厘岛街头游行的巨大恶魔雕像——一场充满活力的灵性净化、社区创造力和象征性驱魔仪式，以焚烧雕像达到高潮，在静默日之前驱除邪灵和负能量。", "id": "Patung raksasa iblis yang diarak di jalan-jalan Bali pada malam sebelum Nyepi—ritual pemurnian spiritual yang semarak, kreativitas komunitas, dan eksorsisme simbolis yang berpuncak pada pembakaran patung untuk mengusir roh jahat dan energi negatif sebelum Hari Keheningan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["ritual", "bali", "nyepi", "purification", "exorcism", "procession", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/ogoh-ogoh"}, {"id": "perang-pandan", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Perang Pandan", "zh": "潘丹战争", "id": "Perang Pandan"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred Balinese ritual combat tradition in which men and boys duel with thorny pandan leaves to honor the warrior god Indra—a thousand-year-old rite of passage, blood sacrifice, and community bonding, practiced exclusively in the Bali Aga village of Tenganan.", "zh": "一种神圣的巴厘仪式性战斗传统，男子和男孩用带刺的露兜树叶决斗，以敬奉战神因陀罗——一项千年历史的成人礼、血祭和社区凝聚仪式，仅在巴厘阿伽村庄登加南举行。", "id": "Tradisi pertarungan ritual sakral Bali di mana pria dan anak laki-laki berduel dengan daun pandan berduri untuk menghormati dewa perang Indra—ritus peralihan, kurban darah, dan pengikat komunitas yang berusia seribu tahun, dipraktikkan secara eksklusif di desa Bali Aga, Tenganan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["ritual", "bali", "combat", "sacrifice", "indra", "coming-of-age", "bali-aga", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/perang-pandan"}, {"id": "rambu-solo", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Rambu Solo", "zh": "拉姆布·索洛（托拉查葬礼仪式）", "id": "Rambu Solo"}, "summary": {"en": "A magnificent and complex funeral ceremony of the Toraja people in South Sulawesi—a ritual that transforms death into a journey, the body into a vessel, and the community into witnesses of the soul's passage to the ancestors, embodying the Toraja philosophy that life and death are not opposites but stages of the same cycle.", "zh": "南苏拉威西托拉查人壮丽而复杂的葬礼仪式——一种将死亡转化为旅程、将身体转化为容器、将社区转化为灵魂通往祖先之旅见证者的仪式，体现了托拉查人“生与死不是对立而是同一循环的不同阶段”的哲学。", "id": "Upacara pemakaman yang megah dan kompleks dari masyarakat Toraja di Sulawesi Selatan—ritual yang mengubah kematian menjadi perjalanan, tubuh menjadi wadah, dan komunitas menjadi saksi perjalanan jiwa menuju leluhur, mewujudkan filosofi Toraja bahwa hidup dan mati bukanlah lawan tetapi tahapan dari siklus yang sama."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["ritual", "toraja", "sulawesi", "funeral", "ceremony", "ancestor-worship", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/rambu-solo"}, {"id": "saman", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Saman (Acehnese Sitting Dance)", "zh": "萨曼（亚齐坐姿舞蹈）", "id": "Tari Saman"}, "summary": {"en": "A mesmerizing sitting dance from the Gayo highlands of Aceh—a synchronized explosion of claps, chest-beats, and poetic chant, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, performed as a spiritual invocation and a celebration of community unity.", "zh": "亚齐加约高地的一种令人着迷的坐姿舞蹈——拍手、击胸和诗歌吟唱的同步爆发，被联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化遗产，作为灵性召唤和社区团结的庆典而表演。", "id": "Tarian duduk yang memukau dari dataran tinggi Gayo di Aceh—ledakan sinkron tepuk tangan, pukulan dada, dan nyanyian puitis, diakui oleh UNESCO sebagai Warisan Budaya Takbenda, ditampilkan sebagai seruan spiritual dan perayaan persatuan komunitas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["ritual", "dance", "aceh", "gayo", "unesco", "intangible-heritage", "islam", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/saman"}, {"id": "selametan", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Selametan (Javanese Communal Ritual Feast)", "zh": "斯拉梅坦（爪哇社区仪式宴席）", "id": "Selametan"}, "summary": {"en": "The most essential communal ritual in Javanese culture—a shared meal that serves as a spiritual offering, a social bond, and a cosmic balancing act, performed to mark life's transitions, seek protection from unseen forces, and maintain harmony between the human world and the spirit realm.", "zh": "爪哇文化中最基本的社区仪式——一顿共享的餐食，既是灵性供奉、社会纽带，也是宇宙平衡之举，用于标记生命的转折、寻求不可见力量的保护、维持人类世界与灵性领域之间的和谐。", "id": "Ritual komunal paling esensial dalam budaya Jawa—makanan bersama yang berfungsi sebagai persembahan spiritual, ikatan sosial, dan tindakan penyeimbang kosmik, dilakukan untuk menandai transisi kehidupan, mencari perlindungan dari kekuatan tak terlihat, dan menjaga harmoni antara dunia manusia dan alam roh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["ritual", "javanese", "communal-feast", "offering", "slametan", "kejawen", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/selametan"}, {"id": "seudati", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Seudati (Acehnese Warrior Dance)", "zh": "塞乌达提（亚齐战士舞）", "id": "Tari Seudati"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Acehnese warrior dance performed standing—a rhythmic explosion of poetry, body percussion, and synchronized movement, where the dancers become warriors, the poetry becomes a battle cry, and the dance becomes a prayer for strength and unity.", "zh": "一种站立表演的亚齐战士舞——诗歌、身体打击乐和同步动作的节奏性爆发，舞者化身为战士，诗歌化为战吼，舞蹈化为对力量与团结的祈祷。", "id": "Tarian prajurit Aceh yang kuat yang dilakukan sambil berdiri—ledakan ritmis puisi, perkusi tubuh, dan gerakan sinkron, di mana penari menjadi prajurit, puisi menjadi teriakan perang, dan tarian menjadi doa untuk kekuatan dan persatuan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["ritual", "dance", "aceh", "warrior-dance", "islam", "poetry", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/seudati"}, {"id": "slametan", "module": "02_mythology", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Slametan (Javanese Communal Ritual Feast)", "zh": "斯拉梅坦（爪哇社区仪式宴席）", "id": "Slametan"}, "summary": {"en": "The most essential communal ritual in Javanese culture—a shared meal that serves as a spiritual offering, a social bond, and a cosmic balancing act, performed to mark life's transitions, seek protection from unseen forces, and maintain harmony between the human world and the spirit realm.", "zh": "爪哇文化中最基本的社区仪式——一顿共享的餐食，既是灵性供奉、社会纽带，也是宇宙平衡之举，用于标记生命的转折、寻求不可见力量的保护、维持人类世界与灵性领域之间的和谐。", "id": "Ritual komunal paling esensial dalam budaya Jawa—makanan bersama yang berfungsi sebagai persembahan spiritual, ikatan sosial, dan tindakan penyeimbang kosmik, dilakukan untuk menandai transisi kehidupan, mencari perlindungan dari kekuatan tak terlihat, dan menjaga harmoni antara dunia manusia dan alam roh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["ritual", "javanese", "communal-feast", "offering", "slametan", "kejawen", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/02_mythology/rituals/slametan"}, {"id": "Malacca Sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Malacca Sultanate", "zh": "马六甲苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Melaka"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful 15th-century Islamic sultanate that controlled the strategic Strait of Malacca — a center of trade, Islamic learning, and Malay culture, whose influence extended across the Malay Archipelago, until its conquest by the Portuguese in 1511 marked the beginning of European colonialism in the region.", "zh": "15世纪控制战略要冲马六甲海峡的强大伊斯兰苏丹国——一个贸易、伊斯兰学术和马来文化的中心，其影响力遍及马来群岛，直到1511年被葡萄牙征服，标志着欧洲殖民主义在该地区的开始。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Islam yang kuat pada abad ke-15 yang menguasai Selat Malaka yang strategis — sebuah pusat perdagangan, keilmuan Islam, dan budaya Melayu, yang pengaruhnya meluas ke seluruh Nusantara, sampai penaklukannya oleh Portugis pada 1511 menandai awal kolonialisme Eropa di wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "malacca", "trade", "colonialism", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/Malacca-Sultanate"}, {"id": "aceh-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Aceh Sultanate", "zh": "亚齐苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "The most powerful sultanate in northern Sumatra from the 15th to 20th centuries, known for its fierce resistance to Portuguese and Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "15至20世纪苏门答腊北部最强大的苏丹国，以激烈抵抗葡萄牙和荷兰殖民主义闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan terkuat di Sumatra utara dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-20, dikenal karena perlawanan sengitnya terhadap kolonialisme Portugis dan Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 29, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sumatra", "aceh", "islam", "anti-colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/aceh-sultanate"}, {"id": "ancestor-worship", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Ancestor Worship", "zh": "祖先崇拜", "id": "Pemujaan Leluhur"}, "summary": {"en": "A fundamental spiritual practice across the Indonesian archipelago—the veneration of deceased ancestors as intermediaries between the living and the divine, central to indigenous belief systems, Balinese Hinduism, Javanese kejawen, and the Kaharingan faith of the Dayak, reflecting the deep connection between family, land, and the continuity of life.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛各地的基本精神实践——将已故祖先作为生者与神之间的中介加以崇敬，是本土信仰体系、巴厘印度教、爪哇克贾文和达雅克卡哈林甘信仰的核心，反映了家庭、土地和生命延续之间的深层联系。", "id": "Sebuah praktik spiritual fundamental di seluruh Nusantara—penghormatan kepada leluhur yang telah meninggal sebagai perantara antara yang hidup dan yang ilahi, sentral dalam sistem kepercayaan asli, Hindu Bali, kejawen Jawa, dan iman Kaharingan Dayak, mencerminkan hubungan mendalam antara keluarga, tanah, dan kesinambungan kehidupan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["religion", "ritual", "ancestor-worship", "indigenous", "kejawen", "kaharingan", "balinese-hinduism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/ancestor-worship"}, {"id": "babad-blambangan", "module": "03_history", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Babad Blambangan", "zh": "布兰班甘编年史", "id": "Babad Blambangan"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese historical chronicle that preserves the memory of the Blambangan Kingdom—the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Java, which survived on the easternmost peninsula for over a century after the fall of Majapahit, until its final conquest by the Mataram Sultanate in the 18th century, a story of resistance, resilience, and the fading of an era.", "zh": "一部爪哇历史编年史，保存了布兰班甘王国的记忆——爪哇最后一个印度教-佛教王国，在满者伯夷灭亡后在其最东端的半岛上存续了一个多世纪，直到18世纪被马塔兰苏丹国最终征服，这是一个关于抵抗、坚韧和一个时代消逝的故事。", "id": "Sebuah babad sejarah Jawa yang melestarikan ingatan tentang Kerajaan Blambangan—kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir di Jawa, yang bertahan di semenanjung paling timur selama lebih dari satu abad setelah jatuhnya Majapahit, hingga penaklukan terakhirnya oleh Kesultanan Mataram pada abad ke-18, sebuah kisah perlawanan, ketahanan, dan memudarnya sebuah era."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["literature", "chronicle", "blambangan", "javanese", "hindu", "resistance", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/babad-blambangan"}, {"id": "bali-kingdoms", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Balinese Kingdoms", "zh": "巴厘诸王国", "id": "Kerajaan-kerajaan Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "A series of Hindu kingdoms in Bali from the 10th to 19th centuries, preserving Hindu-Buddhist civilization after the Islamization of Java.", "zh": "10至19世纪巴厘岛的一系列印度教王国，在爪哇伊斯兰化后保存了印度教-佛教文明。", "id": "Serangkaian kerajaan Hindu di Bali dari abad ke-10 hingga ke-19, melestarikan peradaban Hindu-Buddha setelah Islamisasi Jawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "bali", "balinese"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/bali-kingdoms"}, {"id": "banjar-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Banjar Sultanate", "zh": "班贾尔苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Banjar"}, "summary": {"en": "A sultanate in South Kalimantan from the 15th to 19th centuries, known for its trade in diamonds, pepper, and resistance to Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "15至19世纪南加里曼丹的苏丹国，以钻石、胡椒贸易和抵抗荷兰殖民主义闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan di Kalimantan Selatan dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-19, dikenal karena perdagangan berlian, lada, dan perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "kalimantan", "banjar", "dutch-colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/banjar-sultanate"}, {"id": "bantam-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Banten Sultanate", "zh": "万丹苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Banten"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful 16th–17th century Islamic sultanate on the north coast of West Java—a major center of pepper trade, Islamic scholarship, and political power that rivaled the Dutch in Batavia, whose sultans built one of the archipelago's greatest ports and whose Great Mosque still stands as a testament to their cultural and spiritual legacy.", "zh": "16–17世纪西爪哇北海岸的强大伊斯兰苏丹国——一个胡椒贸易、伊斯兰学术和政治力量的主要中心，可与巴达维亚的荷兰人相匹敌，其苏丹建造了群岛最伟大的港口之一，其大清真寺至今仍在见证其文化和精神遗产。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Islam yang kuat pada abad ke-16–17 di pantai utara Jawa Barat—sebuah pusat perdagangan lada, keilmuan Islam, dan kekuatan politik yang menyaingi Belanda di Batavia, yang para sultannya membangun salah satu pelabuhan terbesar di Nusantara dan Masjid Agungnya masih berdiri sebagai bukti warisan budaya dan spiritual mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["sultanate", "islamic", "trade", "banten", "java", "spice-trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/bantam-sultanate"}, {"id": "banten-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Banten Sultanate", "zh": "万丹苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Banten"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful sultanate in western Java from the 16th to 19th centuries, known for its maritime trade and the conquest of Pajajaran.", "zh": "16至19世纪西爪哇的强大苏丹国，以海上贸易和征服帕查查兰王国闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan yang kuat di Jawa Barat dari abad ke-16 hingga ke-19, dikenal karena perdagangan maritim dan penaklukan Kerajaan Pajajaran."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "java", "banten", "islam"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/banten-sultanate"}, {"id": "blambangan-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Blambangan Kingdom", "zh": "布兰班甘王国", "id": "Kerajaan Blambangan"}, "summary": {"en": "The last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Java, which survived on the easternmost peninsula for over a century after the fall of Majapahit—a story of resistance, resilience, and the fading of an era, whose people carried their traditions across the sea to Bali when the kingdom finally fell to the Mataram Sultanate in the 18th century.", "zh": "爪哇最后一个印度教-佛教王国，在满者伯夷灭亡后在其最东端的半岛上存续了一个多世纪——一个关于抵抗、坚韧和一个时代消逝的故事，当王国最终在18世纪被马塔兰苏丹国征服时，其人民将他们的传统带到了巴厘岛。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir di Jawa, yang bertahan di semenanjung paling timur selama lebih dari satu abad setelah jatuhnya Majapahit—sebuah kisah perlawanan, ketahanan, dan memudarnya sebuah era, yang rakyatnya membawa tradisi mereka melintasi laut ke Bali ketika kerajaan akhirnya jatuh ke Kesultanan Mataram pada abad ke-18."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["kingdom", "hindu-buddhist", "java", "resistance", "blambangan", "majapahit", "exile", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/blambangan-kingdom"}, {"id": "buton-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Buton Sultanate", "zh": "布顿苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Buton"}, "summary": {"en": "A sultanate in Southeast Sulawesi from the 14th to 20th centuries, known for its maritime trade, fortification, and unique culture.", "zh": "14至20世纪东南苏拉威西的苏丹国，以海上贸易、防御工事和独特文化闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan di Sulawesi Tenggara dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-20, dikenal karena perdagangan maritim, benteng, dan budaya yang unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sulawesi", "buton"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/buton-sultanate"}, {"id": "cirebon sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Cirebon Sultanate", "zh": "井里汶苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Cirebon"}, "summary": {"en": "An Islamic sultanate on the north coast of West Java — a cultural and political bridge between the Sundanese and Javanese worlds, founded by Sunan Gunung Jati in the 15th century, and a key node in the Islamization corridor.", "zh": "西爪哇北海岸的一个伊斯兰苏丹国——巽他与爪哇世界之间的文化和政治桥梁，由苏南·古农·贾提于15世纪建立，是伊斯兰传播走廊的关键节点。", "id": "Kesultanan Islam di pesisir utara Jawa Barat — jembatan budaya dan politik antara dunia Sunda dan Jawa, didirikan oleh Sunan Gunung Jati pada abad ke-15, dan simpul kunci dalam koridor Islamisasi."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "islamic-sultanate", "java", "west-java", "cirebon", "wali-songo"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/cirebon-sultanate"}, {"id": "cirebon-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Cirebon Sultanate", "zh": "井里汶苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Cirebon"}, "summary": {"en": "A 15th–17th century Islamic sultanate on the north coast of West Java—a center of trade, Islamic scholarship, and Javanese culture that served as a bridge between the Sundanese highlands and the maritime trade networks of the Java Sea, and whose sultans were deeply connected to the Wali Songo and the spread of Islam in Java.", "zh": "15–17世纪西爪哇北海岸的伊斯兰苏丹国——一个贸易、伊斯兰学术和爪哇文化的中心，作为巽他高地与爪哇海海上贸易网络之间的桥梁，其苏丹与瓦利松戈和伊斯兰教在爪哇的传播密切相关。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Islam abad ke-15–17 di pantai utara Jawa Barat—sebuah pusat perdagangan, keilmuan Islam, dan budaya Jawa yang berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara dataran tinggi Sunda dan jaringan perdagangan maritim Laut Jawa, dan yang para sultannya terkait erat dengan Wali Songo dan penyebaran Islam di Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["sultanate", "islamic", "trade", "west-java", "wali-songo", "javanese", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/cirebon-sultanate"}, {"id": "demak", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Demak Sultanate", "zh": "淡目苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Demak"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Islamic sultanate in Java, founded in the late 15th century by Raden Patah—a powerful maritime state that became the cradle of Javanese Islam, the political successor to Majapahit, and a center of trade, learning, and the syncretic Islamic-Javanese culture that would shape the archipelago for centuries.", "zh": "爪哇第一个伊斯兰苏丹国，由拉登·帕塔于15世纪末建立——一个强大的海上国家，成为爪哇伊斯兰教的摇篮、满者伯夷的政治继承者，以及贸易、学术和融合伊斯兰-爪哇文化的中心，这种文化将在几个世纪里塑造群岛。", "id": "Kesultanan Islam pertama di Jawa, didirikan pada akhir abad ke-15 oleh Raden Patah—sebuah negara maritim yang kuat yang menjadi buaian Islam Jawa, penerus politik Majapahit, dan pusat perdagangan, pembelajaran, dan budaya Islam-Jawa yang sinkretis yang akan membentuk Nusantara selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["kingdom", "islamic", "java", "demak", "wali-songo", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/demak"}, {"id": "gajah-mada", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Gajah Mada", "zh": "加查·马达", "id": "Gajah Mada"}, "summary": {"en": "The prime minister who turned Majapahit into a naval empire, but whose military expansion created a debt crisis that would eventually destroy the kingdom.", "zh": "将满者伯夷转变为海军帝国的宰相，但其军事扩张所创造的债务危机最终反噬了王国。", "id": "Patih yang mengubah Majapahit menjadi kerajaan maritim."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["figure", "majapahit", "military", "debt", "expansion"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/gajah-mada"}, {"id": "galuh kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Galuh Kingdom", "zh": "加卢王国", "id": "Kerajaan Galuh"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Sundanese kingdom in West Java — a Hindu-Buddhist state that flourished from the 7th to the 15th centuries, and a predecessor to the Pajajaran Kingdom, playing a central role in the early history of the Sundanese people.", "zh": "西爪哇的一个古代巽他王国——一个从7世纪繁荣到15世纪的印度教-佛教国家，是帕贾查兰王国的前身，在巽他人的早期历史中发挥了核心作用。", "id": "Kerajaan Sunda kuno di Jawa Barat — negara Hindu-Buddha yang berkembang dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-15, dan pendahulu Kerajaan Pajajaran, memainkan peran sentral dalam sejarah awal masyarakat Sunda."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "hindu-buddhist", "sunda", "west-java", "galuh"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/galuh-kingdom"}, {"id": "galuh-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Galuh Kingdom", "zh": "加卢王国", "id": "Kerajaan Galuh"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Sundanese kingdom in West Java, existing from the 7th to the 15th century—a sister kingdom to Sunda, known for its rich cultural heritage and its role in Javanese history.", "zh": "西爪哇的一个古代巽他王国，存在于7至15世纪——巽他王国的姊妹王国，以其丰富的文化遗产和在爪哇历史中的作用而闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Sunda kuno di Jawa Barat, yang ada dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-15—kerajaan saudara Sunda, dikenal dengan warisan budayanya yang kaya dan perannya dalam sejarah Jawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "galuh", "sunda", "west-java", "ancient"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/galuh-kingdom"}, {"id": "gelgel", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Gelgel Kingdom", "zh": "格尔格尔王国", "id": "Kerajaan Gelgel"}, "summary": {"en": "The most powerful kingdom in Balinese history, ruling from the 14th to the 17th century—a period of cultural flourishing, territorial expansion, and Hindu consolidation that established the foundations of modern Balinese society, until its decline and the rise of the rival Klungkung kingdom.", "zh": "巴厘历史上最强大的王国，从14世纪统治到17世纪——一个文化繁荣、领土扩张和印度教巩固的时期，为现代社会奠定了基础，直到其衰落和对手克隆孔王国的崛起。", "id": "Kerajaan paling kuat dalam sejarah Bali, memerintah dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-17—sebuah periode kejayaan budaya, ekspansi teritorial, dan konsolidasi Hindu yang meletakkan dasar-dasar masyarakat Bali modern, sampai kemundurannya dan kebangkitan kerajaan saingan Klungkung."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["kingdom", "bali", "hindu", "gelgel", "klungkung", "majapahit", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/gelgel"}, {"id": "gowa-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Gowa Sultanate", "zh": "戈瓦苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Gowa"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful sultanate in South Sulawesi from the 14th to 17th centuries, known for its maritime trade and resistance to Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "14至17世纪南苏拉威西的强大苏丹国，以海上贸易和抵抗荷兰殖民主义闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan yang kuat di Sulawesi Selatan dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-17, dikenal karena perdagangan maritim dan perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sulawesi", "makassar", "dutch-colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/gowa-sultanate"}, {"id": "ishana-dynasty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Ishana Dynasty", "zh": "伊沙纳王朝", "id": "Dinasti Ishana"}, "summary": {"en": "A 10th-century Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Central and East Java — a period of cultural and religious flourishing, temple-building, and the production of some of the finest Old Javanese literature, including the *Arjunawiwaha*, a masterpiece of Javanese poetry.", "zh": "10世纪统治中爪哇和东爪哇马塔兰王国的爪哇王朝——一个文化和宗教繁荣、寺庙建造和创作了一些最优秀的古爪哇文学作品的时期，包括爪哇诗歌杰作《阿周那的婚礼》。", "id": "Sebuah dinasti Jawa abad ke-10 yang memerintah Kerajaan Mataram di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur — sebuah periode kejayaan budaya dan agama, pembangunan candi, dan produksi beberapa sastra Jawa Kuno terbaik, termasuk *Arjunawiwaha*, mahakarya puisi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["dynasty", "ancient", "java", "hindu", "mataram", "literature", "temple", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/ishana-dynasty"}, {"id": "jambi-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Jambi Sultanate", "zh": "占碑苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Jambi"}, "summary": {"en": "A sultanate in Jambi, Sumatra, from the 15th to 19th centuries, successor to the Srivijaya tradition and an important pepper-producing state.", "zh": "15至19世纪苏门答腊占碑的苏丹国，三佛齐传统的继承者，重要的胡椒生产国。", "id": "Kesultanan di Jambi, Sumatra, dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-19, penerus tradisi Sriwijaya dan negara penghasil lada yang penting."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sumatra", "jambi", "srivijaya"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/jambi-sultanate"}, {"id": "kahuripan-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kahuripan Kingdom", "zh": "卡胡里潘王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kahuripan"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese Hindu kingdom that existed in the 11th century, centered in East Java—established by King Airlangga after reuniting the kingdoms of Java.", "zh": "一个存在于11世纪的爪哇印度教王国，以东爪哇为中心——由爱尔朗卡国王在统一爪哇诸王国后建立。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu Jawa yang ada pada abad ke-11, berpusat di Jawa Timur—didirikan oleh Raja Airlangga setelah menyatukan kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "kahuripan", "java", "hindu", "airlangga"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kahuripan-kingdom"}, {"id": "kalingga-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kalingga Kingdom", "zh": "卡林加王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kalingga"}, "summary": {"en": "An early Hindu kingdom in Central Java, existing from the 6th to the 7th century—one of the earliest known Javanese kingdoms, with its capital believed to be near modern-day Jepara.", "zh": "中爪哇的一个早期印度教王国，存在于6至7世纪——已知最早的爪哇王国之一，首都据信位于今哲帕拉附近。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu awal di Jawa Tengah, yang ada dari abad ke-6 hingga ke-7—salah satu kerajaan Jawa tertua yang diketahui, dengan ibu kota diyakini dekat Jepara modern."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "kalingga", "java", "hindu", "ancient"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kalingga-kingdom"}, {"id": "kalingga", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Kalingga Kingdom", "zh": "卡林加王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kalingga"}, "summary": {"en": "A 6th-7th century Hindu-Buddhist kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, famously ruled by Queen Shima with a strict law against theft.", "zh": "公元6至7世纪位于中爪哇北海岸的印度教-佛教王国，以希玛女王及其严苛的反偷窃法律闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha abad ke-6-7 di pesisir utara Jawa Tengah, terkenal diperintah oleh Ratu Shima dengan hukum anti-pencurian yang ketat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "buddhist", "java", "queen"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kalingga"}, {"id": "kanjuruhan-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kanjuruhan Kingdom", "zh": "坎朱鲁汉王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kanjuruhan"}, "summary": {"en": "The oldest known Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in East Java, flourishing in the Malang highlands from the 7th to 10th centuries—a foundational civilization that bridged Central and East Javanese cultural traditions, whose legacy endured through the Medang, Kahuripan, and Majapahit eras.", "zh": "东爪哇已知最古老的印度教-佛教王国，于7至10世纪在玛琅高地繁荣——一个连接中爪哇和东爪哇文化传统的基础文明，其遗产通过梅当、卡胡里潘和满者伯夷时代延续。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha tertua yang diketahui di Jawa Timur, berkembang di dataran tinggi Malang dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-10—peradaban fundamental yang menjembatani tradisi budaya Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur, yang warisannya bertahan melalui era Medang, Kahuripan, dan Majapahit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "east-java", "hindu-buddhist", "ancient", "malang", "kanjuruhan", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kanjuruhan-kingdom"}, {"id": "kediri-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Kediri Kingdom", "zh": "谏义里王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kediri"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom based in East Java from 1042 to 1222, known for classical literature and the Panji cycle of stories.", "zh": "公元1042年至1222年位于东爪哇的爪哇印度教-佛教王国，以古典文学和潘吉故事系列闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Jawa yang berbasis di Jawa Timur dari tahun 1042 hingga 1222, dikenal karena sastra klasik dan siklus cerita Panji."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "buddhist", "java", "kediri", "panji"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kediri-kingdom"}, {"id": "kediri", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Kediri Kingdom", "zh": "谏义里王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kediri"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Javanese kingdom that flourished from the 11th to the 13th century in East Java — a period of cultural and literary achievement, territorial expansion, and the production of some of the finest works of Old Javanese literature, including the Kakawin Bharatayuddha and the works of Mpu Panuluh.", "zh": "11至13世纪在东爪哇繁荣的强大爪哇王国——一个文化和文学成就、领土扩张以及创作了包括《卡卡温·婆罗多战争》和姆普·帕努卢作品在内的最优秀古爪哇文学作品的时期。", "id": "Sebuah kerajaan Jawa yang kuat yang berkembang dari abad ke-11 hingga ke-13 di Jawa Timur — sebuah periode pencapaian budaya dan sastra, ekspansi teritorial, dan produksi beberapa karya sastra Jawa Kuno terbaik, termasuk Kakawin Bharatayuddha dan karya-karya Mpu Panuluh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["kingdom", "ancient", "java", "hindu", "literature", "kediri", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kediri"}, {"id": "klungkung", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Klungkung Kingdom", "zh": "克隆孔王国", "id": "Kerajaan Klungkung"}, "summary": {"en": "The most powerful kingdom in Bali after the decline of Gelgel, ruling from the 17th to the 19th century — a center of Balinese culture, art, and Hinduism, whose royal court was renowned for its patronage of literature, dance, and the arts, until its conquest by the Dutch in 1908.", "zh": "格尔格尔衰落之后巴厘最强大的王国，从17世纪统治到19世纪——一个巴厘文化、艺术和印度教的中心，其宫廷以赞助文学、舞蹈和艺术而闻名，直到1908年被荷兰征服。", "id": "Kerajaan paling kuat di Bali setelah kemunduran Gelgel, memerintah dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19 — sebuah pusat budaya, seni, dan Hindu Bali, yang istana kerajaannya terkenal karena perlindungannya terhadap sastra, tari, dan seni, sampai penaklukannya oleh Belanda pada 1908."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["kingdom", "bali", "hindu", "culture", "klungkung", "colonial", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/klungkung"}, {"id": "kutai-kartanegara", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate", "zh": "库泰·卡尔塔内加拉苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Islamic sultanate in East Kalimantan that flourished from the 16th to the 19th century — the successor of the Hindu Kutai Kingdom, known for its control over the Mahakam River trade routes, its rich cultural heritage, and its eventual subjugation by the Dutch colonial power.", "zh": "16至19世纪在东加里曼丹繁荣的强大伊斯兰苏丹国——印度教库泰王国的继承者，以其对马哈坎河贸易路线的控制、丰富的文化遗产以及最终被荷兰殖民势力征服而闻名。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Islam yang kuat di Kalimantan Timur yang berkembang dari abad ke-16 hingga ke-19 — penerus Kerajaan Kutai Hindu, dikenal karena kendalinya atas jalur perdagangan Sungai Mahakam, warisan budayanya yang kaya, dan penaklukan akhirnya oleh kekuatan kolonial Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "kalimantan", "kutai", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kutai-kartanegara"}, {"id": "kutai-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Kutai Kingdom", "zh": "库泰王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kutai"}, "summary": {"en": "The oldest known Hindu kingdom in Indonesian history, flourishing along the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan from the 4th century CE, whose existence is recorded in the Yupa inscriptions—the oldest written records in the archipelago.", "zh": "印尼历史上已知最古老的印度教王国，自公元4世纪起在东加里曼丹的马哈坎河沿岸繁荣发展，其存在记录在Yupa碑铭中——群岛最古老的文字记录。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu tertua yang diketahui dalam sejarah Indonesia, berkembang di sepanjang Sungai Mahakam di Kalimantan Timur sejak abad ke-4 M, yang keberadaannya tercatat dalam prasasti Yupa—catatan tertulis tertua di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "kutai", "east-kalimantan", "yupa", "mulawarman", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kutai-kingdom"}, {"id": "kutai-martadipura", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Kutai Martadipura Kingdom", "zh": "库泰·马尔塔迪普拉王国", "id": "Kerajaan Kutai Martadipura"}, "summary": {"en": "The oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, established in East Kalimantan around the 4th century AD, known from seven yupa stone inscriptions.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最古老的印度教王国，约公元4世纪建立在东加里曼丹，以七块尤帕石碑铭文闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu tertua di Indonesia, didirikan di Kalimantan Timur sekitar abad ke-4 M, dikenal dari tujuh prasasti yupa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "kalimantan", "kutai"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/kutai-martadipura"}, {"id": "lombok-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Lombok Kingdom", "zh": "龙目王国", "id": "Kerajaan Lombok"}, "summary": {"en": "A Hindu kingdom on the island of Lombok from the 17th to 19th centuries, representing the eastern spread of Balinese Hindu civilization.", "zh": "17至19世纪龙目岛的印度教王国，代表巴厘印度教文明向东传播。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu di Pulau Lombok dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19, mewakili penyebaran timur peradaban Hindu Bali."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "hindu", "lombok", "balinese", "nusa-tenggara"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/lombok-kingdom"}, {"id": "majapahit", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Majapahit Empire", "zh": "满者伯夷帝国", "id": "Kerajaan Majapahit"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocracy that ruled much of maritime Southeast Asia from 1293 to 1527, reaching its peak under Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, and serving as the historical precursor to the modern Indonesian state.", "zh": "1293年至1527年间统治东南亚海洋世界的强大爪哇印度教-佛教海洋帝国，在哈亚姆·乌鲁克和加查·马达治下达到鼎盛，是现代印度尼西亚国家的历史前身。", "id": "Sebuah thalassokrasi Hindu-Buddha Jawa yang kuat yang menguasai sebagian besar Asia Tenggara maritim dari 1293 hingga 1527, mencapai puncaknya di bawah Hayam Wuruk dan Gajah Mada, dan menjadi pendahulu sejarah negara Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 87, "tags": ["history", "empire", "javanese", "hindu-buddhist", "maritime", "thalassocracy", "majapahit", "gajah-mada"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/majapahit"}, {"id": "makassar-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Makassar Kingdom", "zh": "望加锡王国", "id": "Kerajaan Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful kingdom in South Sulawesi from the 14th to 17th centuries, precursor to the Gowa Sultanate and a major center of maritime trade.", "zh": "14至17世纪南苏拉威西的强大王国，戈瓦苏丹国的前身，海上贸易的重要中心。", "id": "Kerajaan yang kuat di Sulawesi Selatan dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-17, cikal bakal Kesultanan Gowa dan pusat utama perdagangan maritim."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sulawesi", "makassar", "maritime-trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/makassar-kingdom"}, {"id": "malacca-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Malacca Sultanate", "zh": "马六甲苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Melaka"}, "summary": {"en": "The preeminent Malay-Muslim sultanate that controlled the Strait of Malacca in the 15th century, serving as the primary conduit for Islam's spread from Sumatra into Java and beyond.", "zh": "15世纪控制马六甲海峡的马来-穆斯林苏丹国，是伊斯兰教从苏门答腊传入爪哇及其他地区的首要通道。", "id": "Kesultanan Melayu-Muslim yang menguasai Selat Melaka pada abad ke-15."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 54, "tags": ["history", "islamic", "malacca", "sultanate", "trade", "golden-age"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/malacca-sultanate"}, {"id": "mataram-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Mataram Kingdom", "zh": "马打兰王国", "id": "Kerajaan Mataram"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom from the 8th to 11th centuries, known for building Borobudur and Prambanan.", "zh": "8至11世纪存在于爪哇岛的印度教-佛教王国，以修建婆罗浮屠和普兰巴南两大世界文化遗产而闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Jawa dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-11, terkenal karena membangun Borobudur dan Prambanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "javanese", "hindu-buddhist", "borobudur", "prambanan"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/mataram-kingdom"}, {"id": "mataram-lombok", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Mataram Kingdom of Lombok", "zh": "龙目岛马塔兰王国", "id": "Kerajaan Mataram Lombok"}, "summary": {"en": "A 17th-century kingdom on the island of Lombok, founded by refugees from the fallen Mataram Sultanate of Java — a kingdom that combined Javanese and Sasak cultures, maintained its independence from the Dutch for over two centuries, and developed a rich cultural heritage that continues to shape the identity of Lombok's people.", "zh": "17世纪在龙目岛上的一个王国，由爪哇马塔兰苏丹国灭亡后的难民建立——一个融合爪哇和萨萨克文化的王国，在荷兰统治下保持了两个多世纪的独立，并发展出丰富的文化遗产，至今仍在塑造龙目岛人民的身份认同。", "id": "Sebuah kerajaan abad ke-17 di pulau Lombok, didirikan oleh pengungsi dari Kesultanan Mataram yang jatuh di Jawa — sebuah kerajaan yang menggabungkan budaya Jawa dan Sasak, mempertahankan kemerdekaannya dari Belanda selama lebih dari dua abad, dan mengembangkan warisan budaya yang kaya yang terus membentuk identitas masyarakat Lombok."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["kingdom", "lombok", "mataram", "sasak", "javanese", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/mataram-lombok"}, {"id": "mataram", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Mataram Sultanate", "zh": "马塔兰苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Mataram"}, "summary": {"en": "The most powerful Islamic kingdom in Java during the 16th and 17th centuries — a sultanate that united much of Java, produced great rulers like Sultan Agung, and left a lasting legacy of Javanese culture, art, and Islam, before its decline and eventual fragmentation under Dutch colonial pressure.", "zh": "16和17世纪爪哇最强大的伊斯兰王国——一个统一了爪哇大部分地区的苏丹国，产生了像阿贡苏丹这样的伟大统治者，留下了爪哇文化、艺术和伊斯兰教的持久遗产，后在荷兰殖民压力下衰落并最终分裂。", "id": "Kerajaan Islam paling kuat di Jawa pada abad ke-16 dan ke-17 — sebuah kesultanan yang menyatukan sebagian besar Jawa, menghasilkan penguasa besar seperti Sultan Agung, dan meninggalkan warisan budaya, seni, dan Islam Jawa yang abadi, sebelum kemunduran dan fragmentasi akhirnya di bawah tekanan kolonial Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "java", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/mataram"}, {"id": "medang-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Medang Kingdom", "zh": "梅当王国（马打兰王国）", "id": "Kerajaan Medang"}, "summary": {"en": "A major Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished from the 8th to 11th centuries, first in Central Java and later in East Java, known for building Borobudur and Prambanan.", "zh": "公元8至11世纪繁荣的爪哇印度教-佛教王国，先在中爪哇后迁至东爪哇，以建造婆罗浮屠和普兰巴南闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Jawa besar yang berkembang dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-11, pertama di Jawa Tengah dan kemudian di Jawa Timur, terkenal karena membangun Borobudur dan Prambanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "buddhist", "java", "mataram"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/medang-kingdom"}, {"id": "mempawah Kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Mempawah Kingdom", "zh": "孟帕瓦王国", "id": "Kerajaan Mempawah"}, "summary": {"en": "A Malay kingdom in West Kalimantan — a trading state that flourished from the 17th to the 19th centuries, playing a key role in the pepper and gold trade, and a center of Malay culture in the region.", "zh": "西加里曼丹的一个马来王国——一个从17世纪繁荣到19世纪的贸易国家，在胡椒和黄金贸易中发挥了关键作用，是该地区马来文化的中心。", "id": "Kerajaan Melayu di Kalimantan Barat — negara perdagangan yang berkembang dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19, memainkan peran kunci dalam perdagangan lada dan emas, dan pusat budaya Melayu di wilayah tersebut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "malay", "kalimantan", "west-kalimantan", "trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/mempawah-Kingdom"}, {"id": "mempawah-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Mempawah Kingdom", "zh": "孟帕瓦王国", "id": "Kerajaan Mempawah"}, "summary": {"en": "A small but significant Malay-Islamic kingdom on the west coast of Kalimantan, flourishing from the 17th to the 19th century — a center of trade and Islamic learning that maintained its independence until the Dutch colonial expansion brought the kingdom under its control in the 19th century.", "zh": "加里曼丹西海岸上一个小而重要的马来-伊斯兰王国，从17世纪繁荣到19世纪——一个贸易和伊斯兰学术中心，保持着独立，直到19世纪荷兰殖民扩张将该王国纳入其控制之下。", "id": "Sebuah kerajaan Melayu-Islam yang kecil namun signifikan di pesisir barat Kalimantan, berkembang dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19 — sebuah pusat perdagangan dan keilmuan Islam yang mempertahankan kemerdekaannya sampai ekspansi kolonial Belanda membawa kerajaan ini di bawah kendalinya pada abad ke-19."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "kalimantan", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/mempawah-kingdom"}, {"id": "nagarakretagama", "module": "03_history", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Nagarakretagama", "zh": "爪哇史颂", "id": "Nagarakretagama"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century Javanese manuscript describing the Majapahit Empire, recognized by UNESCO as a Memory of the World.", "zh": "14世纪的爪哇手稿，记述了满者伯夷帝国的疆域与属国，被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》。", "id": "Naskah Jawa abad ke-14 yang menggambarkan Kerajaan Majapahit, diakui UNESCO sebagai Memori Dunia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["literature", "majapahit", "javanese", "history", "unesco"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/nagarakretagama"}, {"id": "pajajaran kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Pajajaran Kingdom", "zh": "帕贾查兰王国", "id": "Kerajaan Pajajaran"}, "summary": {"en": "The last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in West Java — a Sundanese kingdom that flourished from the 14th to the 16th centuries, with its capital at Pakuan (modern Bogor), before being conquered by the Islamic forces of Banten and Cirebon.", "zh": "西爪哇最后一个印度教-佛教王国——一个从14世纪繁荣到16世纪的巽他王国，首都位于帕库安（今茂物），后被万丹和井里汶的伊斯兰势力征服。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir di Jawa Barat — kerajaan Sunda yang berkembang dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-16, dengan ibukotanya di Pakuan (Bogor modern), sebelum ditaklukkan oleh kekuatan Islam Banten dan Cirebon."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "hindu-buddhist", "sunda", "west-java", "pajajaran"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/pajajaran-kingdom"}, {"id": "pajajaran-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Pajajaran Kingdom", "zh": "帕查查兰王国", "id": "Kerajaan Pajajaran"}, "summary": {"en": "The last Hindu kingdom in West Java, flourishing from the 14th to 16th centuries as the successor of Tarumanegara and the Sunda Kingdom.", "zh": "西爪哇最后一个印度教王国，14至16世纪繁荣，是塔鲁马尼加拉和巽他王国的继承者。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu terakhir di Jawa Barat, berkembang dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-16 sebagai penerus Tarumanegara dan Kerajaan Sunda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "java", "sundanese"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/pajajaran-kingdom"}, {"id": "pajang kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Pajang Kingdom", "zh": "帕姜王国", "id": "Kerajaan Pajang"}, "summary": {"en": "A transitional kingdom in Central Java — the short-lived successor to the Demak Sultanate and the predecessor to the Mataram Sultanate, which served as a bridge between the Islamic coastal states and the inland Javanese kingdoms.", "zh": "中爪哇的一个过渡性王国——淡目苏丹国短暂存在的继承者，也是马打蓝苏丹国的前身，是伊斯兰沿海国家与内陆爪哇王国之间的桥梁。", "id": "Kerajaan transisi di Jawa Tengah — penerus singkat Kesultanan Demak dan pendahulu Kesultanan Mataram, yang berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara negara-negara Islam pesisir dan kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa pedalaman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["kingdom", "islamic-sultanate", "java", "central-java", "transition"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/pajang-kingdom"}, {"id": "palembang-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Palembang Sultanate", "zh": "巨港苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Palembang"}, "summary": {"en": "A sultanate in South Sumatra from the 17th to 19th centuries, successor to the Srivijaya tradition and an important pepper-producing state.", "zh": "17至19世纪南苏门答腊的苏丹国，三佛齐传统的继承者，重要的胡椒生产国。", "id": "Kesultanan di Sumatra Selatan dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19, penerus tradisi Sriwijaya dan negara penghasil lada yang penting."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sumatra", "palembang", "srivijaya"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/palembang-sultanate"}, {"id": "pontianak sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Pontianak Sultanate", "zh": "坤甸苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Pontianak"}, "summary": {"en": "A Malay sultanate in West Kalimantan — founded by an Arab-Malay prince in the late 18th century, it became a major trading center and a key node in the spread of Islam in Borneo.", "zh": "西加里曼丹的一个马来苏丹国——由一位阿拉伯-马来王子于18世纪末建立，成为主要的贸易中心，是伊斯兰教在婆罗洲传播的关键节点。", "id": "Kesultanan Melayu di Kalimantan Barat — didirikan oleh pangeran Arab-Melayu pada akhir abad ke-18, menjadi pusat perdagangan utama dan simpul kunci dalam penyebaran Islam di Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "malay", "kalimantan", "west-kalimantan", "sultanate", "trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/pontianak-sultanate"}, {"id": "pontianak-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Pontianak Sultanate", "zh": "坤甸苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Pontianak"}, "summary": {"en": "A Malay-Islamic sultanate established in 1771 on the west coast of Kalimantan — a center of trade, Islamic scholarship, and diplomacy that maintained its independence until the Dutch colonial expansion in the 19th century, and whose sultans played a key role in the political and cultural life of West Kalimantan.", "zh": "1771年在加里曼丹西海岸建立的马来-伊斯兰苏丹国——一个贸易、伊斯兰学术和外交的中心，在19世纪荷兰殖民扩张之前一直保持独立，其苏丹在西加里曼丹的政治和文化生活中发挥了关键作用。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Melayu-Islam yang didirikan pada 1771 di pesisir barat Kalimantan — sebuah pusat perdagangan, keilmuan Islam, dan diplomasi yang mempertahankan kemerdekaannya sampai ekspansi kolonial Belanda pada abad ke-19, dan yang para sultannya memainkan peran kunci dalam kehidupan politik dan budaya Kalimantan Barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "kalimantan", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/pontianak-sultanate"}, {"id": "sailendra-dynasty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Sailendra Dynasty", "zh": "夏连特拉王朝", "id": "Dinasti Sailendra"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Buddhist dynasty that ruled Central Java from the 8th to 9th centuries, known for building Borobudur and promoting Mahayana Buddhism.", "zh": "8至9世纪统治中爪哇的强大佛教王朝，以修建婆罗浮屠和弘扬大乘佛教而闻名。", "id": "Dinasti Buddha kuat yang memerintah Jawa Tengah dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-9, terkenal karena membangun Borobudur dan mempromosikan Buddhisme Mahayana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "dynasty", "buddhist", "javanese", "sailendra", "borobudur", "mahayana"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sailendra-dynasty"}, {"id": "sailendra", "module": "03_history", "type": "dynasty", "name": {"en": "Shailendra Dynasty", "zh": "夏连特拉王朝", "id": "Dinasti Shailendra"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Buddhist dynasty that ruled Java from about 750 to 850 AD, known for building Borobudur and promoting Mahayana Buddhism.", "zh": "约公元750至850年统治爪哇的强大佛教王朝，以建造婆罗浮屠和弘扬大乘佛教闻名。", "id": "Dinasti Buddha yang kuat yang memerintah Jawa dari sekitar tahun 750 hingga 850 M, dikenal karena membangun Borobudur dan mempromosikan agama Buddha Mahayana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "dynasty", "ancient", "buddhist", "java", "borobudur"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sailendra"}, {"id": "sambas sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Sambas Sultanate", "zh": "三发苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Sambas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Malay sultanate in West Kalimantan — a major political and trade center in the 18th and 19th centuries, controlling the gold, diamond, and pepper trade, and a key node in the spread of Islam in Borneo.", "zh": "西加里曼丹的一个马来苏丹国——18和19世纪重要的政治和贸易中心，控制黄金、钻石和胡椒贸易，是伊斯兰教在婆罗洲传播的关键节点。", "id": "Kesultanan Melayu di Kalimantan Barat — pusat politik dan perdagangan utama pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19, mengendalikan perdagangan emas, intan, dan lada, dan simpul kunci dalam penyebaran Islam di Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "malay", "kalimantan", "west-kalimantan", "sultanate", "trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sambas-sultanate"}, {"id": "sambas-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Sambas Sultanate", "zh": "三发苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Sambas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Malay-Islamic sultanate established in the 17th century on the west coast of Kalimantan — a center of gold mining, trade, and Islamic learning that maintained its independence from the Dutch until the 19th century, and whose sultans played a key role in the political and cultural life of West Kalimantan.", "zh": "17世纪在加里曼丹西海岸建立的马来-伊斯兰苏丹国——一个金矿开采、贸易和伊斯兰学术的中心，在19世纪之前一直保持独立于荷兰，其苏丹在西加里曼丹的政治和文化生活中发挥了关键作用。", "id": "Sebuah kesultanan Melayu-Islam yang didirikan pada abad ke-17 di pesisir barat Kalimantan — sebuah pusat pertambangan emas, perdagangan, dan keilmuan Islam yang mempertahankan kemerdekaannya dari Belanda hingga abad ke-19, dan yang para sultannya memainkan peran kunci dalam kehidupan politik dan budaya Kalimantan Barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["kingdom", "sultanate", "islamic", "kalimantan", "gold", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sambas-sultanate"}, {"id": "samudra-pasai", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Samudra Pasai Sultanate", "zh": "须文达剌-巴赛苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Samudera Pasai"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Muslim kingdom in Southeast Asia, founded on the north coast of Sumatra in 1267, which served as the primary beachhead for the Islamization of the archipelago.", "zh": "东南亚第一个伊斯兰王国，1267年建立于苏门答腊北海岸，是伊斯兰教传入群岛的首要滩头堡。", "id": "Kerajaan Islam pertama di Asia Tenggara, didirikan di pesisir utara Sumatera pada tahun 1267."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["history", "islamic", "sumatra", "sultanate", "first-muslim-kingdom", "trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/samudra-pasai"}, {"id": "sanjaya-dynasty", "module": "03_history", "type": "dynasty", "name": {"en": "Sanjaya Dynasty", "zh": "桑贾亚王朝", "id": "Dinasti Sanjaya"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Java during the first millennium AD, promoting Hinduism.", "zh": "公元第一个千年统治爪哇马打兰王国的古代爪哇王朝，弘扬印度教。", "id": "Dinasti Jawa kuno yang memerintah Kerajaan Mataram di Jawa selama milenium pertama M, mempromosikan agama Hindu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["history", "dynasty", "ancient", "hindu", "java", "mataram"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sanjaya-dynasty"}, {"id": "sanjaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Sanjaya Dynasty", "zh": "桑贾亚王朝", "id": "Dinasti Sanjaya"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram Kingdom in Central Java from the 8th to the 9th century — a Hindu dynasty that built the magnificent Prambanan temple complex, rivaled the Buddhist Shailendra dynasty, and left a lasting legacy of Javanese art, architecture, and culture that continues to define the spiritual landscape of Java.", "zh": "8至9世纪统治中爪哇马塔兰王国的古代爪哇王朝——一个建造了宏伟的普兰巴南寺庙群的印度教王朝，与佛教夏连特拉王朝相互竞争，并留下了至今仍在定义爪哇精神面貌的爪哇艺术、建筑和文化的持久遗产。", "id": "Sebuah dinasti Jawa kuno yang memerintah Kerajaan Mataram di Jawa Tengah dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-9 — sebuah dinasti Hindu yang membangun kompleks candi Prambanan yang megah, menjadi saingan dinasti Buddha Syailendra, dan meninggalkan warisan seni, arsitektur, dan budaya Jawa yang abadi yang terus mendefinisikan lanskap spiritual Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["dynasty", "hindu", "java", "mataram", "prambanan", "ancient", "sanjaya", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sanjaya"}, {"id": "shailendra-dynasty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Shailendra Dynasty", "zh": "夏连特拉王朝", "id": "Dinasti Syailendra"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Buddhist dynasty that ruled over Central Java from the 8th to the 9th century CE, renowned for constructing the Borobudur temple—the largest Buddhist monument in the world—and for shaping Javanese art, architecture, and religious life during one of the most brilliant periods of Javanese civilization.", "zh": "公元8至9世纪统治中爪哇的强大佛教王朝，以建造婆罗浮屠寺庙——世界上最大的佛教纪念碑——以及在爪哇文明最辉煌时期之一塑造爪哇艺术、建筑和宗教生活而闻名。", "id": "Sebuah dinasti Buddha yang kuat yang memerintah Jawa Tengah dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-9 M, terkenal karena membangun candi Borobudur—monumen Buddha terbesar di dunia—dan untuk membentuk seni, arsitektur, dan kehidupan religius Jawa selama salah satu periode paling gemilang peradaban Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["dynasty", "buddhist", "central-java", "borobudur", "ancient", "mahayana", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/shailendra-dynasty"}, {"id": "siak-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Siak Sultanate", "zh": "锡亚克苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Siak"}, "summary": {"en": "A sultanate in Riau, Sumatra, from the 18th to 20th centuries, known for its Malay culture, maritime trade, and resistance to Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "18至20世纪苏门答腊廖内的苏丹国，以马来文化、海上贸易和抵抗荷兰殖民主义闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan di Riau, Sumatra, dari abad ke-18 hingga ke-20, dikenal karena budaya Melayu, perdagangan maritim, dan perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "sumatra", "riau", "malay"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/siak-sultanate"}, {"id": "singhasari-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Singhasari Kingdom", "zh": "新柯沙里王国", "id": "Kerajaan Singhasari"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in East Java from 1222 to 1292, founded by Ken Arok and later ruled by Kertanegara, the predecessor of Majapahit.", "zh": "1222年至1292年位于东爪哇的爪哇印度教-佛教王国，由肯·阿罗克建立，后由克尔塔内加拉统治，是满者伯夷的前身。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Jawa di Jawa Timur dari 1222 hingga 1292, didirikan oleh Ken Arok dan kemudian diperintah oleh Kertanegara, pendahulu Majapahit."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "buddhist", "java", "singhasari"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/singhasari-kingdom"}, {"id": "singhasari", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Singhasari Kingdom", "zh": "新柯沙里王国", "id": "Kerajaan Singhasari"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom from 1222 to 1292, known as the direct predecessor of Majapahit.", "zh": "1222至1292年存在于爪哇岛的印度教-佛教王国，是满者伯夷帝国的直接前身。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu-Buddha Jawa dari 1222 hingga 1292, pendahulu langsung Majapahit."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "javanese", "hindu-buddhist", "singhasari"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/singhasari"}, {"id": "srivijaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Srivijaya Empire", "zh": "三佛齐帝国", "id": "Kerajaan Sriwijaya"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Buddhist maritime empire based in Sumatra that dominated Southeast Asian trade from the 7th to 13th centuries.", "zh": "公元7至13世纪以苏门答腊为基地的佛教海上帝国，掌控了马六甲海峡和巽他海峡的贸易。", "id": "Kerajaan maritim Buddha yang kuat berbasis di Sumatera yang mendominasi perdagangan Asia Tenggara dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-13."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 41, "tags": ["history", "empire", "buddhist", "maritime", "sumatra"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/srivijaya"}, {"id": "sumbawa kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Sumbawa Kingdom", "zh": "松巴哇王国", "id": "Kerajaan Sumbawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A kingdom on the island of Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands — a Hindu-Buddhist and later Islamic state, which flourished from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and played a key role in the spice and trade networks of eastern Indonesia.", "zh": "小巽他群岛松巴哇岛上的一个王国——一个印度教-佛教和后来的伊斯兰国家，从16世纪繁荣到19世纪，在印尼东部的香料和贸易网络中发挥了关键作用。", "id": "Kerajaan di pulau Sumbawa di Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara — negara Hindu-Buddha dan kemudian Islam, yang berkembang dari abad ke-16 hingga ke-19, dan memainkan peran kunci dalam jaringan rempah dan perdagangan Indonesia timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "sumbawa", "nusa-tenggara", "hindu-buddhist", "islamic-sultanate", "spice-trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sumbawa-kingdom"}, {"id": "sumbawa-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Sumbawa Kingdom", "zh": "松巴哇王国", "id": "Kerajaan Sumbawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A kingdom on the island of Sumbawa from the 17th to 19th centuries, known for its horse breeding and gold production.", "zh": "17至19世纪松巴哇岛的王国，以养马和黄金生产闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan di Pulau Sumbawa dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-19, dikenal karena peternakan kuda dan produksi emas."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sumbawa", "nusa-tenggara", "gold-trade"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sumbawa-kingdom"}, {"id": "sunda-kingdom", "module": "03_history", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sunda Kingdom", "zh": "巽他王国", "id": "Kerajaan Sunda"}, "summary": {"en": "A Hindu kingdom that existed in West Java from the 7th to the 16th century—known for its capital at Pakuan Pajajaran, its resistance to the Islamic Demak Sultanate, and its rich cultural and literary heritage.", "zh": "7世纪至16世纪存在于西爪哇的一个印度教王国——以其首都巴库安·帕查查兰、对伊斯兰淡目苏丹国的抵抗以及丰富的文化和文学遗产而闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan Hindu yang ada di Jawa Barat dari abad ke-7 hingga ke-16—dikenal dengan ibu kotanya di Pakuan Pajajaran, perlawanannya terhadap Kesultanan Demak Islam, dan warisan budaya serta sastra yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sunda", "west-java", "hindu", "ancient"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/sunda-kingdom"}, {"id": "surakarta sunanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Surakarta Sunanate", "zh": "梭罗苏南国", "id": "Kasunanan Surakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese kingdom that emerged from the division of the Mataram Sultanate in 1755 — a center of Javanese culture and tradition, and the seat of the Susuhunan (Sultan) of Surakarta, which remains a cultural and spiritual heart of Java.", "zh": "1755年马打蓝苏丹国分裂后诞生的爪哇王国——爪哇文化和传统的中心，也是苏拉卡尔塔苏苏胡南（苏丹）的所在地，至今仍是爪哇的文化和精神中心。", "id": "Kerajaan Jawa yang muncul dari pembagian Kesultanan Mataram pada tahun 1755 — pusat budaya dan tradisi Jawa, dan tempat kedudukan Susuhunan (Sultan) Surakarta, yang tetap menjadi jantung budaya dan spiritual Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["kingdom", "javanese", "central-java", "surakarta", "mataram"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/surakarta-sunanate"}, {"id": "surakarta-sunanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Surakarta Sunanate", "zh": "梭罗苏南国", "id": "Kasunanan Surakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese kingdom established in 1745 after the division of the Mataram Sultanate — a royal court in Surakarta (Solo) that became a center of Javanese culture, art, and tradition, preserving the legacy of Mataram and maintaining its cultural authority even after the Dutch colonial conquest.", "zh": "1745年马塔兰苏丹国分裂后建立的爪哇王国——梭罗（Solo）的皇家宫廷，成为爪哇文化、艺术和传统的中心，即使在荷兰殖民征服之后仍保持着其文化权威。", "id": "Sebuah kerajaan Jawa yang didirikan pada 1745 setelah pembagian Kesultanan Mataram — sebuah istana kerajaan di Surakarta (Solo) yang menjadi pusat budaya, seni, dan tradisi Jawa, melestarikan warisan Mataram dan mempertahankan otoritas budayanya bahkan setelah penaklukan kolonial Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["kingdom", "javanese", "surakarta", "mataram", "culture", "court", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/surakarta-sunanate"}, {"id": "tarumanegara", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Tarumanegara Kingdom", "zh": "塔鲁马尼加拉王国", "id": "Kerajaan Tarumanegara"}, "summary": {"en": "The oldest recorded kingdom in western Java, flourishing in the 5th century under King Purnawarman, known from seven stone inscriptions.", "zh": "西爪哇地区最早有文字记载的王国，5世纪在普尔纳瓦尔曼国王统治下繁荣，以七块石碑铭文闻名。", "id": "Kerajaan tertua yang tercatat di Jawa Barat, berkembang pada abad ke-5 di bawah Raja Purnawarman, dikenal dari tujuh prasasti batu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "ancient", "hindu", "buddhist", "java", "sundanese"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/tarumanegara"}, {"id": "ternate-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Ternate Sultanate", "zh": "特尔纳特苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Ternate"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful spice-producing sultanate in the Maluku Islands from the 15th to 20th centuries, rival of Tidore and key player in the spice trade.", "zh": "15至20世纪马鲁古群岛强大的香料生产苏丹国，蒂多雷的对手和香料贸易的关键参与者。", "id": "Kesultanan penghasil rempah-rempah yang kuat di Kepulauan Maluku dari abad ke-15 hingga ke-20, saingan Tidore dan pemain kunci dalam perdagangan rempah."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "spice-trade", "maluku", "ternate"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/ternate-sultanate"}, {"id": "tidore-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Tidore Sultanate", "zh": "蒂多雷苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Tidore"}, "summary": {"en": "A spice-producing sultanate in the Maluku Islands, historical rival of Ternate, known for its alliance with the Spanish and resistance to Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的香料生产苏丹国，特尔纳特的历史对手，以与西班牙结盟和抵抗荷兰殖民主义闻名。", "id": "Kesultanan penghasil rempah-rempah di Kepulauan Maluku, saingan historis Ternate, dikenal karena aliansinya dengan Spanyol dan perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["history", "kingdom", "sultanate", "spice-trade", "maluku", "tidore"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/tidore-sultanate"}, {"id": "wali-songo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Wali Songo (Nine Saints)", "zh": "瓦利松戈（九圣）", "id": "Wali Songo"}, "summary": {"en": "Nine Islamic saints who propagated Islam in Java during the 15th–16th centuries through cultural accommodation, intertwining Islamic teachings with local Hindu-Buddhist traditions.", "zh": "15–16世纪在爪哇传播伊斯兰教的九位圣人，通过文化适应策略将伊斯兰教义与当地印度教-佛教传统相融合。", "id": "Sembilan wali yang menyebarkan Islam di Jawa pada abad ke-15–16 melalui akomodasi budaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 44, "tags": ["figure", "islamic", "java", "wali-songo", "saints", "dakwah", "cultural-accommodation"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/wali-songo"}, {"id": "warmadewa-dynasty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Warmadewa Dynasty", "zh": "瓦马德瓦王朝", "id": "Dinasti Warmadewa"}, "summary": {"en": "The first historical dynasty of Bali, ruling from the 10th to the 14th century, during which the island was unified, Hinduism was consolidated, and the sacred Tirta Empul water temple was built—a period that laid the foundations of Balinese culture, religion, and kingship that endure to this day.", "zh": "巴厘岛第一个历史王朝，从10世纪到14世纪统治该岛，在此期间该岛被统一、印度教得到巩固，并建造了神圣的圣泉寺——这一时期奠定了延续至今的巴厘文化、宗教和王权基础。", "id": "Dinasti pertama yang tercatat di Bali, memerintah dari abad ke-10 hingga ke-14, di mana pulau ini disatukan, agama Hindu dikonsolidasikan, dan pura suci Tirta Empul dibangun—sebuah periode yang meletakkan fondasi budaya, agama, dan kerajaan Bali yang bertahan hingga hari ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["dynasty", "bali", "hindu", "ancient", "tirta-empul", "history", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/warmadewa-dynasty"}, {"id": "yogyakarta sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "kingdom", "name": {"en": "Yogyakarta Sultanate", "zh": "日惹苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Yogyakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese kingdom that emerged from the division of the Mataram Sultanate in 1755 — a center of Javanese culture and tradition, and the seat of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, which remains a cultural and spiritual heart of Java to this day.", "zh": "1755年马打蓝苏丹国分裂后诞生的爪哇王国——爪哇文化和传统的中心，也是日惹苏丹的所在地，至今仍是爪哇的文化和精神中心。", "id": "Kerajaan Jawa yang muncul dari pembagian Kesultanan Mataram pada tahun 1755 — pusat budaya dan tradisi Jawa, dan tempat kedudukan Sultan Yogyakarta, yang tetap menjadi jantung budaya dan spiritual Jawa hingga hari ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["kingdom", "javanese", "central-java", "yogyakarta", "mataram"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/yogyakarta-sultanate"}, {"id": "zheng-he-expedition", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Zheng He's Voyages", "zh": "郑和下西洋", "id": "Pelayaran Zheng He"}, "summary": {"en": "The seven maritime expeditions led by Admiral Zheng He of Ming China between 1405 and 1433, which reached Southeast Asia, India, and Africa.", "zh": "明朝郑和率领的七次远洋航行（1405-1433年），船队抵达东南亚、印度和非洲，促进了中国与印尼群岛之间的贸易、文化交流和伊斯兰传播。", "id": "Tujuh ekspedisi maritim yang dipimpin Laksamana Zheng He dari Dinasti Ming Tiongkok antara 1405 dan 1433."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "china", "zheng-he", "maritime", "diplomacy", "silk-road", "islam"], "url": "./library/03_history/ancient-kingdoms/zheng-he-expedition"}, {"id": "aceh-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Aceh War", "zh": "亚齐战争", "id": "Perang Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A long and brutal war from 1873 to 1904 between the Dutch and the Sultanate of Aceh, the longest and bloodiest conflict in Dutch colonial history.", "zh": "1873至1904年荷兰与亚齐苏丹国之间持续数十年的残酷战争，是荷属东印度殖民战争中最漫长、最血腥的一页。", "id": "Perang panjang dan brutal dari 1873 hingga 1904 antara Belanda dan Kesultanan Aceh."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["history", "war", "anti-colonial", "aceh", "sumatra", "longest-war"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/aceh-war"}, {"id": "amboyna-massacre", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Amboyna Massacre", "zh": "安汶大屠杀", "id": "Pembantaian Amboyna"}, "summary": {"en": "The 1623 execution of English merchants by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) on Ambon Island, consolidating VOC power in the Moluccas.", "zh": "1623年荷兰东印度公司（VOC）在安汶岛处决英国商人，巩固了其在摩鹿加群岛的权力。", "id": "Eksekusi pedagang Inggris oleh VOC di Pulau Ambon pada tahun 1623, mengkonsolidasikan kekuasaan VOC di Maluku."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["history", "voc", "ambon", "massacre", "british", "colonial", "spice-trade", "execution"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/amboyna-massacre"}, {"id": "banda-massacre", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Banda Massacre", "zh": "班达大屠杀", "id": "Pembantaian Banda"}, "summary": {"en": "The genocide of the Banda Islands' population by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1621 to secure a monopoly on the nutmeg trade.", "zh": "1621年荷兰东印度公司（VOC）为垄断肉豆蔻贸易而对班达群岛居民实施的种族灭绝。", "id": "Genosida terhadap penduduk Kepulauan Banda oleh VOC pada tahun 1621 untuk mengamankan monopoli perdagangan pala."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "genocide", "voc", "banda", "spice-trade", "massacre", "colonial", "violence"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/banda-massacre"}, {"id": "bantam-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Bantam War", "zh": "万丹战争", "id": "Perang Banten"}, "summary": {"en": "A protracted conflict (1656–1683) between the Sultanate of Bantam and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) — a war that ended with the VOC's conquest of Bantam, the fall of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, and the rise of a Dutch puppet regime in western Java.", "zh": "万丹苏丹国与荷兰东印度公司（VOC）之间旷日持久的战争（1656–1683）——这场战争以VOC征服万丹、苏丹阿庚·蒂尔塔亚萨倒台、以及荷属傀儡政权在西爪哇崛起而告终。", "id": "Konflik berkepanjangan (1656–1683) antara Kesultanan Banten dan VOC — perang yang berakhir dengan penaklukan Banten oleh VOC, jatuhnya Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, dan bangkitnya rezim boneka Belanda di Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["event", "war", "bantam", "banten", "voc", "java", "17th-century", "dutch-colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/bantam-war"}, {"id": "battle of batee Iliek", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Batee Iliek", "zh": "巴蒂伊利克战役", "id": "Pertempuran Batee Iliek"}, "summary": {"en": "The decisive battle of the Aceh War (February 3, 1901) — the fall of Batee Iliek, an impregnable fortress and spiritual center of Acehnese resistance, marked the beginning of the end for the Sultanate.", "zh": "亚齐战争的决定性战役（1901年2月3日）——巴蒂伊利克要塞的陷落，一个坚不可摧的堡垒和亚齐抵抗的精神中心，标志着苏丹国终结的开始。", "id": "Pertempuran penentu Perang Aceh (3 Februari 1901) — jatuhnya Batee Iliek, benteng yang tak tertembus dan pusat spiritual perlawanan Aceh, menandai awal dari akhir Kesultanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "battle", "aceh", "batee-iliek", "dutch-colonial", "1901", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/battle-of-batee-Iliek"}, {"id": "battle of samalanga", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Samalanga", "zh": "萨马兰加战役", "id": "Pertempuran Samalanga"}, "summary": {"en": "A major battle in the Aceh War (1878) — Acehnese forces defended the coastal stronghold of Samalanga against Dutch colonial troops, marking a key moment in the guerrilla resistance.", "zh": "亚齐战争中的一场重要战役（1878年）——亚齐军队保卫沿海要塞萨马兰加，抵抗荷兰殖民军，标志着游击抵抗的关键时刻。", "id": "Pertempuran besar dalam Perang Aceh (1878) — pasukan Aceh mempertahankan benteng pesisir Samalanga melawan pasukan kolonial Belanda, menandai momen penting dalam perlawanan gerilya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "battle", "aceh", "samalanga", "dutch-colonial", "1878", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/battle-of-samalanga"}, {"id": "british colonialism", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "British Colonialism in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的英国殖民统治", "id": "Kolonialisme Inggris di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The brief but consequential period of British rule in the Indonesian archipelago (1811–1816), during which Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles served as Lieutenant-Governor of Java—a period of administrative reform, the rediscovery of Borobudur, and the temporary interruption of Dutch colonial power that left a lasting impact on Javanese governance, archaeology, and economic policy.", "zh": "英国在印度尼西亚群岛短暂但影响深远的统治时期（1811–1816），在此期间托马斯·斯坦福·莱佛士爵士担任爪哇副总督——一个行政改革、重新发现婆罗浮屠和暂时中断荷兰殖民权力的时期，对爪哇的治理、考古学和经济政策留下了持久的影响。", "id": "Periode singkat namun penting pemerintahan Inggris di Nusantara (1811–1816), di mana Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles menjabat sebagai Letnan-Gubernur Jawa—periode reformasi administrasi, penemuan kembali Borobudur, dan interupsi sementara kekuasaan kolonial Belanda yang meninggalkan dampak abadi pada pemerintahan, arkeologi, dan kebijakan ekonomi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "british", "raffles", "borobudur", "interregnum", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/british-colonialism"}, {"id": "british-colonialism", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "British Colonialism in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的英国殖民统治", "id": "Kolonialisme Inggris di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The brief but consequential period of British rule in the Indonesian archipelago (1811–1816), during which Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles served as Lieutenant-Governor of Java—a period of administrative reform, the rediscovery of Borobudur, and the temporary interruption of Dutch colonial power that left a lasting impact on Javanese governance, archaeology, and economic policy.", "zh": "英国在印度尼西亚群岛短暂但影响深远的统治时期（1811–1816），在此期间托马斯·斯坦福·莱佛士爵士担任爪哇副总督——一个行政改革、重新发现婆罗浮屠和暂时中断荷兰殖民权力的时期，对爪哇的治理、考古学和经济政策留下了持久的影响。", "id": "Periode singkat namun penting pemerintahan Inggris di Nusantara (1811–1816), di mana Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles menjabat sebagai Letnan-Gubernur Jawa—periode reformasi administrasi, penemuan kembali Borobudur, dan interupsi sementara kekuasaan kolonial Belanda yang meninggalkan dampak abadi pada pemerintahan, arkeologi, dan kebijakan ekonomi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "british", "raffles", "borobudur", "interregnum", "napoleonic-wars", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/british-colonialism"}, {"id": "british-east-india-company", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "British East India Company", "zh": "英国东印度公司", "id": "Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris"}, "summary": {"en": "The British trading corporation that challenged the Dutch VOC in Southeast Asia, established a foothold in the archipelago during the Napoleonic Wars, and administered Java under Raffles from 1811 to 1816—an agent of British imperial expansion whose brief presence reshaped Javanese administration, re-discovered Borobudur, and left enduring marks on archaeology and governance.", "zh": "在东南亚挑战荷兰VOC的英国贸易公司，在拿破仑战争期间在群岛建立了立足点，并在1811年至1816年期间由莱佛士管理爪哇——英国帝国扩张的代理人，其短暂的存在重塑了爪哇的行政管理，重新发现了婆罗浮屠，并在考古学和治理上留下了持久的印记。", "id": "Perusahaan dagang Inggris yang menantang VOC Belanda di Asia Tenggara, mendirikan pijakan di Nusantara selama Perang Napoleon, dan mengelola Jawa di bawah Raffles dari 1811 hingga 1816—seorang agen ekspansi imperial Inggris yang kehadiran singkatnya membentuk kembali administrasi Jawa, menemukan kembali Borobudur, dan meninggalkan bekas abadi pada arkeologi dan tata kelola."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["organization", "british", "eic", "colonial", "trade", "raffles", "borobudur", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/british-east-india-company"}, {"id": "colonial-economy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Colonial Economy of the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的殖民经济", "id": "Ekonomi Kolonial Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The extractive economic system imposed by European colonial powers on the Indonesian archipelago—a system of forced cultivation, resource extraction, and trade monopolies that transformed the region into a supplier of raw materials for European industries, generating immense wealth for the Dutch and other colonial powers while impoverishing the indigenous population and structuring the archipelago's economy for centuries to come.", "zh": "欧洲殖民列强强加于印度尼西亚群岛的榨取型经济体系——一个强制种植、资源开采和贸易垄断的系统，将该地区转变为欧洲工业的原材料供应地，为荷兰及其他殖民列强创造了巨大财富，同时使土著居民陷入贫困，并在未来几个世纪里塑造了群岛的经济结构。", "id": "Sistem ekonomi ekstraktif yang dipaksakan oleh kekuatan kolonial Eropa pada Nusantara—sebuah sistem penanaman paksa, ekstraksi sumber daya, dan monopoli perdagangan yang mengubah wilayah ini menjadi pemasok bahan baku bagi industri Eropa, menghasilkan kekayaan besar bagi Belanda dan kekuatan kolonial lainnya sementara memiskinkan penduduk asli dan membentuk struktur ekonomi Nusantara selama berabad-abad mendatang."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["economy", "colonialism", "extraction", "trade", "cultivation-system", "voc", "spice-trade", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/colonial-economy"}, {"id": "colonial-era", "module": "03_history", "type": "overview", "name": {"en": "Colonial Era of the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛殖民时代", "id": "Era Kolonial di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of the colonial period in the Indonesian archipelago, spanning over four centuries from the arrival of the Portuguese in 1511 to the Japanese occupation in 1942—a transformative era that reshaped the region's political boundaries, economic systems, social structures, and cultural identities, leaving a complex legacy that continues to influence Indonesia's national consciousness, development trajectory, and international relations to this day.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛殖民时期的全面概览，从1511年葡萄牙人到来至1942年日本占领，跨越四个多世纪——这段变革时期重塑了该地区的政治边界、经济体系、社会结构和文化认同，留下的复杂遗产至今仍在影响印度尼西亚的民族意识、发展轨迹和国际关系。", "id": "Gambaran menyeluruh tentang periode kolonial di kepulauan Indonesia, membentang lebih dari empat abad dari kedatangan Portugis pada 1511 hingga pendudukan Jepang pada 1942—sebuah era transformatif yang membentuk semula batas politik, sistem ekonomi, struktur sosial, dan identitas budaya kawasan, meninggalkan warisan kompleks yang terus mempengaruhi kesedaran nasional, trajektori pembangunan, dan hubungan internasional Indonesia hingga hari ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["overview", "history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "dutch", "voc", "spice-trade", "cultivation-system"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/colonial-era"}, {"id": "cultivation-system", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Cultivation System", "zh": "强制种植制度", "id": "Cultuurstelsel"}, "summary": {"en": "A brutal Dutch colonial economic policy introduced in 1830 by Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch, requiring Javanese peasants to devote 20% of their land to cash crops for export to Europe—a system of forced labor that generated enormous profits for the Dutch but caused widespread famine, suffering, and an estimated 1 million deaths, becoming the most reviled symbol of colonial exploitation in Indonesian history.", "zh": "荷兰殖民者于1830年由总督约翰内斯·范·登·博斯引入的残酷经济政策，要求爪哇农民将其20%的土地用于种植出口欧洲的经济作物——一种强迫劳动制度，为荷兰带来了巨额利润，但造成了广泛的饥荒和苦难，估计有100万人死亡，成为印尼历史上最受谴责的殖民剥削象征。", "id": "Sebuah kebijakan ekonomi kolonial Belanda yang kejam yang diperkenalkan pada 1830 oleh Gubernur Jenderal Johannes van den Bosch, yang mewajibkan petani Jawa mencurahkan 20% dari tanah mereka untuk tanaman kontan untuk diekspor ke Eropa—sebuah sistem kerja paksa yang menghasilkan keuntungan besar bagi Belanda tetapi menyebabkan kelaparan dan penderitaan yang meluas, dengan perkiraan 1 juta kematian, menjadi simbol eksploitasi kolonial yang paling dibenci dalam sejarah Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "cultivation-system", "forced-labor", "famine", "exploitation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/cultivation-system"}, {"id": "diponegoro-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Java War (Diponegoro War)", "zh": "爪哇战争（迪波内戈罗战争）", "id": "Perang Jawa (Perang Diponegoro)"}, "summary": {"en": "A major anti-colonial war in Java from 1825 to 1830, led by Prince Diponegoro against the Dutch.", "zh": "1825至1830年爪哇岛爆发的大规模反殖民战争，由日惹王子迪波内戈罗领导，是印尼民族独立意识觉醒的重要里程碑。", "id": "Perang anti-kolonial besar di Jawa dari 1825 hingga 1830, dipimpin oleh Pangeran Diponegoro."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "war", "anti-colonial", "java", "diponegoro", "national-hero"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/diponegoro-war"}, {"id": "dutch-colonial-era", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Dutch Colonial Era in the Archipelago", "zh": "荷兰殖民时代（群岛时期）", "id": "Era Kolonial Belanda di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest and most transformative colonial period in Indonesian history, spanning over three centuries from the establishment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602 to the Japanese occupation in 1942—a period that reshaped the archipelago's political map, economic systems, social structures, and cultural identities, leaving a legacy that continues to influence Indonesia's national consciousness and development trajectory.", "zh": "印度尼西亚历史上最长、最具变革性的殖民时期，从1602年荷兰东印度公司（VOC）成立到1942年日本占领，跨越三个多世纪——这段时期重塑了群岛的政治版图、经济体系、社会结构和文化认同，留下的遗产至今仍在影响印度尼西亚的民族意识和发展轨迹。", "id": "Tempoh kolonial terpanjang dan paling transformatif dalam sejarah Indonesia, menjangkau lebih tiga abad dari penubuhan Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC) pada 1602 hingga pendudukan Jepun pada 1942—tempoh yang membentuk semula peta politik, sistem ekonomi, struktur sosial, dan identiti budaya kepulauan, meninggalkan warisan yang terus mempengaruhi kesedaran nasional dan trajektori pembangunan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 63, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "voc", "ethiopia", "cultivation-system", "ethical-policy", "national-awakening"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/dutch-colonial-era"}, {"id": "dutch-colonial", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-entity", "name": {"en": "Dutch Colonialism", "zh": "荷兰殖民主义", "id": "Kolonialisme Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "The system of colonial rule established by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and later the Dutch East Indies government over the Indonesian archipelago from the 17th to the 20th century, characterized by economic exploitation, political domination, and cultural suppression.", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司（VOC）及后来的荷属东印度政府在17至20世纪间对印度尼西亚群岛建立的殖民统治体系，以经济剥削、政治统治和文化压制为特征。", "id": "Sistem pemerintahan kolonial yang didirikan oleh Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) dan kemudian pemerintah Hindia Belanda atas kepulauan Nusantara dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-20, yang ditandai dengan eksploitasi ekonomi, dominasi politik, dan penindasan budaya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 103, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "voc", "exploitation", "resistance", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/dutch-colonial"}, {"id": "dutch-colonialism", "module": "03_history", "type": "history", "name": {"en": "Dutch Colonialism", "zh": "荷兰殖民主义", "id": "Kolonialisme Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "The system of political, economic, and cultural domination imposed by the Netherlands on the Indonesian archipelago for over three centuries — a regime of extraction, violence, and control that reshaped the region's boundaries, economy, and society, leaving a legacy that continues to shape Indonesia's national identity and development.", "zh": "荷兰在印度尼西亚群岛强加了三个多世纪的政治、经济和文化统治体系——一个榨取、暴力和控制的政权，重塑了该地区的边界、经济和社会，留下的遗产至今仍在塑造印度尼西亚的国家认同和发展。", "id": "Sistem dominasi politik, ekonomi, dan budaya yang dipaksakan oleh Belanda pada Nusantara selama lebih dari tiga abad — sebuah rezim ekstraksi, kekerasan, dan kontrol yang membentuk kembali batas, ekonomi, dan masyarakat wilayah ini, meninggalkan warisan yang terus membentuk identitas nasional dan pembangunan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "voc", "exploitation", "governance", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/dutch-colonialism"}, {"id": "dutch-east-india-company", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Dutch East India Company", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司", "id": "Syarikat Hindia Timur Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's first multinational corporation and the most powerful commercial enterprise of the 17th and 18th centuries—the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) was granted quasi-governmental powers by the Dutch state, enabling it to wage war, negotiate treaties, coin money, and establish colonies across the Malay Archipelago, laying the foundations of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia for over three centuries.", "zh": "世界上第一家跨国公司和17-18世纪最强大的商业企业——荷兰东印度公司（VOC）被荷兰政府授予准政府权力，使其能够发动战争、谈判条约、铸造货币并在马来群岛建立殖民地，为荷兰在印度尼西亚长达三个多世纪的殖民统治奠定了基础。", "id": "Syarikat multinasional pertama di dunia dan perusahaan komersial paling berkuasa pada abad ke-17 dan ke-18—Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) diberikan kuasa kuasi-kerajaan oleh negara Belanda, membolehkannya berperang, merundingkan perjanjian, mencetak wang, dan menubuhkan tanah jajahan di seluruh Kepulauan Melayu, meletakkan asas pemerintahan kolonial Belanda di Indonesia selama lebih tiga abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 35, "tags": ["organization", "colonial", "voc", "spice-trade", "monopoly", "batavia", "coen", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/dutch-east-india-company"}, {"id": "dutch-east-indies", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Dutch East Indies", "zh": "荷属东印度", "id": "Hindia Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "The colonial state established by the Netherlands across the Indonesian archipelago from the 17th to the 20th century—a vast territory that stretched from Sumatra to Papua, governed by the VOC and later the Dutch crown, whose administrative boundaries would become the foundation of the modern Republic of Indonesia.", "zh": "荷兰从17世纪到20世纪在印度尼西亚群岛建立的殖民国家——一个从苏门答腊延伸到巴布亚的广阔领土，由VOC和后来的荷兰王室统治，其行政边界将成为现代印度尼西亚共和国的基础。", "id": "Negara kolonial yang didirikan oleh Belanda di Nusantara dari abad ke-17 hingga ke-20—sebuah wilayah luas yang membentang dari Sumatra hingga Papua, diperintah oleh VOC dan kemudian mahkota Belanda, yang batas administratifnya akan menjadi fondasi Republik Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "voc", "governance", "territory", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/dutch-east-indies"}, {"id": "english-east-india-company", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "English East India Company", "zh": "英国东印度公司", "id": "Perusahaan Hindia Timur Inggris"}, "summary": {"en": "A British trading corporation that challenged the Dutch VOC in Southeast Asia, established a foothold in the archipelago during the Napoleonic Wars, and administered Java under Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles from 1811 to 1816 — an agent of British imperial expansion whose brief presence reshaped Javanese administration, re-discovered Borobudur, and left enduring marks on archaeology and governance.", "zh": "在东南亚挑战荷兰VOC的英国贸易公司，在拿破仑战争期间在群岛建立了立足点，并在1811年至1816年期间由托马斯·斯坦福·莱佛士爵士管理爪哇——英国帝国扩张的代理人，其短暂的存在重塑了爪哇的行政管理，重新发现了婆罗浮屠，并在考古学和治理上留下了持久的印记。", "id": "Sebuah perusahaan dagang Inggris yang menantang VOC Belanda di Asia Tenggara, mendirikan pijakan di Nusantara selama Perang Napoleon, dan mengelola Jawa di bawah Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles dari 1811 hingga 1816 — agen ekspansi imperial Inggris yang kehadiran singkatnya membentuk kembali administrasi Jawa, menemukan kembali Borobudur, dan meninggalkan bekas abadi pada arkeologi dan tata kelola."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["organization", "british", "eic", "colonial", "trade", "raffles", "borobudur", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/english-east-india-company"}, {"id": "ethical-policy", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Ethical Policy", "zh": "伦理政策", "id": "Politik Etis"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch colonial reform program introduced in 1901, professing a \"debt of honor\" to the Indonesian people—a policy that aimed to improve education, health, and economic conditions for the indigenous population, but whose unintended consequence was the creation of a new educated elite that would lead the Indonesian national awakening and ultimately demand independence.", "zh": "1901年引入的荷兰殖民改革计划，宣称对印尼人民负有“荣誉之债”——一项旨在改善土著居民教育、健康和经济状况的政策，但其意想不到的后果是创造了一个新的受教育精英阶层，他们将领导印尼民族觉醒并最终要求独立。", "id": "Sebuah program reformasi kolonial Belanda yang diperkenalkan pada 1901, yang mengaku \"hutang kehormatan\" kepada rakyat Indonesia—sebuah kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan, kesehatan, dan kondisi ekonomi bagi penduduk asli, tetapi konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkannya adalah penciptaan elit terdidik baru yang akan memimpin kebangkitan nasional Indonesia dan akhirnya menuntut kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "dutch", "ethical-policy", "education", "nationalism", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/ethical-policy"}, {"id": "fall of jayakarta", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Fall of Jayakarta", "zh": "雅加达陷落", "id": "Jatuhnya Jayakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "The 1619 conquest of Jayakarta by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under Jan Pieterszoon Coen — a brutal campaign that established Batavia as the VOC's Asian headquarters and marked the beginning of formal Dutch colonialism in the archipelago.", "zh": "1619年荷兰东印度公司（VOC）在扬·彼得斯佐恩·科恩指挥下征服雅加达——这场残酷的战役确立了巴达维亚作为VOC亚洲总部，标志着荷兰在群岛正式殖民的开始。", "id": "Penaklukan Jayakarta pada tahun 1619 oleh VOC di bawah Jan Pieterszoon Coen — kampanye brutal yang menjadikan Batavia sebagai markas besar VOC di Asia dan menandai awal kolonialisme Belanda formal di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "battle", "voc", "batavia", "jakarta", "colonial", "17th-century", "coen"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/fall-of-jayakarta"}, {"id": "fall-of-aceh", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Fall of Aceh", "zh": "亚齐的陷落", "id": "Jatuhnya Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "The final phase of the Aceh War (1903–1904) — the capture of Sultan Muhammad Da'ud Syah, the defeat of the last guerrilla resistance, and the end of Aceh's independence after more than three decades of war.", "zh": "亚齐战争的最后阶段（1903–1904年）——苏丹穆罕默德·达乌德·沙阿被俘，最后的游击抵抗被击败，亚齐在三十多年的战争后结束了独立。", "id": "Fase akhir Perang Aceh (1903–1904) — penangkapan Sultan Muhammad Da'ud Syah, kekalahan perlawanan gerilya terakhir, dan berakhirnya kemerdekaan Aceh setelah lebih dari tiga puluh tahun perang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "war", "aceh", "dutch-colonial", "1903", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/fall-of-aceh"}, {"id": "fall-of-jayakarta", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Fall of Jayakarta", "zh": "查雅加达陷落", "id": "Kejatuhan Jayakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "The 1619 conquest of the port city of Jayakarta by Dutch forces under Jan Pieterszoon Coen, who destroyed the city and built a new fortress-town named Batavia—an event that marked the beginning of Dutch colonial domination in Java and the birth of the city that would become Jakarta, the capital of modern Indonesia.", "zh": "1619年扬·彼得松·科恩率领荷兰军队征服港口城市查雅加达，他摧毁了这座城市并建立了一个名为巴达维亚的新堡垒城镇——这一事件标志着荷兰在爪哇殖民统治的开始，以及将成为现代印度尼西亚首都雅加达的城市的诞生。", "id": "Penaklukan 1619 atas kota pelabuhan Jayakarta oleh pasukan Belanda di bawah Jan Pieterszoon Coen, yang menghancurkan kota itu dan membangun kota benteng baru bernama Batavia—sebuah peristiwa yang menandai awal dominasi kolonial Belanda di Jawa dan kelahiran kota yang akan menjadi Jakarta, ibu kota Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["event", "colonial", "dutch", "voc", "batavia", "jakarta", "conquest", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/fall-of-jayakarta"}, {"id": "first-aceh-expedition", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "First Aceh Expedition", "zh": "第一次亚齐远征", "id": "Ekspedisi Aceh Pertama"}, "summary": {"en": "The Dutch colonial army's first military campaign against the Sultanate of Aceh (March–April 1873) — a disastrous expedition that ended in humiliating defeat, the death of General Köhler, and the realization that Aceh would not fall easily.", "zh": "荷兰殖民军对亚齐苏丹国的第一次军事远征（1873年3-4月）——一场灾难性的远征，以惨败、科勒将军阵亡告终，也让荷兰意识到亚齐并非轻易可征服之地。", "id": "Kampanye militer pertama Belanda melawan Kesultanan Aceh (Maret–April 1873) — ekspedisi bencana yang berakhir dengan kekalahan memalukan, gugurnya Jenderal Köhler, dan kesadaran bahwa Aceh tidak akan jatuh dengan mudah."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "war", "aceh", "sumatra", "dutch-colonial", "1873", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/first-aceh-expedition"}, {"id": "japanese-occupation", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Japanese Occupation of Indonesia", "zh": "日本占领印尼时期", "id": "Pendudukan Jepang di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The period of Japanese military occupation of the Dutch East Indies from 1942 to 1945, which ended Dutch colonial rule and inadvertently paved the way for Indonesian independence.", "zh": "1942年至1945年日本对荷属东印度的军事占领时期，结束了荷兰殖民统治，并在无意中为印度尼西亚的独立铺平了道路。", "id": "Periode pendudukan militer Jepang di Hindia Belanda dari 1942 hingga 1945."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 28, "tags": ["history", "japan", "occupation", "wwii", "independence", "colonialism"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/japanese-occupation"}, {"id": "java-war-1741-1743", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Java War (1741–1743)", "zh": "爪哇战争（1741–1743）", "id": "Perang Jawa (1741–1743)"}, "summary": {"en": "A two-year uprising (1741–1743) in Java — a joint Chinese-Javanese rebellion against the Dutch East India Company (VOC), triggered by the 1740 massacre of Chinese in Batavia and fueled by growing resentment of VOC exploitation.", "zh": "爪哇为期两年的起义（1741–1743）——一场由巴达维亚华人屠杀（1740年）引发、因VOC剥削日益加剧而燃烧的华人-爪哇联合反抗荷兰东印度公司的起义。", "id": "Pemberontakan dua tahun (1741–1743) di Jawa — pemberontakan gabungan Tionghoa-Jawa melawan VOC, dipicu oleh pembantaian orang Tionghoa di Batavia pada 1740 dan didorong oleh kebencian yang semakin besar terhadap eksploitasi VOC."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "rebellion", "chinese-diaspora", "javanese", "voc", "java", "18th-century", "dutch-colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/java-war-1741-1743"}, {"id": "makassar-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Makassar War", "zh": "望加锡战争", "id": "Perang Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "A four-year conflict (1666–1669) between the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Sultanate of Gowa — a war that shattered the last great maritime empire of eastern Indonesia and transferred control of the spice trade to the Dutch.", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司（VOC）与戈瓦苏丹国之间长达四年的冲突（1666–1669）——这场战争粉碎了印尼东部最后一个伟大的海洋帝国，将香料贸易的控制权转移至荷兰人手中。", "id": "Konflik empat tahun (1666–1669) antara VOC dan Kesultanan Gowa — perang yang menghancurkan kerajaan maritim besar terakhir di Indonesia timur dan mengalihkan kontrol perdagangan rempah kepada Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["event", "war", "voc", "gowa", "makassar", "sulawesi", "spice-trade", "17th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/makassar-war"}, {"id": "padri-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Padri War", "zh": "巴德里战争", "id": "Perang Padri"}, "summary": {"en": "A prolonged conflict (1821–1837) in West Sumatra between the Padri, a reformist Islamic movement, and the Adat, the traditional matrilineal ruling elite — a war that reshaped Minangkabau society, weakened the traditional power structure, and opened the door to full Dutch colonial control of the region.", "zh": "西苏门答腊的一场旷日持久的冲突（1821–1837），发生在改革派伊斯兰运动\"巴德里\"与传统母系统治精英\"阿达特\"之间——这场战争重塑了米南加保社会，削弱了传统权力结构，并为荷兰对该地区的完全殖民控制打开了大门。", "id": "Konflik berkepanjangan (1821–1837) di Sumatra Barat antara Padri, gerakan Islam reformis, dan Adat, elite penguasa matrilineal tradisional — perang yang mengubah masyarakat Minangkabau, melemahkan struktur kekuasaan tradisional, dan membuka pintu bagi kontrol kolonial Belanda penuh atas wilayah tersebut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["history", "event", "padri-war", "minangkabau", "sumatra", "islam", "colonialism", "dutch"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/padri-war"}, {"id": "plantation-system", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Plantation System", "zh": "种植园制度", "id": "Sistem Perkebunan"}, "summary": {"en": "A system of large-scale agricultural production introduced by European colonial powers in the Indonesian archipelago — a system that transformed the region into a supplier of cash crops for European markets, relying on forced labor, land appropriation, and the destruction of traditional agriculture, leaving a legacy of economic dependency and environmental degradation.", "zh": "欧洲殖民列强在印度尼西亚群岛引入的大规模农业生产体系——一个将该地区转变为欧洲市场经济作物供应地的体系，依赖强迫劳动、土地侵占和传统农业的破坏，留下了经济依赖和环境退化的遗产。", "id": "Sebuah sistem produksi pertanian skala besar yang diperkenalkan oleh kekuatan kolonial Eropa di Nusantara — sebuah sistem yang mengubah wilayah ini menjadi pemasok tanaman kontan untuk pasar Eropa, mengandalkan kerja paksa, perampasan tanah, dan penghancuran pertanian tradisional, meninggalkan warisan ketergantungan ekonomi dan degradasi lingkungan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "economy", "agriculture", "colonialism", "forced-labor", "extraction", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/plantation-system"}, {"id": "portuguese-colonial-era", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Portuguese Colonial Era in the Archipelago", "zh": "葡萄牙殖民时代（群岛时期）", "id": "Era Kolonial Portugis di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The first European colonial presence in the Indonesian archipelago, spanning from the 1511 conquest of Malacca to the 1641 Dutch takeover—a 130-year period that shattered the region's established trade networks, introduced Christianity and European military technology, and left a lasting linguistic and cultural imprint on the islands.", "zh": "欧洲在印度尼西亚群岛的第一个殖民时代，从1511年征服马六甲到1641年被荷兰取代——这130年期间打破了该地区既有的贸易网络，引入了基督教和欧洲军事技术，并在群岛上留下了持久的语言和文化印记。", "id": "Kehadiran kolonial Eropa pertama di kepulauan Indonesia, berlangsung dari penaklukan Melaka pada 1511 hingga pengambilalihan Belanda pada 1641—periode 130 tahun yang menghancurkan jaringan perdagangan yang telah mapan di wilayah tersebut, memperkenalkan agama Kristen dan teknologi militer Eropa, serta meninggalkan jejak linguistik dan budaya yang abadi di kepulauan ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "malacca", "spice-trade", "age-of-discovery", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-colonial-era"}, {"id": "portuguese-colonial", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Portuguese Colonial Era in the Archipelago", "zh": "葡萄牙殖民时代（群岛时期）", "id": "Era Kolonial Portugis di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The first European colonial presence in the Indonesian archipelago, spanning from the 1511 conquest of Malacca to the 1641 Dutch takeover—a 130-year period that shattered the region's established trade networks, introduced Christianity and European military technology, and left a lasting linguistic and cultural imprint on the islands.", "zh": "欧洲在印度尼西亚群岛的第一个殖民时代，从1511年征服马六甲到1641年被荷兰取代——这130年期间打破了该地区既有的贸易网络，引入了基督教和欧洲军事技术，并在群岛上留下了持久的语言和文化印记。", "id": "Kehadiran kolonial Eropa pertama di kepulauan Indonesia, berlangsung dari penaklukan Melaka pada 1511 hingga pengambilalihan Belanda pada 1641—periode 130 tahun yang menghancurkan jaringan perdagangan yang telah mapan di wilayah tersebut, memperkenalkan agama Kristen dan teknologi militer Eropa, serta meninggalkan jejak linguistik dan budaya yang abadi di kepulauan ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "malacca", "spice-trade", "age-of-discovery", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-colonial"}, {"id": "portuguese-east-indies", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Portuguese East Indies", "zh": "葡属东印度", "id": "Hindia Timur Portugis"}, "summary": {"en": "A term used to describe the network of Portuguese colonial possessions and trading posts in Southeast Asia, primarily in the Malay Archipelago, from the 16th to 20th centuries. Centered on the strategic port of Malacca (1511–1641) and later the valuable sandalwood island of Timor, it represented Portugal's ambitious but ultimately fragile attempt to dominate the spice trade and spread Christianity in the region.", "zh": "一个用于描述16至20世纪葡萄牙在东南亚，主要是马来群岛的殖民地和贸易站网络的术语。它以战略港口马六甲（1511–1641）和后来珍贵的檀香木岛屿帝汶为中心，代表了葡萄牙在该地区主导香料贸易和传播基督教的雄心勃勃但最终脆弱的尝试。", "id": "Istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan jaringan pos perdagangan dan wilayah jajahan Portugis di Asia Tenggara, terutama di Kepulauan Melayu, dari abad ke-16 hingga ke-20. Berpusat di pelabuhan strategis Melaka (1511–1641) dan kemudian pulau cendana yang berharga di Timor, ini mewakili upaya Portugis yang ambisius namun akhirnya rapuh untuk mendominasi perdagangan rempah dan menyebarkan agama Kristen di wilayah tersebut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "malacca", "timor", "spice-trade", "age-of-discovery", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-east-indies"}, {"id": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Portuguese Presence in Indonesia", "zh": "葡萄牙人在印尼", "id": "Kehadiran Portugis di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The period of Portuguese colonial presence in the Indonesian archipelago (1511–1663), marked by the capture of Malacca, the spice trade, and conflicts with local sultanates.", "zh": "葡萄牙在印尼群岛的殖民存在时期（1511–1663），以占领马六甲、香料贸易以及与当地苏丹国的冲突为标志。", "id": "Periode kehadiran kolonial Portugis di Nusantara (1511–1663), ditandai dengan perebutan Malaka, perdagangan rempah, dan konflik dengan kesultanan lokal."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "colonial", "portuguese", "spice-trade", "malacca", "16th-century", "17th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-in-indonesia"}, {"id": "portuguese-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Portuguese Colonialism in Indonesia", "zh": "葡萄牙在印尼的殖民统治", "id": "Kolonialisme Portugis di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The first European colonial presence in the Indonesian archipelago, spanning from the 1511 conquest of Malacca to the 1641 Dutch takeover — a period that shattered the region's established trade networks, introduced Christianity and European military technology, and left a lasting linguistic and cultural imprint on the islands.", "zh": "欧洲在印度尼西亚群岛的第一个殖民时代，从1511年征服马六甲到1641年被荷兰取代——这130年期间打破了该地区既有的贸易网络，引入了基督教和欧洲军事技术，并在群岛上留下了持久的语言和文化印记。", "id": "Kehadiran kolonial Eropa pertama di Nusantara, berlangsung dari penaklukan Melaka pada 1511 hingga pengambilalihan Belanda pada 1641 — periode 130 tahun yang menghancurkan jaringan perdagangan yang telah mapan di wilayah tersebut, memperkenalkan agama Kristen dan teknologi militer Eropa, serta meninggalkan jejak linguistik dan budaya yang abadi di kepulauan ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "malacca", "spice-trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-indonesia"}, {"id": "portuguese-malacca", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Portuguese Malacca", "zh": "葡属马六甲", "id": "Melaka Portugis"}, "summary": {"en": "The period of Portuguese rule over Malacca from 1511 to 1641 — a time when the city was transformed into a European-style fortress and a center of Portuguese trade and missionary activity in Asia, before it was conquered by the Dutch, marking the end of Portugal's colonial presence in the Malay Archipelago.", "zh": "1511年至1641年葡萄牙统治马六甲的时期——这座城市被转变为欧洲风格的堡垒和葡萄牙在亚洲贸易和传教活动的中心，后被荷兰征服，标志着葡萄牙在马来群岛殖民存在的结束。", "id": "Periode pemerintahan Portugis atas Melaka dari 1511 hingga 1641 — saat kota ini diubah menjadi benteng bergaya Eropa dan pusat perdagangan serta aktivitas misionaris Portugis di Asia, sebelum ditaklukkan oleh Belanda, menandai berakhirnya kehadiran kolonial Portugis di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "portuguese", "malacca", "trade", "fortress", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/portuguese-malacca"}, {"id": "second-aceh-expedition", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Second Aceh Expedition", "zh": "第二次亚齐远征", "id": "Ekspedisi Aceh Kedua"}, "summary": {"en": "The Dutch colonial army's second and successful campaign against Aceh (November 1873 – January 1874) — one of the largest expeditions in Dutch colonial history, culminating in the occupation of Banda Aceh and the death of the Sultan.", "zh": "荷兰殖民军对亚齐的第二次、也是成功的远征（1873年11月-1874年1月）——荷兰殖民史上规模最大的远征之一，以占领班达亚齐和苏丹之死告终。", "id": "Kampanye kedua dan berhasil Belanda melawan Aceh (November 1873 – Januari 1874) — salah satu ekspedisi terbesar dalam sejarah kolonial Belanda, yang berpuncak pada pendudukan Banda Aceh dan kematian Sultan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["event", "war", "aceh", "sumatra", "dutch-colonial", "1873", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/second-aceh-expedition"}, {"id": "teuku umar's rebellion", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Teuku Umar's Rebellion", "zh": "杜固·乌玛的背叛与回归", "id": "Pemberontakan Teuku Umar"}, "summary": {"en": "The extraordinary story of Teuku Umar (1854–1899) — an Acehnese guerrilla leader who \"defected\" to the Dutch, learned their tactics, then turned against them, becoming one of the most legendary figures of the Aceh War.", "zh": "杜固·乌玛（1854–1899）的非凡故事——一位亚齐游击领袖“叛逃”到荷兰一方，学习其战术，然后反戈一击，成为亚齐战争中最传奇的人物之一。", "id": "Kisah luar biasa Teuku Umar (1854–1899) — seorang pemimpin gerilya Aceh yang \"membelot\" ke Belanda, mempelajari taktik mereka, lalu berbalik melawan mereka, menjadi salah satu tokoh paling legendaris dalam Perang Aceh."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "war", "aceh", "teuku-umar", "guerrilla", "betrayal", "1883", "1899"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/teuku-umar's-rebellion"}, {"id": "treaty-of-bungaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Treaty of Bungaya", "zh": "本加亚条约", "id": "Perjanjian Bungaya"}, "summary": {"en": "A 1667 treaty between the Sultanate of Gowa and the Dutch East India Company (VOC), ending the Makassar War and establishing Dutch control over South Sulawesi — a treaty that marked the beginning of Dutch colonial influence in Sulawesi and the end of Gowa's independence.", "zh": "1667年戈瓦苏丹国与荷兰东印度公司（VOC）之间的条约，结束了马卡萨战争并确立了荷兰对南苏拉威西的控制——一项标志着荷兰殖民影响力在苏拉威西的开始和戈瓦独立终结的条约。", "id": "Sebuah perjanjian 1667 antara Kesultanan Gowa dan Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC), mengakhiri Perang Makassar dan menetapkan kendali Belanda atas Sulawesi Selatan — sebuah perjanjian yang menandai awal pengaruh kolonial Belanda di Sulawesi dan berakhirnya kemerdekaan Gowa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "treaty", "diplomacy", "voc", "sulawesi", "gowa", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/treaty-of-bungaya"}, {"id": "trunajaya-rebellion", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Trunajaya Rebellion", "zh": "特鲁诺乔约叛乱", "id": "Pemberontakan Trunajaya"}, "summary": {"en": "A six-year rebellion (1674–1680) in Java led by Trunajaya, a prince of Madura — a conflict that brought together Javanese, Madurese, Makassarese, and Chinese forces against the Mataram Sultanate and its VOC allies, reshaping the political landscape of Java.", "zh": "特鲁诺乔约领导的爪哇六年叛乱（1674–1680）——马都拉王子联合爪哇、马都拉、望加锡和华裔力量对抗马打蓝苏丹国及其VOC盟友，重塑了爪哇的政治格局。", "id": "Pemberontakan enam tahun (1674–1680) di Jawa yang dipimpin oleh Trunajaya, pangeran Madura — konflik yang menyatukan pasukan Jawa, Madura, Makassar, dan Tionghoa melawan Kesultanan Mataram dan sekutu VOC-nya, mengubah lanskap politik Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["event", "rebellion", "trunajaya", "java", "mataram", "voc", "madura", "17th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/trunajaya-rebellion"}, {"id": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Dutch Conquest and the Spice Wars", "zh": "荷兰入侵与香料战争", "id": "Penaklukan Belanda dan Perang Rempah"}, "summary": {"en": "The period of violent military conquest and colonial establishment by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Indonesian archipelago, driven by the pursuit of a monopoly on the lucrative spice trade.", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司（VOC）为垄断利润丰厚的香料贸易，在印尼群岛进行暴力军事征服和建立殖民统治的时期。", "id": "Periode penaklukan militer dan pendirian kolonial oleh VOC di Nusantara, didorong oleh upaya monopoli perdagangan rempah yang menguntungkan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "colonial", "voc", "spice-trade", "conquest", "violence", "genocide"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/voc-conquest-and-spice-wars"}, {"id": "voc", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "VOC (Dutch East India Company)", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司", "id": "VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie)"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's first multinational corporation, which colonized Indonesia for over 200 years.", "zh": "世界上第一家跨国公司，统治印尼超过200年，通过暴力垄断香料贸易深刻改变了印尼的政治格局和社会结构。", "id": "Perusahaan multinasional pertama di dunia yang menjajah Indonesia selama lebih dari 200 tahun."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 39, "tags": ["history", "colonial", "dutch", "voc", "trade", "spice"], "url": "./library/03_history/colonial-era/voc"}, {"id": "Surapati", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Surapati", "zh": "苏拉帕蒂", "id": "Surapati"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese national hero and rebel leader — a warrior who led a rebellion against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the late 17th century, becoming a symbol of resistance against colonialism.", "zh": "一位爪哇民族英雄和反叛领袖——一位在17世纪末领导反抗荷兰东印度公司（VOC）起义的战士，成为反抗殖民主义的象征。", "id": "Pahlawan nasional Jawa dan pemimpin pemberontak — prajurit yang memimpin pemberontakan melawan VOC pada akhir abad ke-17, menjadi simbol perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "rebel", "anti-colonial", "voc", "javanese"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/Surapati"}, {"id": "abdurrahman-wahid", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Abdurrahman Wahid", "zh": "阿卜杜拉赫曼·瓦希德", "id": "Abdurrahman Wahid"}, "summary": {"en": "The fourth President of Indonesia (1999–2001), better known as Gus Dur—a charismatic Islamic scholar, human rights advocate, and pluralist leader who championed democracy, minority rights, and interfaith dialogue, whose presidency marked the consolidation of Indonesia's democratic transition after the fall of Suharto.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第四任总统（1999–2001），更广为人知的名字是古斯·杜尔——一位富有魅力的伊斯兰学者、人权倡导者和多元主义领袖，倡导民主、少数群体权利和宗教间对话，其总统任期标志着苏哈托倒台后印尼民主转型的巩固。", "id": "Presiden keempat Indonesia (1999–2001), lebih dikenal sebagai Gus Dur—seorang ulama Islam yang karismatik, pembela hak asasi manusia, dan pemimpin pluralis yang memperjuangkan demokrasi, hak-hak minoritas, dan dialog antar-agama, yang masa kepresidenannya menandai konsolidasi transisi demokrasi Indonesia setelah jatuhnya Suharto."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "president", "islamic-scholar", "human-rights", "pluralism", "democracy", "nu", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/abdurrahman-wahid"}, {"id": "adam-malik", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Adam Malik", "zh": "亚当·马利克", "id": "Adam Malik"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and politician who served as the third Vice President of Indonesia (1978–1983)—a key figure in the independence movement, the founder of the Antara news agency, and a co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement.", "zh": "印尼著名记者、外交官和政治家，曾任印尼第三任副总统（1978–1983）——独立运动的关键人物，安塔拉通讯社创始人，不结盟运动的共同创始人之一。", "id": "Jurnalis, diplomat, dan politisi Indonesia terkemuka yang menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden Indonesia ketiga (1978–1983)—tokoh kunci dalam gerakan kemerdekaan, pendiri kantor berita Antara, dan salah satu pendiri Gerakan Non-Blok."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "figure", "vice-president", "diplomat", "journalist", "non-aligned-movement", "independence"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/adam-malik"}, {"id": "agus salim", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Agus Salim", "zh": "阿古斯·萨利姆", "id": "Agus Salim"}, "summary": {"en": "A towering figure of Indonesia's national awakening, known as the \"Grand Old Man\" of Indonesian diplomacy—a journalist, diplomat, and Islamic scholar who served as Indonesia's foreign minister from 1947 to 1949, whose mastery of multiple languages, sharp wit, and unwavering principles earned him the title of \"The Great Debater\" in the struggle for international recognition of Indonesian independence.", "zh": "印尼民族觉醒的巨擘，被称为印尼外交界的“元老”——一位记者、外交官和伊斯兰学者，在1947年至1949年期间担任印尼外交部长，其精通多种语言、敏锐机智和坚定原则为他在争取国际承认印尼独立的斗争中赢得了“伟大辩论家”的称号。", "id": "Seorang tokoh besar dalam kebangkitan nasional Indonesia, dikenal sebagai \"Orang Tua\" diplomasi Indonesia—seorang jurnalis, diplomat, dan ulama Islam yang menjabat sebagai menteri luar negeri Indonesia dari 1947 hingga 1949, yang penguasaan berbagai bahasa, kecerdasan tajam, dan prinsip yang teguh memberinya gelar \"Pendebat Hebat\" dalam perjuangan untuk pengakuan internasional atas kemerdekaan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "diplomat", "journalist", "islamic-scholar", "nationalism", "independence", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/agus-salim"}, {"id": "airlangga", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Airlangga", "zh": "爱尔朗加", "id": "Airlangga"}, "summary": {"en": "The 11th-century king of Kahuripan who reunified East Java after the fall of the Mataram Kingdom—a wise and just ruler, patron of the arts, and the first Javanese king to be deified in the form of the Hindu god Vishnu, whose reign marked a golden age of Javanese literature and temple-building.", "zh": "11世纪卡胡里潘国王，在马塔兰王国衰落后重新统一东爪哇——一位明智公正的统治者、艺术的庇护者，也是第一位以印度教毗湿奴神形式被神化的爪哇国王，其统治标志着爪哇文学和寺庙建筑的黄金时代。", "id": "Raja Kahuripan abad ke-11 yang menyatukan kembali Jawa Timur setelah jatuhnya Kerajaan Mataram—seorang penguasa yang bijaksana dan adil, pelindung seni, dan raja Jawa pertama yang didewakan dalam wujud dewa Hindu Wisnu, yang pemerintahannya menandai zaman keemasan sastra dan pembangunan candi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "king", "kahuripan", "hindu", "vishnu", "java", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/airlangga"}, {"id": "alfonzo-de-albuquerque", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Afonso de Albuquerque", "zh": "阿方索·德·阿尔布克尔克", "id": "Afonso de Albuquerque"}, "summary": {"en": "A Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman, known as the \"Caesar of the East,\" who as the second governor of Portuguese India (1509–1515) conquered Goa, Malacca, and Hormuz—establishing the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean and fundamentally reshaping the political and trade networks of the Malay-Indonesian world.", "zh": "葡萄牙将军、海军上将和政治家，被誉为“东方的凯撒”，作为葡属印度第二任总督（1509-1515），他征服了果阿、马六甲和霍尔木兹——建立了葡萄牙在印度洋的殖民帝国，从根本上重塑了马来-印度尼西亚世界的政治和贸易网络。", "id": "Seorang jeneral, laksamana, dan negarawan Portugis, dikenali sebagai \"Caesar dari Timur,\" yang sebagai gabenor kedua India Portugis (1509–1515) menakluki Goa, Melaka, dan Hormuz—menubuhkan empayar kolonial Portugis di Lautan Hindi dan secara fundamental membentuk semula rangkaian politik dan perdagangan dunia Melayu-Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["figure", "portuguese", "colonial", "conqueror", "malacca", "goa", "spice-trade", "age-of-discovery"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/alfonzo-de-albuquerque"}, {"id": "alfred-russel-wallace", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Alfred Russel Wallace", "zh": "阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士", "id": "Alfred Russel Wallace"}, "summary": {"en": "A British naturalist who, independently of Charles Darwin, conceived the theory of evolution by natural selection—a self-taught collector who spent eight years traversing the Malay Archipelago, mapping its islands, naming its species, and drawing a line that still divides the natural world.", "zh": "一位与查尔斯·达尔文各自独立构想出自然选择进化论的英国博物学家——一位自学成才的标本采集者，花了八年时间穿越马来群岛，绘制其岛屿地图，命名其物种，并画出了一条至今仍在划分自然世界的线。", "id": "Naturalis Inggris yang, secara independen dari Charles Darwin, merumuskan teori evolusi melalui seleksi alam—seorang kolektor otodidak yang menghabiskan delapan tahun menjelajahi Nusantara, memetakan pulau-pulaunya, menamai spesies-spesiesnya, dan menarik garis yang masih membagi dunia alami hingga hari ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "figure", "naturalist", "evolution", "wallace-line", "biogeography", "malay-archipelago", "19th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/alfred-russel-wallace"}, {"id": "amangkurat-i", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Amangkurat I", "zh": "阿莽古拉特一世", "id": "Amangkurat I"}, "summary": {"en": "The fourth sultan of the Mataram Sultanate (r. 1645–1677)—a ruthless and paranoid ruler who alienated his subjects and allies through brutality and betrayal, provoking the Trunajaya Rebellion that would destroy his kingdom and pave the way for Dutch colonial domination of Java.", "zh": "马塔兰苏丹国第四任苏丹（1645–1677年在位）——一位残忍而多疑的统治者，通过暴行和背叛疏远了臣民和盟友，引发了特鲁诺乔约叛乱，这场叛乱摧毁了他的王国，并为荷兰殖民统治爪哇铺平了道路。", "id": "Sultan keempat Kesultanan Mataram (r. 1645–1677)—seorang penguasa yang kejam dan paranoid yang mengasingkan rakyat dan sekutunya melalui kebrutalan dan pengkhianatan, memprovokasi Pemberontakan Trunajaya yang akan menghancurkan kerajaannya dan membuka jalan bagi dominasi kolonial Belanda di Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "mataram", "colonial", "rebellion", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/amangkurat-i"}, {"id": "amangkurat-ii", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Amangkurat II", "zh": "阿莽古拉特二世", "id": "Amangkurat II"}, "summary": {"en": "The fifth sultan of the Mataram Sultanate (r. 1677–1703)—a survivor who reclaimed his throne with Dutch military support, but in doing so ceded vast territories and sovereignty to the VOC, making Mataram a vassal state and accelerating the Dutch colonial grip on Java.", "zh": "马塔兰苏丹国第五任苏丹（1677–1703年在位）——一位幸存者，凭借荷兰军事支持夺回了王位，但在此过程中将大片领土和主权割让给VOC，使马塔兰成为附庸国，加速了荷兰对爪哇的殖民控制。", "id": "Sultan kelima Kesultanan Mataram (r. 1677–1703)—seorang yang selamat yang merebut kembali takhtanya dengan dukungan militer Belanda, tetapi dalam melakukannya menyerahkan wilayah luas dan kedaulatan kepada VOC, menjadikan Mataram sebagai negara vasal dan mempercepat cengkeraman kolonial Belanda di Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "mataram", "voc", "colonial", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/amangkurat-ii"}, {"id": "amangkurat-iii", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Amangkurat III", "zh": "阿莽古拉特三世", "id": "Amangkurat III"}, "summary": {"en": "The sixth sultan of the Mataram Sultanate (r. 1703–1704)—a ruler whose brief and turbulent reign was marked by civil war, Dutch intervention, and the final erosion of Javanese sovereignty, setting the stage for the complete Dutch colonization of Java under the VOC.", "zh": "马塔兰苏丹国第六任苏丹（1703–1704年在位）——一位统治短暂而动荡的统治者，其统治以内战、荷兰干预和爪哇主权的最终削弱为标志，为VOC完全殖民爪哇奠定了基础。", "id": "Sultan keenam Kesultanan Mataram (r. 1703–1704)—seorang penguasa yang masa pemerintahannya singkat dan penuh gejolak ditandai oleh perang saudara, campur tangan Belanda, dan erosi terakhir kedaulatan Jawa, menyiapkan panggung bagi kolonisasi Belanda sepenuhnya di Jawa di bawah VOC."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "mataram", "colonial", "civil-war", "voc", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/amangkurat-iii"}, {"id": "b.j. habibie", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "B.J. Habibie", "zh": "优素福·哈比比", "id": "B.J. Habibie"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's third president, who served from 1998 to 1999—an aircraft engineer who rose from Suharto's protégé to the nation's top office during the chaos of the Asian financial crisis, and who, in just 17 months, dismantled authoritarian controls, freed political prisoners, and offered East Timor a choice that led to its independence, becoming the unexpected father of Indonesian democracy.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第三任总统，任期为1998年至1999年——一位飞机工程师，在亚洲金融危机期间的混乱中从苏哈托的门生跃升为国家最高领导人，并在短短17个月内解除了专制控制、释放政治犯，并给予东帝汶选择权促使其独立，成为印尼民主意想不到的奠基者。", "id": "Presiden ketiga Indonesia, yang menjabat dari 1998 hingga 1999—seorang insinyur pesawat terbang yang naik dari anak didik Suharto ke posisi tertinggi negara selama kekacauan krisis keuangan Asia, dan dalam hanya 17 bulan, membongkar kontrol otoriter, membebaskan tahanan politik, dan menawarkan Timor Timur pilihan yang mengarah pada kemerdekaannya, menjadi bapak demokrasi Indonesia yang tak terduga."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "president", "habibie", "democracy", "reform", "aviation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/b.j.-habibie"}, {"id": "b.j.-habibie", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "B.J. Habibie", "zh": "优素福·哈比比", "id": "B.J. Habibie"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's third president, who served from 1998 to 1999—an aircraft engineer who rose from Suharto's protégé to the nation's top office during the chaos of the Asian financial crisis, and who, in just 17 months, dismantled authoritarian controls, freed political prisoners, and offered East Timor a choice that led to its independence, becoming the unexpected father of Indonesian democracy.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第三任总统，任期为1998年至1999年——一位飞机工程师，在亚洲金融危机期间的混乱中从苏哈托的门生跃升为国家最高领导人，并在短短17个月内解除了专制控制、释放政治犯，并给予东帝汶选择权促使其独立，成为印尼民主意想不到的奠基者。", "id": "Presiden ketiga Indonesia, yang menjabat dari 1998 hingga 1999—seorang insinyur pesawat terbang yang naik dari anak didik Suharto ke posisi tertinggi negara selama kekacauan krisis keuangan Asia, dan dalam hanya 17 bulan, membongkar kontrol otoriter, membebaskan tahanan politik, dan menawarkan Timor Timur pilihan yang mengarah pada kemerdekaannya, menjadi bapak demokrasi Indonesia yang tak terduga."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "president", "habibie", "democracy", "reform", "aviation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/b.j.-habibie"}, {"id": "bogor", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Imam Bonjol", "zh": "伊玛目·本佐尔", "id": "Imam Bonjol"}, "summary": {"en": "A Minangkabau religious leader and national hero who led the Padri War (1821–1837) against Dutch colonial forces in West Sumatra—a figure of Islamic resistance who fought for religious reform, defended his homeland, and became a symbol of the struggle against colonial oppression, dying in exile but never surrendering his faith or his principles.", "zh": "米南加保宗教领袖和民族英雄，在西苏门答腊领导了反对荷兰殖民军队的帕德里战争（1821–1837）——一位伊斯兰抵抗人物，为宗教改革而战，保卫家园，成为印尼反抗殖民压迫斗争中的象征，在流放中去世，但从未放弃自己的信仰或原则。", "id": "Seorang pemimpin agama Minangkabau dan pahlawan nasional yang memimpin Perang Padri (1821–1837) melawan pasukan kolonial Belanda di Sumatera Barat—seorang tokoh perlawanan Islam yang berjuang untuk reformasi agama, mempertahankan tanah airnya, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan melawan penindasan kolonial di Indonesia, meninggal dalam pengasingan tetapi tidak pernah menyerah pada iman atau prinsipnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "padri-war", "islam", "resistance", "minangkabau", "exile", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/bogor"}, {"id": "bung tomo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Bung Tomo", "zh": "邦·托莫", "id": "Bung Tomo"}, "summary": {"en": "The fiery orator and revolutionary leader who galvanized the people of Surabaya to resist British and Dutch forces during the Battle of Surabaya (November 1945)—a voice of the Indonesian revolution, whose impassioned radio speeches inspired the spirit of resistance and made him an enduring symbol of the nation's struggle for independence.", "zh": "在泗水战役（1945年11月）期间鼓舞泗水人民抵抗英国和荷兰军队的激情演说家和革命领袖——印尼革命的声音，其激情的广播演讲激发了抵抗精神，使他成为国家争取独立斗争的持久象征。", "id": "Orator berapi-api dan pemimpin revolusioner yang membangkitkan semangat rakyat Surabaya untuk melawan pasukan Inggris dan Belanda selama Pertempuran Surabaya (November 1945)—sebuah suara revolusi Indonesia, yang pidato radionya yang penuh semangat menginspirasi semangat perlawanan dan menjadikannya simbol abadi perjuangan bangsa untuk kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "surabaya", "revolution", "orator", "independence", "radio", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/bung-tomo"}, {"id": "conrad-van-deventer", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Conrad van Deventer", "zh": "康拉德·范·德文特", "id": "Conrad van Deventer"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch lawyer, politician, and colonial reformer whose writings on the \"debt of honor\" (*eereschuld*) that the Netherlands owed the Indonesian people became the intellectual foundation for the Ethical Policy of 1901—a figure whose ideas, though shaped by colonial assumptions, helped create the educational conditions for the Indonesian national awakening.", "zh": "荷兰律师、政治家和殖民改革者，其关于荷兰对印尼人民负有“荣誉之债”（*eereschuld*）的论述成为1901年伦理政策的思想基础——一个其思想虽受殖民假设影响，却帮助为印尼民族觉醒创造了教育条件的人物。", "id": "Seorang pengacara, politikus, dan pembaharu kolonial Belanda yang tulisannya tentang \"hutang kehormatan\" (*eereschuld*) yang dimiliki Belanda kepada rakyat Indonesia menjadi fondasi intelektual bagi Politik Etis 1901—seorang tokoh yang gagasannya, meskipun dibentuk oleh asumsi kolonial, membantu menciptakan kondisi pendidikan bagi kebangkitan nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "dutch", "ethical-policy", "reformer", "colonial", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/conrad-van-deventer"}, {"id": "cut-nyak-dhien", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Cut Nyak Dhien", "zh": "库特·尼亚克·迪恩", "id": "Cut Nyak Dhien"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary female leader of the Acehnese resistance during the Aceh War, who took up the fight after the death of her husband Teuku Umar—a widow, a mother, and a guerrilla commander who led Acehnese fighters in the name of jihad against Dutch colonial forces, becoming one of Indonesia's most revered national heroes and an enduring symbol of women's role in the struggle for independence.", "zh": "亚齐战争期间亚齐抵抗运动的传奇女性领袖，在丈夫特库·乌玛尔去世后接过了战斗——一位遗孀、一位母亲、一位游击指挥官，以圣战之名领导亚齐战士对抗荷兰殖民军队，成为印度尼西亚最受尊敬的民族英雄之一，也是女性在独立斗争中角色的持久象征。", "id": "Seorang pemimpin perempuan legendaris dari perlawanan Aceh selama Perang Aceh, yang mengambil alih perjuangan setelah kematian suaminya Teuku Umar—seorang janda, seorang ibu, dan seorang komandan gerilya yang memimpin pejuang Aceh atas nama jihad melawan pasukan kolonial Belanda, menjadi salah satu pahlawan nasional Indonesia yang paling dihormati dan simbol abadi peran perempuan dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "aceh", "resistance", "woman", "guerrilla", "jihad", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/cut-nyak-dhien"}, {"id": "daeng syahbandar", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Daeng Syahbandar", "zh": "达英·沙赫班达尔", "id": "Daeng Syahbandar"}, "summary": {"en": "A naval commander and national hero — a key figure in the Indonesian National Revolution who led naval operations against the Dutch and played a crucial role in the defense of Indonesia's maritime sovereignty.", "zh": "海军指挥官和民族英雄——印尼民族革命中的关键人物，领导了对抗荷兰的海军行动，在保卫印尼海上主权中发挥了关键作用。", "id": "Komandan angkatan laut dan pahlawan nasional — tokoh kunci dalam Revolusi Nasional Indonesia yang memimpin operasi laut melawan Belanda dan memainkan peran penting dalam mempertahankan kedaulatan maritim Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "military", "navy", "national-hero", "independence", "bugis"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/daeng-syahbandar"}, {"id": "diponegoro", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Prince Diponegoro", "zh": "蒂博尼哥罗", "id": "Pangeran Diponegoro"}, "summary": {"en": "The leader of the Java War (1825-1830), a prince who led the last major resistance against Dutch colonialism in Java — a figure whose spiritual vision and military leadership made him the most celebrated anti-colonial hero of the 19th century.", "zh": "爪哇战争（1825-1830）的领袖，一位领导了爪哇对荷兰殖民主义的最后一次重大抵抗的王子——其精神远见和军事领导力使他成为19世纪最受崇敬的反殖民英雄。", "id": "Pemimpin Perang Jawa (1825-1830), seorang pangeran yang memimpin perlawanan besar terakhir melawan kolonialisme Belanda di Jawa — tokoh yang visi spiritual dan kepemimpinan militernya menjadikannya pahlawan anti-kolonial paling terkenal di abad ke-19."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "figure", "diponegoro", "java-war", "resistance", "colonialism", "java", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/diponegoro"}, {"id": "douwes dekker", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Ernest Douwes Dekker", "zh": "欧内斯特·杜威斯·德克尔", "id": "Ernest Douwes Dekker"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering Indonesian nationalist and writer — one of the founders of the Indische Partij, a vocal critic of Dutch colonialism, and a key figure in the early Indonesian nationalist movement.", "zh": "一位先驱性的印尼民族主义者和作家——印度党的创始人之一，荷兰殖民主义的强烈批判者，早期印尼民族主义运动的关键人物。", "id": "Nasionalis dan penulis Indonesia perintis — salah satu pendiri Indische Partij, kritikus vokal kolonialisme Belanda, dan tokoh kunci dalam gerakan nasionalis Indonesia awal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "nationalist", "writer", "indische-partij", "anti-colonial", "early-movement"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/douwes-dekker"}, {"id": "douwes-dekker", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Eduard Douwes Dekker", "zh": "爱德华·道韦斯·德克尔", "id": "Eduard Douwes Dekker"}, "summary": {"en": "A former Dutch colonial official whose disillusionment with the exploitation of the Javanese people led him to write the novel *Max Havelaar* (1860) under the pen name Multatuli—a searing indictment of the Cultivation System that shook the Netherlands, ignited the Indonesian national awakening, and earned its author a place among the greatest writers in Dutch literature.", "zh": "一位前荷兰殖民官员，因对爪哇人民遭受剥削深感幻灭，以笔名穆尔塔图里（Multatuli）创作了小说《马格斯·哈弗拉尔》（1860年）——这部对强制种植制度的辛辣控诉震撼了荷兰，点燃了印尼的民族觉醒，并使其作者跻身荷兰文学最伟大作家之列。", "id": "Seorang mantan pejabat kolonial Belanda yang kekecewaannya terhadap eksploitasi rakyat Jawa mendorongnya menulis novel *Max Havelaar* (1860) dengan nama pena Multatuli—sebuah dakwaan tajam terhadap Sistem Tanaman yang mengguncang Belanda, membangkitkan kesadaran nasional Indonesia, dan mengantarkan penulisnya ke jajaran sastrawan terbesar Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "writer", "dutch", "colonial-critic", "max-havelaar", "cultivation-system", "nationalism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/douwes-dekker"}, {"id": "fatmawati", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Fatmawati", "zh": "法特玛瓦蒂", "id": "Fatmawati"}, "summary": {"en": "The first First Lady of Indonesia and a national heroine — the woman who sewed the first Indonesian flag flown at the Proclamation of Independence, a symbol of the nation's sovereignty and the role of women in the struggle.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第一任第一夫人和民族女英雄——在独立宣言中升起的第一面印尼国旗的缝制者，是国家主权的象征，也是妇女在斗争中角色的象征。", "id": "Ibu Negara pertama Indonesia dan pahlawan wanita nasional — wanita yang menjahit bendera Indonesia pertama yang dikibarkan pada Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, simbol kedaulatan bangsa dan peran perempuan dalam perjuangan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "women", "first-lady", "independence", "national-heroine"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/fatmawati"}, {"id": "faxian", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Faxian (Fa-Hsien)", "zh": "法显", "id": "Faxian"}, "summary": {"en": "A Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India and Sri Lanka (399–412 CE) and documented his journey, providing the earliest written account of Buddhist practice in Java.", "zh": "中国佛教僧人，曾前往印度和斯里兰卡求法（399–412年），并记录了他的旅程，提供了关于爪哇佛教实践的最早文字记载。", "id": "Biksu Buddha Tiongkok yang bepergian ke India dan Sri Lanka (399–412 M) dan mendokumentasikan perjalanannya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "buddhism", "china", "history", "explorer", "5th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/faxian"}, {"id": "figures-overview", "module": "03_history", "type": "overview", "name": {"en": "Historical Figures of the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛历史人物总览", "id": "Tokoh-Tokoh Sejarah Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive index of the key historical figures who have shaped the Indonesian archipelago—from ancient kings and sultans to colonial administrators, from nationalist revolutionaries to military strongmen, and from literary giants to religious reformers—a pantheon of characters whose lives and actions have defined the course of Indonesian history.", "zh": "塑造印度尼西亚群岛的关键历史人物的全面索引——从古代国王和苏丹到殖民管理者，从民族主义革命者到军事强人，从文学巨匠到宗教改革者——一个由人物构成的万神殿，他们的生活和行动定义了印度尼西亚历史的进程。", "id": "Indeks komprehensif tokoh-tokoh sejarah kunci yang telah membentuk kepulauan Indonesia—dari raja dan sultan kuno hingga administrator kolonial, dari revolusioner nasionalis hingga tokoh militer yang kuat, dan dari raksasa sastra hingga pembaharu agama—sebuah jajaran tokoh yang kehidupan dan tindakannya telah mendefinisikan jalannya sejarah Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 47, "tags": ["overview", "figures", "history", "biography", "nationalism", "colonialism", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/figures-overview"}, {"id": "gajah mada", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Gajah Mada", "zh": "加查·马达", "id": "Gajah Mada"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary prime minister of the Majapahit Empire (c. 14th century), renowned for his Palapa Oath—a vow to unite the entire Indonesian archipelago under Majapahit rule—a figure whose name has become synonymous with Indonesian unity, statesmanship, and the dream of a single nation stretching from Sumatra to Papua.", "zh": "满者伯夷帝国的传奇首相（约14世纪），以其帕拉帕誓言而闻名——誓言将整个印度尼西亚群岛统一在满者伯夷统治之下——一个名字已成为印尼团结、治国才能和从苏门答腊延伸到巴布亚的单一国家梦想的代名词的人物。", "id": "Perdana Menteri legendaris Kerajaan Majapahit (c. abad ke-14), terkenal karena Sumpah Palapa—sumpah untuk menyatukan seluruh Nusantara di bawah kekuasaan Majapahit—seorang tokoh yang namanya telah menjadi identik dengan persatuan Indonesia, kenegarawanan, dan impian satu bangsa yang membentang dari Sumatra hingga Papua."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["figure", "prime-minister", "majapahit", "unity", "palapa-oath", "statesman", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/gajah-mada"}, {"id": "gusti ngurah rai", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Gusti Ngurah Rai", "zh": "古斯蒂·努拉·赖", "id": "Gusti Ngurah Rai"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese military commander and national hero — a leader of the Republican forces in Bali during the National Revolution, who fought the Dutch with guerrilla tactics and died in the Puputan Badung.", "zh": "一位巴厘军事指挥官和民族英雄——民族革命期间巴厘共和国军的领导人，以游击战术对抗荷兰，在巴东普普坦中牺牲。", "id": "Komandan militer Bali dan pahlawan nasional — pemimpin pasukan Republik di Bali selama Revolusi Nasional, yang melawan Belanda dengan taktik gerilya dan gugur dalam Puputan Badung."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "military", "national-hero", "bali", "independence"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/gusti-ngurah-rai"}, {"id": "habibie", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "B.J. Habibie", "zh": "优素福·哈比比", "id": "B.J. Habibie"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's third president, who served from 1998 to 1999 — an aircraft engineer who rose from Suharto's protégé to the nation's top office during the chaos of the Asian financial crisis, and who, in just 17 months, dismantled authoritarian controls, freed political prisoners, and offered East Timor a choice that led to its independence, becoming the unexpected father of Indonesian democracy.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第三任总统，任期为1998年至1999年——一位飞机工程师，在亚洲金融危机期间的混乱中从苏哈托的门生跃升为国家最高领导人，并在短短17个月内解除了专制控制、释放政治犯，并给予东帝汶选择权促使其独立，成为印尼民主意想不到的奠基者。", "id": "Presiden ketiga Indonesia, yang menjabat dari 1998 hingga 1999 — seorang insinyur pesawat terbang yang naik dari anak didik Suharto ke posisi tertinggi negara selama kekacauan krisis keuangan Asia, dan dalam hanya 17 bulan, membongkar kontrol otoriter, membebaskan tahanan politik, dan menawarkan Timor Timur pilihan yang mengarah pada kemerdekaannya, menjadi bapak demokrasi Indonesia yang tak terduga."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "president", "habibie", "democracy", "reform", "aviation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/habibie"}, {"id": "hamengkubuwono-ix", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Hamengkubuwono IX", "zh": "哈孟库布沃诺九世", "id": "Hamengkubuwono IX"}, "summary": {"en": "The ninth Sultan of Yogyakarta (1940–1988) and a key figure in the Indonesian independence movement—a leader who supported the Republic during the National Revolution, served as Vice President, and is recognized as a National Hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "日惹第九任苏丹（1940–1988），印尼独立运动的关键人物——在民族革命期间支持共和国，曾任副总统，被认定为印尼民族英雄。", "id": "Sultan Yogyakarta kesembilan (1940–1988) dan tokoh kunci dalam gerakan kemerdekaan Indonesia—pemimpin yang mendukung Republik selama Revolusi Nasional, menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden, dan diakui sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "figure", "sultan", "yogyakarta", "independence", "national-hero"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/hamengkubuwono-ix"}, {"id": "hang-jebat", "module": "03_history", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Hang Jebat", "zh": "杭·惹拔", "id": "Hang Jebat"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary rebel warrior of the Malacca Sultanate, who challenged the Sultan's injustice and fought his former friend Hang Tuah in a duel of loyalty versus justice.", "zh": "马六甲苏丹国的传奇反叛武士，挑战苏丹的不公，与昔日挚友杭·杜亚在忠诚与正义的决斗中对峙。", "id": "Pendekar pemberontak legendaris dari Kesultanan Malaka, yang menantang ketidakadilan Sultan dan bertarung melawan sahabatnya Hang Tuah dalam duel loyalitas versus keadilan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["legendary-figure", "malay", "malacca-sultanate", "rebel", "hero", "figure"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/hang-jebat"}, {"id": "hang-tuah", "module": "03_history", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Hang Tuah", "zh": "杭·杜亚", "id": "Hang Tuah"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary 15th-century Malay warrior of the Malacca Sultanate, celebrated as the perfect loyalist. His story is recorded in the Sejarah Melayu and the Hikayat Hang Tuah.", "zh": "15世纪马六甲苏丹国的传奇马来武士，被誉为完美忠臣。其故事记载于《马来纪年》和《杭·杜亚传》中。", "id": "Pendekar legendaris Melayu abad ke-15 dari Kesultanan Malaka, dirayakan sebagai loyalis sempurna. Kisahnya tercatat dalam Sejarah Melayu dan Hikayat Hang Tuah."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["legendary-figure", "malay", "malacca-sultanate", "islamization", "hero", "literature"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/hang-tuah"}, {"id": "hatta", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mohammad Hatta", "zh": "穆罕默德·哈达", "id": "Mohammad Hatta"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Vice President of Indonesia, who proclaimed independence alongside Sukarno and served as a key architect of the Indonesian nation's economic and political foundations.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第一任副总统，与苏加诺共同宣布独立，是印尼国家经济与政治基础的关键设计者。", "id": "Wakil Presiden pertama Indonesia yang memproklamasikan kemerdekaan bersama Sukarno dan merancang fondasi ekonomi dan politik bangsa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 58, "tags": ["figure", "vice-president", "hatta", "independence", "nationalism", "economist", "20th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/hatta"}, {"id": "hayam-wuruk", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Hayam Wuruk", "zh": "哈亚姆·乌鲁克", "id": "Hayam Wuruk"}, "summary": {"en": "The fourth king of Majapahit, reigning from 1350 to 1389—under his rule, the empire reached its golden age, expanding across the archipelago and becoming a center of Javanese culture and power.", "zh": "满者伯夷的第四位国王，1350年至1389年在位——在他的统治下，帝国达到了黄金时代，扩张至整个群岛，成为爪哇文化和权力的中心。", "id": "Raja Majapahit keempat, memerintah dari 1350 hingga 1389—di bawah pemerintahannya, kerajaan mencapai zaman keemasan, meluas ke seluruh Nusantara dan menjadi pusat budaya dan kekuasaan Jawa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "figure", "king", "majapahit", "golden-age", "java", "javanese"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/hayam-wuruk"}, {"id": "ibn-battuta", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Ibn Battuta", "zh": "伊本·白图泰", "id": "Ibnu Battuta"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century Moroccan traveler and scholar whose 30-year journey across the Islamic world brought him to the shores of the Malay Archipelago, where he visited Sumatra and witnessed the rich cultures, flourishing trade, and Islamic kingdoms of the region — one of the few pre-modern travelers to leave a written account of the Nusantara world.", "zh": "14世纪的摩洛哥旅行家和学者，其长达30年的伊斯兰世界之旅将他带到了马来群岛的海岸，他访问了苏门答腊，见证了该地区丰富的文化、繁荣的贸易和伊斯兰王国——少数几个留下关于努山塔拉世界文字记载的前现代旅行者之一。", "id": "Seorang musafir dan cendekiawan Maroko abad ke-14 yang perjalanannya selama 30 tahun melintasi dunia Islam membawanya ke pesisir Nusantara, di mana ia mengunjungi Sumatra dan menyaksikan budaya yang kaya, perdagangan yang berkembang, dan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam di wilayah ini — salah satu dari sedikit musafir pra-modern yang meninggalkan catatan tertulis tentang dunia Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "traveler", "scholar", "moroccan", "sumatra", "malay-archipelago", "medieval", "islam"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/ibn-battuta"}, {"id": "iskandar-muda", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Iskandar Muda", "zh": "依斯干达·慕达", "id": "Iskandar Muda"}, "summary": {"en": "The greatest Sultan of the Aceh Sultanate (r. 1607–1636), who expanded Aceh's territory to its peak, defeated Portuguese and Dutch forces, and established Aceh as the most powerful maritime state in western Indonesia.", "zh": "亚齐苏丹国最伟大的苏丹（1607-1636年在位），将亚齐领土扩张至巅峰，击败葡萄牙和荷兰军队，使亚齐成为印尼西部最强大的海上国家。", "id": "Sultan terbesar Kesultanan Aceh (r. 1607–1636), yang memperluas wilayah Aceh ke puncaknya, mengalahkan pasukan Portugis dan Belanda, dan menjadikan Aceh sebagai negara maritim terkuat di Indonesia bagian barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["historical-figure", "sultan", "aceh", "islamization", "anti-colonial", "malay"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/iskandar-muda"}, {"id": "jan-pieterszoon-coen", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Jan Pieterszoon Coen", "zh": "扬·彼得松·库恩", "id": "Jan Pieterszoon Coen"}, "summary": {"en": "Governor-General of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) who ordered the genocide of the Bandanese people and founded Batavia (Jakarta) as the capital of Dutch Asia.", "zh": "荷兰东印度公司（VOC）总督，下令对班达人实施种族灭绝，并建立了巴达维亚（雅加达）作为荷兰亚洲的首府。", "id": "Gubernur Jenderal VOC yang memerintahkan genosida terhadap penduduk Banda dan mendirikan Batavia (Jakarta) sebagai ibu kota Asia Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["figure", "history", "voc", "colonial", "genocidaire", "batavia", "banda", "17th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/jan-pieterszoon-coen"}, {"id": "jan-van-swieten", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Jan van Swieten", "zh": "扬·范·斯维滕", "id": "Jan van Swieten"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch colonial administrator and general who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1682 to 1685 — a military commander who consolidated Dutch power in Java, suppressed rebellions, and strengthened the VOC's control over the region.", "zh": "一位荷兰殖民行政官和将军，于1682年至1685年担任荷属东印度总督——一位巩固荷兰在爪哇权力、镇压叛乱并加强VOC对该地区控制的军事指挥官。", "id": "Seorang administrator kolonial dan jenderal Belanda yang menjabat sebagai Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Timur Belanda dari 1682 hingga 1685 — seorang komandan militer yang mengkonsolidasikan kekuasaan Belanda di Jawa, menekan pemberontakan, dan memperkuat kendali VOC atas wilayah tersebut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "dutch", "colonial", "governor-general", "voc", "java", "military", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/jan-van-swieten"}, {"id": "jayabhaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Jayabhaya", "zh": "查耶巴雅", "id": "Jayabhaya"}, "summary": {"en": "A 12th-century king of the Kediri Kingdom in East Java, remembered as a wise and powerful ruler whose reign marked a golden age of Javanese literature and culture — associated with the famous prophecy of a white race from the south that would rule Java for a time, and a golden age that would later return.", "zh": "12世纪东爪哇谏义里王国的国王，被铭记为一位明智而强大的统治者，其统治标志着爪哇文学和文化的黄金时代——与一个著名的预言相关联：来自南方的白色种族将统治爪哇一段时间，而黄金时代将在之后回归。", "id": "Seorang raja Kerajaan Kediri di Jawa Timur pada abad ke-12, dikenang sebagai penguasa yang bijaksana dan kuat yang pemerintahannya menandai zaman keemasan sastra dan budaya Jawa — terkait dengan ramalan terkenal tentang ras putih dari selatan yang akan memerintah Jawa untuk sementara waktu, dan zaman keemasan yang akan kembali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "king", "kediri", "prophecy", "javanese", "golden-age", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/jayabhaya"}, {"id": "jb-van-heutsz", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "J.B. van Heutsz", "zh": "J.B. 范·霍茨", "id": "J.B. van Heutsz"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch military commander and colonial administrator who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1904 to 1909 — best known for his role in the final suppression of the Aceh War, a campaign that brought the Acehnese resistance to an end and solidified Dutch control over northern Sumatra.", "zh": "一位荷兰军事指挥官和殖民行政官，于1904年至1909年担任荷属东印度总督——以其在最终镇压亚齐战争中的角色而闻名，这场战役结束了亚齐的抵抗并巩固了荷兰对苏门答腊北部的控制。", "id": "Seorang komandan militer dan administrator kolonial Belanda yang menjabat sebagai Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Timur Belanda dari 1904 hingga 1909 — terkenal karena perannya dalam penekanan terakhir Perang Aceh, sebuah kampanye yang mengakhiri perlawanan Aceh dan memperkuat kendali Belanda atas Sumatra utara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "dutch", "colonial", "governor-general", "aceh", "military", "commander", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/jb-van-heutsz"}, {"id": "jhr-kohler", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "J.H.R. Köhler", "zh": "约翰·哈门·鲁道夫·科勒", "id": "J.H.R. Köhler"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch military general who led the first Dutch expedition against Aceh in 1873 — a commander whose death at the Battle of Batee Iliek marked a humiliating defeat for the Dutch colonial army and became a symbol of Acehnese resistance, proving that the war would not be won quickly.", "zh": "一位于1873年率领第一次荷兰远征对抗亚齐的荷兰军事将军——一位在巴蒂伊利克战役中阵亡的指挥官，他的死亡标志着荷兰殖民军的耻辱性失败，并成为亚齐抵抗的象征，证明了战争不会很快获胜。", "id": "Seorang jenderal militer Belanda yang memimpin ekspedisi Belanda pertama melawan Aceh pada 1873 — seorang komandan yang kematiannya dalam Pertempuran Batee Iliek menandai kekalahan memalukan bagi tentara kolonial Belanda dan menjadi simbol perlawanan Aceh, membuktikan bahwa perang tidak akan dimenangkan dengan cepat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "military", "dutch", "aceh", "general", "war", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/jhr-kohler"}, {"id": "joko-widodo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Joko Widodo", "zh": "佐科·维多多", "id": "Joko Widodo"}, "summary": {"en": "The seventh president of Indonesia (2014–2024), a former furniture businessman and mayor of Surakarta, who became the first president from outside the political elite, known for his infrastructure development, pragmatic governance, and the historic decision to relocate Indonesia's capital to Nusantara.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第七任总统（2014–2024），前家具商人和梭罗市长，成为第一位来自政治精英之外的总统，以其基础设施建设、务实治理和将印尼首都迁至努桑塔拉的历史性决定而闻名。", "id": "Presiden ketujuh Indonesia (2014–2024), mantan pengusaha mebel dan walikota Surakarta, yang menjadi presiden pertama dari luar elit politik, dikenal karena pembangunan infrastruktur, pemerintahan pragmatis, dan keputusan bersejarah untuk memindahkan ibu kota Indonesia ke Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "president", "modern", "infrastructure", "nusantara", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/joko-widodo"}, {"id": "kartini", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Raden Ajeng Kartini", "zh": "卡蒂尼", "id": "R.A. Kartini"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese noblewoman and pioneer of women's rights in Indonesia—advocated for education for women and wrote extensively about the struggle for emancipation, recognized as a National Hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "一位爪哇贵族妇女和印尼妇女权利的先驱——倡导女性教育并广泛书写关于解放的斗争，被认定为印尼民族英雄。", "id": "Wanita bangsawan Jawa dan pelopor hak-hak perempuan di Indonesia—mengadvokasi pendidikan bagi perempuan dan menulis secara luas tentang perjuangan emansipasi, diakui sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "figure", "women", "education", "emancipation", "national-hero"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/kartini"}, {"id": "ken-arok", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Ken Arok", "zh": "肯·阿罗克", "id": "Ken Arok"}, "summary": {"en": "The founder of the Singhasari Kingdom in 13th-century East Java — a figure of humble origins who rose to power through ambition, cunning, and force, establishing a dynasty that would produce the greatest kings of Java and lay the foundations for the Majapahit Empire.", "zh": "13世纪东爪哇新柯沙里王国的建立者——一个出身卑微的人物，通过野心、狡猾和武力崛起掌权，建立了一个将产生爪哇最伟大国王并为满者伯夷帝国奠定基础的王朝。", "id": "Pendiri Kerajaan Singhasari di Jawa Timur pada abad ke-13 — seorang tokoh berasal dari latar belakang sederhana yang naik ke tampuk kekuasaan melalui ambisi, kelicikan, dan kekerasan, mendirikan dinasti yang akan menghasilkan raja-raja terbesar Jawa dan meletakkan dasar bagi Kerajaan Majapahit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "king", "singhasari", "founder", "javanese", "dynasty", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/ken-arok"}, {"id": "ki hajar dewantara", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Ki Hajar Dewantara", "zh": "基·哈贾尔·德万塔拉", "id": "Ki Hajar Dewantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneer of Indonesian education and a national hero — the founder of the Taman Siswa school system, who championed education for all Indonesians regardless of class or gender, and whose pedagogical philosophy remains foundational to Indonesian education.", "zh": "印度尼西亚教育的先驱和民族英雄——塔曼·西斯瓦学校体系的创始人，倡导所有印尼人不论阶级或性别都应接受教育，其教育哲学至今仍是印尼教育的基础。", "id": "Pelopor pendidikan Indonesia dan pahlawan nasional — pendiri sistem sekolah Taman Siswa, yang memperjuangkan pendidikan bagi semua orang Indonesia tanpa memandang kelas atau jenis kelamin, dan filosofi pedagoginya tetap menjadi fondasi pendidikan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "education", "national-hero", "independence", "javanese"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/ki-hajar-dewantara"}, {"id": "ki-hajar-dewantara", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Ki Hajar Dewantara", "zh": "基·哈贾尔·德万塔拉", "id": "Ki Hajar Dewantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent Indonesian independence activist, educator, and founder of the Taman Siswa school system—known for his slogan \"Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha\" (The leader should set an example), he is a National Hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "印尼著名独立活动家、教育家和塔曼西斯瓦学校教育体系创始人——以其座右铭“Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha”（领袖应树立榜样）而闻名，是印尼民族英雄。", "id": "Aktivis kemerdekaan Indonesia, pendidik, dan pendiri sistem sekolah Taman Siswa—dikenal dengan semboyannya \"Ing Ngarsa Sung Tuladha,\" ia adalah Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "figure", "education", "independence", "national-hero"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/ki-hajar-dewantara"}, {"id": "kudungga", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Kudungga", "zh": "库东加", "id": "Kudungga"}, "summary": {"en": "A ruler of the Kutai Kingdom in East Kalimantan during the 4th–5th century — one of the earliest known kings in Indonesian history, whose descendants, including his grandson Mulawarman, would establish the first Hindu kingdom in the archipelago, as recorded in the Yupa inscriptions.", "zh": "4–5世纪东加里曼丹库泰王国的统治者——印尼历史上已知最早的国王之一，其后裔（包括其孙子穆拉瓦尔曼）将建立群岛第一个印度教王国，正如Yupa碑铭所记载。", "id": "Seorang penguasa Kerajaan Kutai di Kalimantan Timur pada abad ke-4–5 — salah satu raja paling awal yang diketahui dalam sejarah Indonesia, yang keturunannya, termasuk cucunya Mulawarman, akan mendirikan kerajaan Hindu pertama di Nusantara, seperti tercatat dalam prasasti Yupa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "king", "ancient", "kutai", "hindu", "kalimantan", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/kudungga"}, {"id": "marco-polo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Marco Polo", "zh": "马可·波罗", "id": "Marco Polo"}, "summary": {"en": "A 13th-century Venetian merchant and explorer whose travels across Asia, recorded in *The Travels of Marco Polo*, brought the wonders of the East to Europe — including the first European account of the Malay Archipelago, describing the region's wealth, spices, and kingdoms, sparking European interest in the trade routes of the East.", "zh": "13世纪的威尼斯商人和探险家，其穿越亚洲的旅行被记录在《马可·波罗游记》中，将东方的奇观带到了欧洲——包括欧洲人对马来群岛的第一次描述，记载了该地区的财富、香料和王国，激发了欧洲对东方贸易路线的兴趣。", "id": "Seorang pedagang dan penjelajah Venesia abad ke-13 yang perjalanannya melintasi Asia, tercatat dalam *Perjalanan Marco Polo*, membawa keajaiban Timur ke Eropa — termasuk catatan Eropa pertama tentang Nusantara, menggambarkan kekayaan, rempah-rempah, dan kerajaan wilayah ini, memicu minat Eropa terhadap jalur perdagangan Timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "explorer", "venetian", "traveler", "medieval", "asia", "malay-archipelago", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/marco-polo"}, {"id": "maria walanda maramis", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Maria Walanda Maramis", "zh": "玛丽亚·瓦兰达·马拉米斯", "id": "Maria Walanda Maramis"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering women's rights activist and national hero from Minahasa — the founder of the PIKAT organization, which championed women's education and political participation in the early 20th century.", "zh": "来自米纳哈萨的先驱女性权利活动家和民族英雄——PIKAT组织的创始人，该组织在20世纪初倡导妇女教育和政治参与。", "id": "Aktivis hak-hak perempuan perintis dan pahlawan nasional dari Minahasa — pendiri organisasi PIKAT, yang memperjuangkan pendidikan perempuan dan partisipasi politik di awal abad ke-20."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "women", "education", "activist", "national-hero", "minahasa"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/maria-walanda-maramis"}, {"id": "megawati-sukarnoputri", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Megawati Sukarnoputri", "zh": "梅加瓦蒂·苏加诺普特丽", "id": "Megawati Sukarnoputri"}, "summary": {"en": "The fifth President of Indonesia (2001–2004), daughter of founding father Sukarno, and the first woman to lead the world's largest Muslim-majority nation—a figure whose presidency marked the consolidation of Indonesian democracy after the fall of Suharto and whose political career has been defined by her role as the chairwoman of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P).", "zh": "印度尼西亚第五任总统（2001–2004），建国之父苏加诺之女，也是领导世界上最大穆斯林国家的第一位女性——其总统任期标志着苏哈托倒台后印尼民主的巩固，其政治生涯以担任印尼斗争民主党（PDI-P）主席而著称。", "id": "Presiden kelima Indonesia (2001–2004), putri bapak pendiri Sukarno, dan wanita pertama yang memimpin negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia—seorang tokoh yang masa kepresidenannya menandai konsolidasi demokrasi Indonesia setelah jatuhnya Suharto dan yang karier politiknya telah ditentukan oleh perannya sebagai ketua Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P)."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "president", "woman", "sukarno", "pdi-p", "democracy", "modern", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/megawati-sukarnoputri"}, {"id": "mohammad hatta", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mohammad Hatta", "zh": "穆罕默德·哈达", "id": "Mohammad Hatta"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Vice President of Indonesia — a towering figure in the independence struggle, known as the \"Father of Cooperatives\" for his economic philosophy, and a key architect of the Indonesian nation.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第一任副总统——独立斗争中的杰出人物，因其经济哲学被誉为“合作社之父”，也是印度尼西亚民族的重要缔造者之一。", "id": "Wakil Presiden pertama Indonesia — tokoh penting dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan, dikenal sebagai \"Bapak Koperasi\" karena filosofi ekonominya, dan arsitek utama bangsa Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "vice-president", "independence", "economist", "minangkabau", "nationalist"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/mohammad-hatta"}, {"id": "mohammad-natsir", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mohammad Natsir", "zh": "穆罕默德·纳西尔", "id": "Mohammad Natsir"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent Indonesian politician, Islamic scholar, and independence leader who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Indonesia (1950–1951)—a key figure in the Masyumi Party who advocated for democracy, Islam, and the nationalist struggle.", "zh": "印尼著名政治家、伊斯兰学者和独立领袖，曾担任印尼第五任总理（1950–1951）——马斯友美党的关键人物，倡导民主、伊斯兰教和民族主义斗争。", "id": "Politisi Indonesia terkemuka, cendekiawan Islam, dan pemimpin kemerdekaan yang menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Indonesia kelima (1950–1951)—tokoh kunci dalam Partai Masyumi yang mengadvokasi demokrasi, Islam, dan perjuangan nasionalis."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "figure", "prime-minister", "masyumi", "islam", "nationalist", "independence"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/mohammad-natsir"}, {"id": "mpu-prapanca", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mpu Prapanca", "zh": "姆普·普拉潘卡", "id": "Mpu Prapanca"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century Javanese poet and courtier who composed the *Kakawin Nagarakretagama* — a epic poem that serves as the most important historical source for the Majapahit Empire, describing its territory, culture, and glory, and preserving the memory of one of the greatest empires in Indonesian history.", "zh": "14世纪的爪哇诗人和朝臣，创作了《卡卡温·纳加拉克雷塔伽玛》——一首史诗，是满者伯夷帝国最重要的历史资料来源，描述了其领土、文化和辉煌，保存了印尼历史上最伟大帝国之一的记忆。", "id": "Seorang penyair dan abdi istana Jawa abad ke-14 yang menggubah *Kakawin Nagarakretagama* — sebuah puisi epik yang berfungsi sebagai sumber sejarah terpenting untuk Kerajaan Majapahit, menggambarkan wilayah, budaya, dan kejayaannya, serta melestarikan ingatan tentang salah satu kerajaan terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "poet", "majapahit", "literature", "javanese", "history", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/mpu-prapanca"}, {"id": "mpu-tantular", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mpu Tantular", "zh": "姆普·坦图拉尔", "id": "Mpu Tantular"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century Javanese poet and scholar who composed the *Kakawin Sutasoma* — a work that famously proclaimed the phrase \"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\" (Unity in Diversity), which later became the national motto of Indonesia, reflecting the harmony of different religious traditions under the Majapahit Empire.", "zh": "14世纪的爪哇诗人和学者，创作了《卡卡温·苏塔索玛》——一部以“Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”（异中有同）这一名言而闻名的作品，后来成为印度尼西亚的国家格言，反映了满者伯夷帝国不同宗教传统的和谐共处。", "id": "Seorang penyair dan cendekiawan Jawa abad ke-14 yang menggubah *Kakawin Sutasoma* — sebuah karya yang terkenal dengan ungkapan \"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\" (Bersatu dalam Keberagaman), yang kemudian menjadi semboyan nasional Indonesia, mencerminkan harmoni tradisi agama yang berbeda di bawah Kerajaan Majapahit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "poet", "scholar", "javanese", "literature", "pancasila", "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/mpu-tantular"}, {"id": "muhammad-yamin", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Muhammad Yamin", "zh": "穆罕默德·雅明", "id": "Muhammad Yamin"}, "summary": {"en": "An Indonesian poet, historian, nationalist, and politician — a key proponent of the Greater Indonesia concept and one of the architects of the Indonesian language.", "zh": "印尼诗人、历史学家、民族主义者、政治家——是“大印尼主义”概念的主要倡导者之一，也是印尼语的奠基人之一。", "id": "Penyair, sejarawan, nasionalis, dan politisi Indonesia — pendukung utama konsep Indonesia Raya dan salah satu arsitek bahasa Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["figure", "history", "nationalism", "greater-indonesia", "bahasa-indonesia", "poet", "politician"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/muhammad-yamin"}, {"id": "mulavarman", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Mulavarman", "zh": "穆拉瓦尔曼", "id": "Mulavarman"}, "summary": {"en": "A 4th–5th century king of the Kutai Kingdom in East Kalimantan — the first historically known king in Indonesian history, whose generosity to Brahmins is recorded in the Yupa inscriptions, making him the earliest named figure in the recorded history of the archipelago.", "zh": "4–5世纪东加里曼丹库泰王国的国王——印尼历史上已知的第一位国王，其对婆罗门的慷慨在Yupa碑铭中有所记载，使他成为群岛历史记录中最早有名有姓的人物。", "id": "Seorang raja Kerajaan Kutai di Kalimantan Timur pada abad ke-4–5 — raja pertama yang diketahui dalam sejarah Indonesia, yang kedermawanannya kepada Brahmana tercatat dalam prasasti Yupa, menjadikannya tokoh bernama paling awal dalam sejarah tercatat Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["figure", "king", "ancient", "kutai", "hindu", "kalimantan", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/mulavarman"}, {"id": "national-heroes", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "National Heroes of Indonesia", "zh": "印度尼西亚民族英雄", "id": "Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The men and women officially recognized by the Indonesian state for their exceptional contributions to the nation's struggle for independence, development, or cultural preservation — a pantheon of figures from diverse backgrounds who embody the spirit of Indonesian nationalism and the values of sacrifice, courage, and unity.", "zh": "被印度尼西亚国家正式认定为对国家独立斗争、发展或文化保护做出卓越贡献的男男女女——一个来自不同背景的人物万神殿，体现了印度尼西亚民族主义精神和牺牲、勇气与团结的价值观。", "id": "Para pria dan wanita yang secara resmi diakui oleh negara Indonesia atas kontribusi luar biasa mereka terhadap perjuangan kemerdekaan, pembangunan, atau pelestarian budaya bangsa — sebuah jajaran tokoh dari berbagai latar belakang yang mewujudkan semangat nasionalisme Indonesia dan nilai-nilai pengorbanan, keberanian, dan persatuan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["concept", "national-heroes", "independence", "nationalism", "sacrifice", "recognition", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/national-heroes"}, {"id": "nyi ageng serang", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Nyi Ageng Serang", "zh": "妮·阿根·塞朗", "id": "Nyi Ageng Serang"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese female national hero and guerrilla leader — a warrior who fought against Dutch colonialism in the 19th century, leading troops in the Diponegoro War and inspiring generations with her courage and determination.", "zh": "一位爪哇女性民族英雄和游击战领袖——一位在19世纪反抗荷兰殖民主义的战士，在迪波尼哥罗战争中率领部队，以她的勇气和决心鼓舞了几代人。", "id": "Pahlawan nasional wanita Jawa dan pemimpin gerilya — prajurit yang melawan kolonialisme Belanda pada abad ke-19, memimpin pasukan dalam Perang Diponegoro dan menginspirasi generasi dengan keberanian dan tekadnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "female", "guerrilla", "anti-colonial", "diponegoro-war"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/nyi-ageng-serang"}, {"id": "palapa-oath", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Palapa Oath", "zh": "帕拉帕誓言", "id": "Sumpah Palapa"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary oath taken by Gajah Mada, the prime minister of the Majapahit Empire, in which he vowed not to eat any food containing spices (palapa) until he had unified the entire Indonesian archipelago under Majapahit rule — an oath that has become a symbol of Indonesian unity and national ambition.", "zh": "满者伯夷帝国首相加查·马达立下的传奇誓言，他发誓在将整个印度尼西亚群岛统一在满者伯夷统治之下之前，不食用任何含有香料（palapa）的食物——这个誓言已成为印度尼西亚团结和国家雄心的象征。", "id": "Sumpah legendaris yang diambil oleh Gajah Mada, perdana menteri Kerajaan Majapahit, di mana ia bersumpah untuk tidak makan makanan yang mengandung palapa sampai ia menyatukan seluruh Nusantara di bawah kekuasaan Majapahit — sebuah sumpah yang telah menjadi simbol persatuan Indonesia dan ambisi nasional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "majapahit", "oath", "unity", "gajah-mada", "symbol", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/palapa-oath"}, {"id": "pangeran-antasari", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Pangeran Antasari", "zh": "安塔萨里王子", "id": "Pangeran Antasari"}, "summary": {"en": "A 19th-century Banjarmasin prince who led a major resistance against Dutch colonial rule in Borneo (1859–1863), uniting Dayak and Banjar forces in a guerrilla war that inspired later nationalist movements and earned him recognition as a National Hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "19世纪马辰王子，领导了婆罗洲反对荷兰殖民统治的重大抵抗运动（1859–1863），联合达雅克与班贾尔力量进行游击战，激励了后来的民族主义运动，并使他被认定为印度尼西亚民族英雄。", "id": "Pangeran Banjarmasin abad ke-19 yang memimpin perlawanan besar terhadap kekuasaan kolonial Belanda di Kalimantan (1859–1863), menyatukan pasukan Dayak dan Banjar dalam perang gerilya yang menginspirasi gerakan nasionalis kemudian dan membuatnya diakui sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "figure", "banjar", "banjarmasin", "dayak", "kalimantan", "colonialism", "dutch"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/pangeran-antasari"}, {"id": "panji", "module": "03_history", "type": "legendary-figure", "name": {"en": "Prince Panji", "zh": "潘吉王子", "id": "Panji"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary Javanese prince of the 12th–13th century, whose romantic adventures and search for his beloved Candra Kirana form the most widely told epic cycle of the Malay world — and whose cyclical narrative echoes the rhythm of the 210-day cosmic contract.", "zh": "12-13世纪的传奇爪哇王子，其浪漫冒险和寻找爱人坎德拉·基拉纳的旅程构成了马来世界流传最广的史诗故事循环——其循环叙事呼应了210天宇宙契约的节律。", "id": "Pangeran legendaris Jawa abad ke-12–13, yang petualangan romantisnya dan pencarian kekasihnya Candra Kirana membentuk siklus epik paling luas di dunia Melayu — dan narasi siklusnya menggemakan irama kontrak kosmik 210 hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["legendary-figure", "javanese", "panji", "romance", "epic", "wayang", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/panji"}, {"id": "paramesvara", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Paramesvara", "zh": "拜里米苏拉", "id": "Parameswara"}, "summary": {"en": "The founder of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century, a prince of the Srivijaya dynasty who transformed the Malacca Strait into the center of the maritime silk road, inadvertently shaping the spiritual destiny of the Nusantara world.", "zh": "15世纪马六甲苏丹国的建立者，三佛齐王朝的王子，将马六甲海峡转变为海上丝绸之路的中心，不经意间塑造了努山塔拉世界的精神命运。", "id": "Pendiri Kesultanan Melaka pada abad ke-15, pangeran dari dinasti Sriwijaya yang mengubah Selat Malaka menjadi pusat jalur sutra maritim, secara tidak sengaja membentuk takdir spiritual dunia Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "figure", "paramesvara", "malacca-sultanate", "srivijaya", "islamization", "trade", "diplomacy"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/paramesvara"}, {"id": "pattimura", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Pattimura", "zh": "帕提穆拉", "id": "Pattimura"}, "summary": {"en": "The Ambonese hero of the 19th century who led a rebellion against Dutch colonial rule in Maluku, symbolizing the resistance of the eastern islands and the archipelago's struggle for freedom.", "zh": "19世纪的安汶英雄，领导了马鲁古群岛反抗荷兰殖民统治的叛乱，象征着东部岛屿的抵抗精神与整个群岛对自由的追求。", "id": "Pahlawan Ambon abad ke-19 yang memimpin pemberontakan melawan pemerintahan kolonial Belanda di Maluku, melambangkan perlawanan pulau-pulau timur dan perjuangan Nusantara untuk kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "figure", "pattimura", "moluccas", "resistance", "colonialism", "ambon", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/pattimura"}, {"id": "pierre-poivre", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Pierre Poivre", "zh": "皮埃尔·普瓦夫尔", "id": "Pierre Poivre"}, "summary": {"en": "An 18th-century French horticulturist, missionary, and colonial administrator who secretly smuggled nutmeg and clove plants from the Moluccas to Mauritius and France, breaking the Dutch spice monopoly and reshaping the global spice trade forever.", "zh": "18世纪的法国园艺家、传教士和殖民管理者，他秘密将肉豆蔻和丁香植株从马鲁古群岛偷运到毛里求斯和法国，打破了荷兰的香料垄断，永远改变了全球香料贸易。", "id": "Seorang ahli hortikultura, misionaris, dan administrator kolonial Prancis abad ke-18 yang secara diam-diam menyelundupkan tanaman pala dan cengkih dari Maluku ke Mauritius dan Prancis, memecahkan monopoli rempah Belanda dan mengubah perdagangan rempah global selamanya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "french", "horticulturist", "spice-trade", "smuggler", "colonial", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/pierre-poivre"}, {"id": "prabu-siliwangi", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Prabu Siliwangi", "zh": "普拉布·西利旺吉", "id": "Prabu Siliwangi"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary king of the Sunda Kingdom, often associated with the kingdom's golden age—a semi-mythical figure in Sundanese tradition, symbolizing justice, wisdom, and the enduring spirit of the Sundanese people.", "zh": "巽他王国的传奇国王，常与王国的黄金时代联系在一起——巽他传统中的半神话人物，象征着正义、智慧和巽他民族的不屈精神。", "id": "Raja legendaris Kerajaan Sunda, sering dikaitkan dengan zaman keemasan kerajaan—tokoh semi-mitos dalam tradisi Sunda, melambangkan keadilan, kebijaksanaan, dan semangat abadi masyarakat Sunda."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["folklore", "figure", "king", "sunda", "legend", "west-java", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/prabu-siliwangi"}, {"id": "pramoedya-ananta-toer", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Pramoedya Ananta Toer", "zh": "普拉姆迪亚·阿南达·杜尔", "id": "Pramoedya Ananta Toer"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's preeminent post-independence novelist, short-story writer, and political dissident—a voice of conscience whose life and work spanned the Dutch colonial era, Japanese occupation, the struggle for independence, and the brutal authoritarian regimes of Sukarno and Suharto, and whose Buru Quartet stands as one of the great decolonization narratives in world literature.", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立后最杰出的小说家、短篇小说作家和政治异见者——一位良知的代言人，其生命与创作跨越了荷兰殖民时代、日本占领时期、独立斗争以及苏加诺和苏哈托的残酷威权统治，其《布鲁岛四部曲》是世界文学中伟大的去殖民化叙事之一。", "id": "Novelis, penulis cerpen, dan pembangkang politik terkemuka pasca-kemerdekaan Indonesia—sebuah suara hati nurani yang hidup dan karyanya merentang era kolonial Belanda, pendudukan Jepang, perjuangan kemerdekaan, serta rezim otoriter Sukarno dan Suharto, dan Tetralogi Buru-nya berdiri sebagai salah satu narasi dekolonisasi terbesar dalam sastra dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["figure", "writer", "activist", "political-prisoner", "buru-quartet", "indonesian-literature", "human-rights", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/pramoedya-ananta-toer"}, {"id": "raden-wijaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Raden Wijaya", "zh": "拉登·维查亚", "id": "Raden Wijaya"}, "summary": {"en": "The founder of the Majapahit Empire in 1293—a Javanese prince who united the archipelago and established one of the greatest maritime empires in Southeast Asian history.", "zh": "1293年满者伯夷帝国的建立者——一位统一了群岛并建立了东南亚历史上最伟大海上帝国之一的爪哇王子。", "id": "Pendiri Kerajaan Majapahit pada tahun 1293—pangeran Jawa yang menyatukan Nusantara dan mendirikan salah satu kerajaan maritim terbesar dalam sejarah Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "figure", "founder", "majapahit", "java", "empire"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/raden-wijaya"}, {"id": "radjiman-wedyodiningrat", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Radjiman Wedyodiningrat", "zh": "拉吉曼·韦约迪宁拉特", "id": "Radjiman Wedyodiningrat"}, "summary": {"en": "The chairman of BPUPKI, the body that drafted the Indonesian constitution and formulated the Pancasila — a figure of national unity who presided over the historic sessions that laid the foundations of independent Indonesia, bridging the diverse interests of the nationalist movement.", "zh": "BPUPKI主席，该机构起草了印度尼西亚宪法并制定了潘查希拉——一位主持了为独立印度尼西亚奠定基础的历史性会议的民族统一人物，弥合了民族主义运动的不同利益。", "id": "Ketua BPUPKI, badan yang menyusun konstitusi Indonesia dan merumuskan Pancasila — seorang tokoh persatuan nasional yang memimpin sidang-sidang bersejarah yang meletakkan dasar-dasar Indonesia merdeka, menjembatani kepentingan beragam dari gerakan nasionalis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "nationalist", "bpupki", "pancasila", "independence", "javanese", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/radjiman-wedyodiningrat"}, {"id": "rasuna-said", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Rasuna Said", "zh": "拉苏娜·赛义德", "id": "Rasuna Said"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering Indonesian female activist and national hero — a leader in the women's movement and the struggle for independence, who fought for gender equality and women's education in the early 20th century.", "zh": "印尼先驱女性活动家和民族英雄——妇女运动和独立斗争中的领袖，为20世纪初的性别平等和妇女教育而奋斗。", "id": "Aktivis perempuan perintis Indonesia dan pahlawan nasional — pemimpin dalam gerakan perempuan dan perjuangan kemerdekaan, yang berjuang untuk kesetaraan gender dan pendidikan perempuan di awal abad ke-20."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "women", "activist", "national-hero", "independence", "gender-equality", "minangkabau"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/rasuna-said"}, {"id": "sam ratulangi", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Agus Salim", "zh": "阿古斯·萨利姆", "id": "Agus Salim"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent Indonesian diplomat and independence activist — a key figure in the international recognition of the Republic of Indonesia, who served as Foreign Minister and represented Indonesia at the United Nations.", "zh": "印尼著名外交官和独立活动家——在国际承认印度尼西亚共和国过程中的关键人物，曾任外交部长，并代表印尼出席联合国。", "id": "Diplomat dan aktivis kemerdekaan Indonesia terkemuka — tokoh kunci dalam pengakuan internasional Republik Indonesia, yang menjabat sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri dan mewakili Indonesia di Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "diplomat", "independence", "foreign-minister", "minangkabau"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sam-ratulangi"}, {"id": "shima-queen", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Queen Shima", "zh": "希玛女王", "id": "Ratu Shima"}, "summary": {"en": "A 7th-century queen of the Kalingga Kingdom in Central Java — one of the earliest known female rulers in Indonesian history, remembered for her wisdom, justice, and the legend of her decree that any thief who crossed the palace gates would have their hands cut off, a symbol of her commitment to justice and order.", "zh": "7世纪中爪哇卡林加王国的女王——印尼历史上已知最早的女性统治者之一，以其智慧、正义和传奇法令而闻名：任何越过宫门的窃贼都将被斩断双手，这象征着她对正义和秩序的承诺。", "id": "Seorang ratu abad ke-7 dari Kerajaan Kalingga di Jawa Tengah — salah satu penguasa wanita paling awal yang diketahui dalam sejarah Indonesia, dikenang karena kebijaksanaannya, keadilannya, dan legenda dekritnya bahwa setiap pencuri yang melewati gerbang istana akan dipotong tangannya, sebuah simbol komitmennya terhadap keadilan dan ketertiban."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "queen", "kalingga", "female-ruler", "java", "justice", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/shima-queen"}, {"id": "sisingamangaraja", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Sisingamangaraja", "zh": "西辛加曼加拉贾", "id": "Sisingamangaraja"}, "summary": {"en": "The Batak leader of the 19th century who led a resistance against Dutch colonialism in Sumatra, symbolizing the independence of the Batak people and the archipelago's struggle for freedom.", "zh": "19世纪的巴塔克领袖，领导了苏门答腊反抗荷兰殖民主义的抵抗运动，象征着巴塔克人民的独立精神和群岛争取自由的斗争。", "id": "Pemimpin Batak abad ke-19 yang memimpin perlawanan melawan kolonialisme Belanda di Sumatra, melambangkan kemerdekaan orang Batak dan perjuangan Nusantara untuk kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "figure", "sisingamangaraja", "batak", "resistance", "colonialism", "sumatra", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sisingamangaraja"}, {"id": "soetomo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Soetomo", "zh": "苏托莫", "id": "Soetomo"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneer of the Indonesian national awakening — the founder of Budi Utomo, the first indigenous political organization in the Dutch East Indies, which laid the foundation for the nationalist movement.", "zh": "印尼民族觉醒的先驱——至善社的创始人，荷属东印度群岛第一个本土政治组织，为民族主义运动奠定了基础。", "id": "Pelopor kebangkitan nasional Indonesia — pendiri Budi Utomo, organisasi politik pribumi pertama di Hindia Belanda, yang meletakkan dasar bagi gerakan nasionalis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "national-awakening", "budi-utomo", "independence", "javanese", "education"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/soetomo"}, {"id": "sudirman", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "General Sudirman", "zh": "苏迪曼将军", "id": "Jenderal Sudirman"}, "summary": {"en": "The commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949) — a brilliant military strategist who led guerrilla warfare against Dutch forces, fighting from his sickbed with tuberculosis, and became a symbol of the nation's struggle for independence, courage, and sacrifice.", "zh": "印度尼西亚民族革命（1945–1949）期间的印尼武装部队司令——一位杰出的军事战略家，领导游击战对抗荷兰军队，身患结核病仍坚持作战，成为国家争取独立、勇气和牺牲的象征。", "id": "Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Indonesia selama Revolusi Nasional Indonesia (1945–1949) — seorang ahli strategi militer yang brilian yang memimpin perang gerilya melawan pasukan Belanda, berjuang dari tempat tidur sakitnya karena tuberkulosis, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan bangsa untuk kemerdekaan, keberanian, dan pengorbanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["figure", "general", "national-hero", "independence", "revolution", "guerrilla", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sudirman"}, {"id": "suharto", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Suharto", "zh": "苏哈托", "id": "Suharto"}, "summary": {"en": "The second President of Indonesia (1966–1998), who rose to power after the 30 September Movement and established the \"New Order\" regime—a period of rapid economic growth, authoritarian rule, and systematic corruption, whose legacy remains deeply contested in Indonesia's national memory and political landscape.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二任总统（1966–1998），在九三〇运动后崛起掌权，建立了“新秩序”政权——一个经济快速增长、威权统治和系统性腐败的时期，其遗产在印尼的民族记忆和政治版图中仍存在深刻争议。", "id": "Presiden kedua Indonesia (1966–1998), yang naik ke tampuk kekuasaan setelah Gerakan 30 September dan mendirikan rezim \"Orde Baru\"—periode pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat, pemerintahan otoriter, dan korupsi sistematis, yang warisannya masih sangat diperdebatkan dalam ingatan nasional dan lanskap politik Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 41, "tags": ["figure", "president", "new-order", "suharto", "authoritarian", "development", "corruption", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/suharto"}, {"id": "sukarno", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sukarno", "zh": "苏加诺", "id": "Sukarno"}, "summary": {"en": "The first President of Indonesia, who proclaimed independence on 17 August 1945 and led the nation through its struggle for sovereignty.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第一任总统，于1945年8月17日宣布独立，并领导国家度过了争取主权的斗争。", "id": "Presiden pertama Indonesia yang memproklamasikan kemerdekaan pada 17 Agustus 1945."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 110, "tags": ["figure", "president", "sukarno", "independence", "nationalism", "20th-century"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sukarno"}, {"id": "sultan-ageng-tirtayasa", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa", "zh": "苏丹阿贡·蒂尔塔亚萨", "id": "Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa"}, "summary": {"en": "The sixth Sultan of Banten, reigning from 1651 to 1683—a ruler who led Banten to its peak of prosperity and power, resisted Dutch colonial expansion, and is recognized as a National Hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "万丹第六任苏丹，1651年至1683年在位——一位将万丹推向繁荣和权力巅峰的统治者，抵抗荷兰殖民扩张，被认定为印尼民族英雄。", "id": "Sultan Banten keenam, memerintah dari 1651 hingga 1683—pemimpin yang membawa Banten ke puncak kemakmuran dan kekuasaan, melawan ekspansi kolonial Belanda, dan diakui sebagai Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "figure", "sultan", "banten", "resistance", "colonial", "national-hero"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sultan-ageng-tirtayasa"}, {"id": "sultan-agung", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Agung", "zh": "苏丹阿贡", "id": "Sultan Agung"}, "summary": {"en": "The greatest ruler of the Mataram Sultanate in the 17th century, who unified Java and challenged the Dutch East India Company — a figure whose reign represents the last major attempt to resist European colonialism before the full establishment of Dutch rule.", "zh": "17世纪马打兰苏丹国最伟大的统治者，统一了爪哇并挑战了荷兰东印度公司——其统治代表了荷兰统治全面建立之前最后一次抵抗欧洲殖民主义的重大尝试。", "id": "Penguasa terbesar Kesultanan Mataram pada abad ke-17, yang menyatukan Jawa dan menantang VOC — yang pemerintahannya mewakili upaya besar terakhir untuk melawan kolonialisme Eropa sebelum berdirinya kekuasaan Belanda sepenuhnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["history", "figure", "sultan-agung", "mataram-sultanate", "resistance", "colonialism", "VOC", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sultan-agung"}, {"id": "sultan-haji", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Haji", "zh": "哈吉苏丹", "id": "Sultan Haji"}, "summary": {"en": "A 16th-century sultan of Aceh who ruled during a period of expansion and consolidation — a figure of Islamic leadership and political power whose reign contributed to the growth of the Aceh Sultanate as a major power in the region, and whose pilgrimage to Mecca gave him the title \"Haji.\"", "zh": "16世纪亚齐苏丹，在扩张和巩固时期统治——一位伊斯兰领袖和政治权力的人物，其统治促进了亚齐苏丹国作为该地区主要势力的发展，其前往麦加朝觐的经历使他获得了“哈吉”的称号。", "id": "Seorang sultan Aceh abad ke-16 yang memerintah selama periode ekspansi dan konsolidasi — seorang tokoh kepemimpinan Islam dan kekuasaan politik yang pemerintahannya berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan Kesultanan Aceh sebagai kekuatan utama di wilayah tersebut, dan ziarahnya ke Mekah memberinya gelar \"Haji.\""}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "aceh", "islam", "leadership", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sultan-haji"}, {"id": "sultan-hasanuddin", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Hasanuddin", "zh": "哈桑努丁苏丹", "id": "Sultan Hasanuddin"}, "summary": {"en": "A 17th-century sultan of Gowa in South Sulawesi — a legendary warrior and ruler who led resistance against the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the Makassar War (1666–1669), earning the nickname \"The Rooster of the East\" for his fierce courage, and becoming a symbol of Sulawesi's struggle against European colonialism.", "zh": "17世纪南苏拉威西戈瓦苏丹——一位传奇战士和统治者，在马卡萨战争（1666–1669）中领导抵抗荷兰东印度公司（VOC），因其勇猛的勇气而获得“东方雄鸡”的绰号，并成为苏拉威西反抗欧洲殖民主义的象征。", "id": "Seorang sultan Gowa abad ke-17 di Sulawesi Selatan — seorang pejuang dan penguasa legendaris yang memimpin perlawanan melawan Perusahaan Hindia Timur Belanda (VOC) dalam Perang Makassar (1666–1669), mendapat julukan \"Ayam Jantan dari Timur\" karena keberaniannya yang luar biasa, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan Sulawesi melawan kolonialisme Eropa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "gowa", "resistance", "voc", "sulawesi", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sultan-hasanuddin"}, {"id": "sultan-mansur-shah", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Mansur Shah", "zh": "曼苏尔·沙苏丹", "id": "Sultan Mansur Shah"}, "summary": {"en": "The 15th-century sultan of the Malacca Sultanate who expanded the kingdom's influence across the Malay Archipelago — a figure of power, diplomacy, and culture whose reign marked the golden age of Malacca's dominance in the region, and whose influence shaped the political and cultural landscape of the Malay world.", "zh": "15世纪马六甲苏丹国的苏丹，将王国的影响力扩展到马来群岛——一位权力、外交和文化的人物，其统治标志着马六甲在该地区霸权的黄金时代，其影响力塑造了马来世界的政治和文化面貌。", "id": "Sultan Melaka abad ke-15 yang memperluas pengaruh kerajaan ke seluruh Nusantara — seorang tokoh kekuasaan, diplomasi, dan budaya yang pemerintahannya menandai zaman keemasan dominasi Melaka di wilayah tersebut, dan yang pengaruhnya membentuk lanskap politik dan budaya dunia Melayu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "malacca", "golden-age", "malay", "leadership", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sultan-mansur-shah"}, {"id": "sunan-gunung-jati", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sunan Gunung Jati", "zh": "苏南·贡农·贾提", "id": "Sunan Gunung Jati"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the Wali Songo (Nine Saints), the Islamic missionaries who spread Islam in Java during the 15th–16th centuries — the founder of the Cirebon Sultanate, a charismatic religious and political leader who used culture and diplomacy to spread Islam, and whose legacy is still visible in the Islamic traditions of West Java.", "zh": "瓦利松戈（九圣）之一，15–16世纪在爪哇传播伊斯兰教的伊斯兰传教士——井里汶苏丹国的建立者，一位利用文化和外交传播伊斯兰教的富有魅力的宗教和政治领袖，其遗产在西爪哇的伊斯兰传统中仍然可见。", "id": "Salah satu Wali Songo (Sembilan Wali), misionaris Islam yang menyebarkan Islam di Jawa pada abad ke-15–16 — pendiri Kesultanan Cirebon, seorang pemimpin agama dan politik yang karismatik yang menggunakan budaya dan diplomasi untuk menyebarkan Islam, dan yang warisannya masih terlihat dalam tradisi Islam di Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "wali-songo", "islam", "javanese", "missionary", "founder", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sunan-gunung-jati"}, {"id": "sunan-kalijaga", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sunan Kalijaga", "zh": "苏南·卡利查加", "id": "Sunan Kalijaga"}, "summary": {"en": "The most famous and beloved member of the Wali Songo—the nine Islamic saints who spread Islam across Java in the 15th–16th centuries—renowned for his use of wayang kulit shadow puppetry, gamelan music, and Javanese cultural forms to communicate Islamic teachings in a syncretic, accessible manner.", "zh": "瓦利松戈——15–16世纪在爪哇传播伊斯兰教的九位伊斯兰圣人——中最著名和最受爱戴的成员，以利用哇扬皮影戏、甘美兰音乐和爪哇文化形式以融合的、易懂的方式传达伊斯兰教义而闻名。", "id": "Anggota paling terkenal dan dicintai dari Wali Songo—sembilan wali Islam yang menyebarkan Islam di Jawa pada abad ke-15–16—terkenal karena menggunakan wayang kulit, gamelan, dan bentuk budaya Jawa untuk menyampaikan ajaran Islam secara sinkretis dan mudah diakses."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["figure", "wali-songo", "islam", "javanese-culture", "wayang", "gamelan", "syncretism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sunan-kalijaga"}, {"id": "surjopranoto", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Surjopranoto", "zh": "苏尔约普拉诺托", "id": "Surjopranoto"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent nationalist leader and independence activist — a key figure in Sarekat Islam and the early Indonesian nationalist movement, who fought for social justice, economic empowerment, and national liberation.", "zh": "杰出的民族主义领袖和独立活动家——伊斯兰联盟和早期印尼民族主义运动的关键人物，为社会正义、经济赋权和民族解放而奋斗。", "id": "Pemimpin nasionalis dan aktivis kemerdekaan terkemuka — tokoh kunci dalam Sarekat Islam dan gerakan nasionalis Indonesia awal, yang berjuang untuk keadilan sosial, pemberdayaan ekonomi, dan pembebasan nasional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "nationalist", "independence", "sarekat-islam", "javanese", "economic-empowerment"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/surjopranoto"}, {"id": "sutan-sjahrir", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sutan Sjahrir", "zh": "苏丹·夏赫里尔", "id": "Sutan Sjahrir"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Prime Minister of Indonesia (1945–1947), a key independence figure, and a socialist intellectual who played a crucial role in shaping the country's early foreign policy and diplomatic strategy.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第一任总理（1945–1947），独立运动关键人物，社会主义知识分子，在塑造国家早期外交政策和外交战略中发挥了关键作用。", "id": "Perdana Menteri Indonesia pertama (1945–1947), tokoh kunci kemerdekaan, dan intelektual sosialis yang memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk kebijakan luar negeri awal dan strategi diplomatik negara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["history", "figure", "prime-minister", "independence", "diplomacy", "socialist"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/sutan-sjahrir"}, {"id": "tan-malaka", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tan Malaka", "zh": "陈马六甲", "id": "Tan Malaka"}, "summary": {"en": "A revolutionary thinker, political activist, and national hero — a figure who fought for Indonesian independence through his writings, political organizing, and activism, and who is often called the \"Father of the Indonesian Republic\" for his early advocacy of independence.", "zh": "革命思想家、政治活动家和民族英雄——一位通过写作、政治组织和行动主义为印度尼西亚独立而战的人物，因其早期倡导独立而常被称为“印度尼西亚共和国之父”。", "id": "Seorang pemikir revolusioner, aktivis politik, dan pahlawan nasional — seorang tokoh yang berjuang untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia melalui tulisan, pengorganisasian politik, dan aktivisme, dan yang sering disebut \"Bapak Republik Indonesia\" karena advokasi awalnya untuk kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["figure", "revolutionary", "thinker", "activist", "independence", "national-hero", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tan-malaka"}, {"id": "teuku-umar", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Teuku Umar", "zh": "特库·乌玛尔", "id": "Teuku Umar"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary Acehnese warrior and resistance leader during the Aceh War — a figure of exceptional military skill and cunning strategy, who employed a controversial tactic of \"fake surrender\" to infiltrate Dutch forces and turn their own weapons against them, becoming a symbol of Acehnese resistance and a national hero of Indonesia.", "zh": "亚齐战争期间传奇的亚齐战士和抵抗领袖——一位军事才能和狡猾策略非凡的人物，采用了“假投降”的争议性战术渗透荷兰军队并反戈一击，成为亚齐抵抗的象征和印度尼西亚的民族英雄。", "id": "Seorang pejuang dan pemimpin perlawanan Aceh yang legendaris selama Perang Aceh — seorang tokoh dengan keterampilan militer yang luar biasa dan strategi yang cerdik, yang menggunakan taktik kontroversial \"menyerah palsu\" untuk menyusup ke pasukan Belanda dan menggunakan senjata mereka sendiri melawan mereka, menjadi simbol perlawanan Aceh dan pahlawan nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["figure", "warrior", "aceh", "resistance", "guerrilla", "national-hero", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/teuku-umar"}, {"id": "tjipto mangoenkoesoemo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo", "zh": "齐普托·曼贡库苏莫", "id": "Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering Indonesian nationalist and physician — one of the founders of the Indische Partij, a key figure in the early nationalist movement, and a vocal critic of Dutch colonialism.", "zh": "一位先驱性的印尼民族主义者和医生——印度党的创始人之一，早期民族主义运动的关键人物，荷兰殖民主义的强烈批判者。", "id": "Nasionalis dan dokter Indonesia perintis — salah satu pendiri Indische Partij, tokoh kunci dalam gerakan nasionalis awal, dan kritikus vokal kolonialisme Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "nationalist", "physician", "indische-partij", "anti-colonial", "early-movement"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tjipto-mangoenkoesoemo"}, {"id": "tjipto-mangoenkoesoemo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo", "zh": "齐普托·曼贡库苏莫", "id": "Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo"}, "summary": {"en": "A prominent Indonesian nationalist leader and physician during the early 20th century — a co-founder of the Indische Partij, a vocal advocate for Indonesian independence, and a figure of immense courage who was exiled by the Dutch for his political activities, remembered as a pioneer of the Indonesian national awakening.", "zh": "20世纪初杰出的印尼民族主义领袖和医生——印度党的联合创始人，印尼独立的直言倡导者，一位因政治活动被荷兰流放的极具勇气的人物，被铭记为印尼民族觉醒的先驱。", "id": "Seorang pemimpin nasionalis Indonesia terkemuka dan dokter pada awal abad ke-20 — seorang pendiri Indische Partij, advokat vokal untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia, dan seorang tokoh dengan keberanian besar yang dibuang oleh Belanda karena aktivitas politiknya, dikenang sebagai pelopor kebangkitan nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "nationalist", "doctor", "independence", "exile", "pioneer", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tjipto-mangoenkoesoemo"}, {"id": "trunajaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Trunajaya", "zh": "特鲁诺乔约", "id": "Trunajaya"}, "summary": {"en": "A 17th-century Javanese prince from Madura who led a major rebellion against the Mataram Sultanate (1674–1679) — a rebellion that shook the foundations of Mataram power, destroyed the capital of Plered, and paved the way for Dutch colonial influence in Java.", "zh": "17世纪来自马都拉的爪哇王子，领导了一场反对马塔兰苏丹国的重大叛乱（1674–1679）——一场撼动马塔兰权力基础、摧毁首都普勒雷德并为荷兰殖民影响力在爪哇铺平道路的叛乱。", "id": "Seorang pangeran Jawa dari Madura abad ke-17 yang memimpin pemberontakan besar melawan Kesultanan Mataram (1674–1679) — sebuah pemberontakan yang mengguncang fondasi kekuasaan Mataram, menghancurkan ibu kota Plered, dan membuka jalan bagi pengaruh kolonial Belanda di Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "rebel", "prince", "madura", "mataram", "rebellion", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/trunajaya"}, {"id": "trunojoyo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Trunojoyo", "zh": "特鲁诺乔约", "id": "Trunojoyo"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese prince from Madura who led a rebellion against the Mataram Sultanate in the 1670s—a figure of resistance who allied with the Dutch to defeat Mataram, only to be betrayed and executed.", "zh": "17世纪70年代领导反叛马打兰苏丹国的马都拉王子——一位抵抗者，与荷兰结盟击败马打兰，最终被背叛并处决。", "id": "Pangeran Jawa dari Madura yang memimpin pemberontakan melawan Kesultanan Mataram pada tahun 1670-an—tokoh perlawanan yang bersekutu dengan Belanda untuk mengalahkan Mataram, hanya untuk dikhianati dan dieksekusi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["history", "figure", "rebellion", "mataram", "madura", "colonial"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/trunojoyo"}, {"id": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tuanku Imam Bonjol", "zh": "团·伊玛目·邦佐尔", "id": "Tuanku Imam Bonjol"}, "summary": {"en": "A national hero from West Sumatra — an Islamic scholar and leader of the Padri War (1821-1837), who led a fierce resistance against Dutch colonialism and became a symbol of Islamic and nationalist struggle.", "zh": "一位来自西苏门答腊的民族英雄——一位伊斯兰学者和巴德里战争（1821-1837）的领袖，领导了反抗荷兰殖民主义的激烈抵抗，成为伊斯兰和民族主义斗争的象征。", "id": "Pahlawan nasional dari Sumatera Barat — ulama dan pemimpin Perang Padri (1821-1837), yang memimpin perlawanan sengit melawan kolonialisme Belanda dan menjadi simbol perjuangan Islam dan nasionalis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "islamic", "padri-war", "anti-colonial", "west-sumatra"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tuanku-lmam-bonjol"}, {"id": "tuanku-imam-bonjol", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Tuanku Imam Bonjol", "zh": "端姑·伊玛目·本佐尔", "id": "Tuanku Imam Bonjol"}, "summary": {"en": "A Minangkabau religious leader and national hero who led the Padri War (1821–1837) against Dutch colonial forces in West Sumatra — a figure of Islamic resistance who fought for religious reform, defended his homeland, and became a symbol of the struggle against colonial oppression, dying in exile but never surrendering his faith or his principles.", "zh": "米南加保宗教领袖和民族英雄，在西苏门答腊领导了反对荷兰殖民军队的帕德里战争（1821–1837）——一位伊斯兰抵抗人物，为宗教改革而战，保卫家园，成为印尼反抗殖民压迫斗争中的象征，在流放中去世，但从未放弃自己的信仰或原则。", "id": "Seorang pemimpin agama Minangkabau dan pahlawan nasional yang memimpin Perang Padri (1821–1837) melawan pasukan kolonial Belanda di Sumatera Barat — seorang tokoh perlawanan Islam yang berjuang untuk reformasi agama, mempertahankan tanah airnya, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan melawan penindasan kolonial di Indonesia, meninggal dalam pengasingan tetapi tidak pernah menyerah pada iman atau prinsipnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["figure", "national-hero", "padri-war", "islam", "resistance", "minangkabau", "exile", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tuanku-imam-bonjol"}, {"id": "tun-perak", "module": "03_history", "type": "historical-figure", "name": {"en": "Tun Perak", "zh": "敦·霹雳", "id": "Tun Perak"}, "summary": {"en": "The legendary admiral and prime minister of the Malacca Sultanate in the 15th century, known for his wisdom, military prowess, and loyalty to the throne — a figure who defended the sultanate during its greatest challenges.", "zh": "15世纪马六甲苏丹国的传奇海军上将与宰相，以智慧、军事才能和对王座的忠诚闻名——一位在苏丹国面临最大挑战时捍卫它的传奇人物。", "id": "Laksamana dan perdana menteri legendaris Kesultanan Melaka pada abad ke-15, dikenal karena kebijaksanaan, kehebatan militer, dan kesetiaannya kepada tahta — tokoh yang mempertahankan kesultanan selama tantangan terbesarnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "figure", "tun-perak", "malacca-sultanate", "admiral", "prime-minister", "loyalty", "defense"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/tun-perak"}, {"id": "van-imhoff", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Van Imhoff", "zh": "范·伊姆霍夫", "id": "Van Imhoff"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch colonial administrator who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1743 to 1750 — a figure whose tenure was marked by political challenges, economic difficulties, and the growing influence of the VOC in Java, contributing to the consolidation of Dutch colonial power in the archipelago.", "zh": "1743年至1750年担任荷属东印度总督的荷兰殖民行政官——一位任期以政治挑战、经济困难和VOC在爪哇影响力日益增长为特征的人物，为荷兰殖民权力在群岛的巩固做出了贡献。", "id": "Seorang administrator kolonial Belanda yang menjabat sebagai Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Timur Belanda dari 1743 hingga 1750 — seorang tokoh yang masa jabatannya ditandai oleh tantangan politik, kesulitan ekonomi, dan pengaruh VOC yang semakin besar di Jawa, berkontribusi pada konsolidasi kekuasaan kolonial Belanda di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "dutch", "colonial", "governor-general", "voc", "java", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/van-imhoff"}, {"id": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Wahidin Sudirohusodo", "zh": "瓦希丁·苏迪罗胡索多", "id": "Wahidin Sudirohusodo"}, "summary": {"en": "A physician and nationalist leader — the co-founder of Budi Utomo, the first indigenous political organization in the Dutch East Indies, and a pioneer of the Indonesian national awakening.", "zh": "医生和民族主义领袖——至善社的共同创始人，荷属东印度群岛第一个本土政治组织，印尼民族觉醒的先驱。", "id": "Dokter dan pemimpin nasionalis — pendiri bersama Budi Utomo, organisasi politik pribumi pertama di Hindia Belanda, dan pelopor kebangkitan nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["figure", "national-awakening", "budi-utomo", "independence", "javanese", "physician"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/wahidin-sudirohusodo"}, {"id": "yijing", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Yijing", "zh": "义净", "id": "Yijing"}, "summary": {"en": "A 7th-century Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who traveled to India and spent several years in the Malay Archipelago — a figure whose detailed accounts of his voyages provide some of the earliest and most valuable descriptions of the Srivijaya Empire, and who preserved a vivid record of the religious and cultural life of the region.", "zh": "7世纪的中国佛教僧侣和学者，前往印度并在马来群岛度过数年——一位其详细旅行记录提供了对室利佛逝帝国最早、最有价值的描述的人物，并保存了该地区宗教和文化生活的生动记录。", "id": "Seorang biksu dan cendekiawan Buddha Cina abad ke-7 yang bepergian ke India dan menghabiskan beberapa tahun di Nusantara — seorang tokoh yang catatan perjalanannya yang rinci memberikan beberapa deskripsi paling awal dan paling berharga tentang Kerajaan Sriwijaya, dan yang melestarikan catatan hidup tentang kehidupan religius dan budaya wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["figure", "buddhist", "monk", "traveler", "scholar", "srivijaya", "china", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/figures/yijing"}, {"id": "30-september-movement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "30 September Movement", "zh": "九三〇运动", "id": "Gerakan 30 September (G30S)"}, "summary": {"en": "A pivotal and deeply controversial event in modern Indonesian history, beginning on the night of September 30, 1965, when a group of military officers kidnapped and murdered six army generals. This act served as the catalyst for a violent anti-communist purge, the destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), the fall of President Sukarno, and the rise of General Suharto's three-decade-long \"New Order\" dictatorship.", "zh": "现代印度尼西亚历史上一个关键且极具争议的事件，始于1965年9月30日晚，一群军官绑架并杀害了六名陆军将领。这一行为成为暴力反共清洗、摧毁印尼共产党（PKI）、推翻苏加诺总统以及苏哈托将军长达三十年“新秩序”独裁统治崛起的催化剂。", "id": "Peristiwa penting dan sangat kontroversial dalam sejarah modern Indonesia, dimulai pada malam 30 September 1965, ketika sekelompok perwira militer menculik dan membunuh enam jenderal Angkatan Darat. Tindakan ini menjadi katalis untuk pembersihan anti-komunis yang kejam, penghancuran Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), jatuhnya Presiden Sukarno, dan kebangkitan rezim diktator \"Orde Baru\" Jenderal Suharto yang berlangsung selama tiga dekade."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["event", "history", "cold-war", "coup", "mass-violence", "pki", "suharto", "sukarno"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/30-september-movement"}, {"id": "Independence Declaration", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立宣言", "id": "Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The historic proclamation of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, read by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta in Jakarta — a moment that ended over 340 years of Dutch colonial rule, launched the Indonesian National Revolution, and gave birth to the Republic of Indonesia, one of the largest and most diverse nations in the world.", "zh": "1945年8月17日由苏加诺和穆罕默德·哈达在雅加达宣读的历史性独立宣言——结束了超过340年的荷兰殖民统治，开启了印度尼西亚民族革命，并诞生了印度尼西亚共和国，世界上最大、最多元化的国家之一。", "id": "Proklamasi bersejarah kemerdekaan Indonesia pada 17 Agustus 1945, dibacakan oleh Sukarno dan Mohammad Hatta di Jakarta — sebuah momen yang mengakhiri lebih dari 340 tahun pemerintahan kolonial Belanda, meluncurkan Revolusi Nasional Indonesia, dan melahirkan Republik Indonesia, salah satu negara terbesar dan paling beragam di dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["event", "independence", "sukarno", "hatta", "revolution", "modern", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/Independence-Declaration"}, {"id": "Indische partij", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Indische Partij", "zh": "印度党", "id": "Indische Partij"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering Indonesian nationalist political party — founded in 1912 by Indo-European and Indigenous nationalists, it was the first political party in the Dutch East Indies to advocate for Indonesian independence.", "zh": "一个先驱性的印尼民族主义政党——于1912年由印欧和土著民族主义者创立，是荷属东印度群岛第一个倡导印度尼西亚独立的政党。", "id": "Partai politik nasionalis Indonesia perintis — didirikan pada tahun 1912 oleh nasionalis Indo-Eropa dan Pribumi, partai politik pertama di Hindia Belanda yang mengadvokasi kemerdekaan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["organization", "political-party", "nationalist", "anti-colonial", "early-movement"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/Indische-partij"}, {"id": "aceh-war-1873", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Aceh War", "zh": "亚齐战争", "id": "Perang Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest and most brutal war in the history of Dutch colonialism in the archipelago—a thirty-year conflict (1873–1903/1914) between the Netherlands and the Sultanate of Aceh, fought with extraordinary ferocity over the strategic Strait of Malacca, costing tens of thousands of lives, nearly bankrupting the Dutch treasury, and ultimately giving birth to the legendary resistance figures who would become national heroes of Indonesia.", "zh": "荷兰殖民主义在群岛历史上最长、最残酷的战争——荷兰与亚齐苏丹国之间长达三十年（1873–1903/1914）的冲突，为争夺战略要冲马六甲海峡而战，异常惨烈，造成数万人死亡，几乎使荷兰国库破产，并最终诞生了将成为印度尼西亚民族英雄的传奇抵抗人物。", "id": "Perang terpanjang dan paling brutal dalam sejarah kolonialisme Belanda di Nusantara—konflik tiga puluh tahun (1873–1903/1914) antara Belanda dan Kesultanan Aceh, yang diperjuangkan dengan keganasan luar biasa atas Selat Malaka yang strategis, menelan puluhan ribu jiwa, hampir membuat kas Belanda bangkrut, dan pada akhirnya melahirkan tokoh-tokoh perlawanan legendaris yang akan menjadi pahlawan nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["war", "colonial", "dutch", "aceh", "resistance", "jihad", "guerrilla", "national-heroes"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/aceh-war-1873"}, {"id": "asean founding", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Founding of ASEAN", "zh": "东盟成立", "id": "Pendirian ASEAN"}, "summary": {"en": "The historic founding of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, when five nations—Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—signed the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration), establishing a regional bloc that would transform Southeast Asia from a battlefield of Cold War proxy conflicts into a community of cooperation and economic integration.", "zh": "1967年8月8日在曼谷建立东南亚国家联盟的历史性时刻，五个国家——印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡和泰国——签署了《东盟宣言》（《曼谷宣言》），建立了一个区域集团，将东南亚从冷战代理冲突的战场转变为合作与经济一体化的共同体。", "id": "Pendirian bersejarah Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara pada 8 Agustus 1967 di Bangkok, ketika lima negara—Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand—menandatangani Deklarasi ASEAN (Deklarasi Bangkok), membentuk blok regional yang akan mengubah Asia Tenggara dari medan perang konflik proksi Perang Dingin menjadi komunitas kerja sama dan integrasi ekonomi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["history", "asean", "diplomacy", "cold-war", "regionalism", "modern", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/asean-founding"}, {"id": "asean", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations", "zh": "东南亚国家联盟", "id": "Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara"}, "summary": {"en": "A political and economic union of ten Southeast Asian nations, founded in 1967—a regional bloc that has promoted economic growth, political stability, and cultural exchange for over five decades, whose \"ASEAN Way\" of consensus and non-interference reflects the region's complex history and diverse cultures.", "zh": "东南亚十国的政治和经济联盟，成立于1967年——一个五十多年来促进经济增长、政治稳定和文化交流的区域集团，其协商一致和不干涉的“东盟方式”反映了该地区复杂的历史和多元文化。", "id": "Sebuah persatuan politik dan ekonomi dari sepuluh negara Asia Tenggara, didirikan pada 1967—sebuah blok regional yang telah mempromosikan pertumbuhan ekonomi, stabilitas politik, dan pertukaran budaya selama lebih dari lima dekade, yang \"Cara ASEAN\" konsensus dan non-intervensi mencerminkan sejarah kompleks dan budaya yang beragam di wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["organization", "asean", "regional", "politics", "economy", "international", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/asean"}, {"id": "australian-diplomatic-support", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Australian Diplomatic Support for Indonesia", "zh": "澳大利亚对印尼的外交支持", "id": "Dukungan Diplomatik Australia untuk Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "Australia's bold diplomatic support for the Republic of Indonesia during the National Revolution (1945-1949) — a major factor in breaking Dutch colonial power, driven by labor solidarity, anti-colonial sentiment, and strategic concerns.", "zh": "民族革命期间澳大利亚对印度尼西亚共和国的大胆外交支持（1945-1949年）——打破荷兰殖民势力的重要因素，源于劳工团结、反殖民情绪和战略考量。", "id": "Dukungan diplomatik berani Australia untuk Republik Indonesia selama Revolusi Nasional (1945-1949) — faktor utama dalam mematahkan kekuatan kolonial Belanda, didorong oleh solidaritas buruh, sentimen anti-kolonial, dan kekhawatiran strategis."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "australia", "1945", "1949", "labour-movement", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/australian-diplomatic-support"}, {"id": "bandung conference", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Bandung Conference", "zh": "万隆会议", "id": "Konferensi Bandung"}, "summary": {"en": "The first major meeting of Asian and African nations (April 18-24, 1955) — held in Bandung, Indonesia, it marked the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement and established Indonesia as a leader of the developing world.", "zh": "亚非国家首次重要会议（1955年4月18-24日）——在印尼万隆举行，标志着不结盟运动的诞生，确立了印尼作为发展中国家的领袖地位。", "id": "Pertemuan besar pertama bangsa-bangsa Asia dan Afrika (18-24 April 1955) — diadakan di Bandung, Indonesia, menandai kelahiran Gerakan Non-Blok dan menjadikan Indonesia sebagai pemimpin dunia berkembang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1955", "bandung", "non-aligned", "asia", "africa", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bandung-conference"}, {"id": "bandung-conference", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Bandung Conference", "zh": "万隆会议（亚非会议）", "id": "Konferensi Bandung"}, "summary": {"en": "The 1955 Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia, which marked the birth of the Non-Aligned Movement.", "zh": "1955年在印尼万隆召开的亚非会议，是不结盟运动的起点，标志着亚非新兴国家在国际舞台上集体发声。", "id": "Konferensi Asia-Afrika 1955 di Bandung, Indonesia, yang menandai lahirnya Gerakan Non-Blok."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["history", "bandung", "non-aligned", "sukarno", "diplomacy", "international"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bandung-conference"}, {"id": "banjar-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Banjar War", "zh": "班贾尔战争", "id": "Perang Banjar"}, "summary": {"en": "A brutal five-year conflict (1859–1864) between the Banjar Sultanate and the Dutch colonial forces—a war of resistance sparked by Dutch interference in the succession to the Banjar throne, which devastated South Kalimantan and marked the final fall of the Banjar Sultanate, securing Dutch control over the Barito Basin.", "zh": "班贾尔苏丹国与荷兰殖民军队之间一场持续五年的残酷冲突（1859–1864）——由荷兰干涉班贾尔王位继承引发的抵抗战争，摧毁了南加里曼丹，标志着班贾尔苏丹国的最终覆灭，确保了荷兰对巴里托盆地的控制。", "id": "Sebuah konflik brutal selama lima tahun (1859–1864) antara Kesultanan Banjar dan pasukan kolonial Belanda—sebuah perang perlawanan yang dipicu oleh campur tangan Belanda dalam suksesi takhta Banjar, yang menghancurkan Kalimantan Selatan dan menandai kejatuhan terakhir Kesultanan Banjar, mengamankan kendali Belanda atas Cekungan Barito."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["war", "colonial", "dutch", "banjar", "kalimantan", "resistance", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/banjar-war"}, {"id": "batang industrial park", "module": "03_history", "type": "infrastructure", "name": {"en": "Batang Industrial Park", "zh": "巴塘工业城经济特区", "id": "Kawasan Industri Batang"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's largest state-owned special economic zone — a 4,300-hectare industrial city in Central Java, inaugurated in 2025 with the ambition of becoming \"Indonesia's Shenzhen,\" attracting billions in investment and creating tens of thousands of jobs.", "zh": "印尼最大的国有经济特区——中爪哇占地4,300公顷的工业城，2025年启用，立志成为“印尼的深圳”，吸引数十亿美元投资并创造数万个就业岗位。", "id": "Kawasan ekonomi khusus milik negara terbesar di Indonesia — kota industri seluas 4.300 hektar di Jawa Tengah, diresmikan pada tahun 2025 dengan ambisi menjadi \"Shenzhen-nya Indonesia,\" menarik miliaran dolar investasi dan menciptakan puluhan ribu lapangan kerja."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["infrastructure", "economic-zone", "batang", "central-java", "development", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/batang-industrial-park"}, {"id": "battle-of-ambarawa", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Ambarawa", "zh": "安巴拉瓦战役", "id": "Pertempuran Ambarawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A four-day battle in Central Java (December 12–15, 1945) — TKR forces led by Colonel Sudirman successfully defeated British troops, marking one of the first major victories of the Indonesian revolutionary army.", "zh": "中爪哇为期四天的战役（1945年12月12-15日）——苏迪曼上校率领的人民安全军成功击败英军，标志着印尼革命军的首次重大胜利之一。", "id": "Pertempuran empat hari di Jawa Tengah (12–15 Desember 1945) — pasukan TKR yang dipimpin oleh Kolonel Sudirman berhasil mengalahkan pasukan Inggris, menandai salah satu kemenangan besar pertama tentara revolusioner Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "battle", "ambarawa", "1945", "sudirman", "central-java", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/battle-of-ambarawa"}, {"id": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Batee Iliek", "zh": "巴蒂伊利克战役", "id": "Pertempuran Batee Iliek"}, "summary": {"en": "A pivotal battle during the Aceh War (1873) where Acehnese forces, fighting in the name of jihad, inflicted a devastating defeat on the Dutch expeditionary force, killing General J.H.R. Köhler—a moment that proved the strength of Acehnese resistance, humiliated the Dutch colonial army, and transformed the war into a protracted guerrilla struggle.", "zh": "亚齐战争期间（1873年）的一场关键战役，亚齐军队以圣战之名对荷兰远征军造成毁灭性打击，击毙了J.H.R.科勒将军——这一时刻证明了亚齐抵抗的力量，使荷兰殖民军蒙羞，并将战争转变为一场持久的游击斗争。", "id": "Sebuah pertempuran penting selama Perang Aceh (1873) di mana pasukan Aceh, berjuang atas nama jihad, menimbulkan kekalahan telak pada pasukan ekspedisi Belanda, menewaskan Jenderal J.H.R. Köhler—sebuah momen yang membuktikan kekuatan perlawanan Aceh, mempermalukan tentara kolonial Belanda, dan mengubah perang menjadi perjuangan gerilya yang berkepanjangan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["war", "aceh", "dutch", "battle", "resistance", "jihad", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/battle-of-batee-iliek"}, {"id": "battle-of-magelang", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Magelang", "zh": "马格朗战役", "id": "Pertempuran Magelang"}, "summary": {"en": "A significant counter-attack by Indonesian forces against Dutch-occupied Magelang (January 1949) — part of the broader guerrilla campaign following the Second Dutch Aggression, demonstrating the resilience of the TNI.", "zh": "印尼军队对荷兰占领的马格朗发起的一次重大反击（1949年1月）——第二次荷兰侵略后广泛游击战的一部分，展示了印尼国民军的韧性。", "id": "Serangan balik signifikan oleh pasukan Indonesia terhadap Magelang yang diduduki Belanda (Januari 1949) — bagian dari kampanye gerilya yang lebih luas setelah Agresi Belanda Kedua, menunjukkan ketahanan TNI."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "battle", "1949", "magelang", "central-java", "guerrilla", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/battle-of-magelang"}, {"id": "battle-of-surabaya", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Battle of Surabaya", "zh": "泗水保卫战", "id": "Pertempuran Surabaya"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest and most iconic battle of the Indonesian National Revolution (November 10, 1945) — a three-week confrontation between Indonesian freedom fighters and British-Dutch forces that became a symbol of Indonesian resistance and is commemorated as National Heroes' Day.", "zh": "印尼民族革命中规模最大、最具标志性的战役（1945年11月10日）——印尼自由战士与英荷联军为期三周的对峙，成为印尼抵抗的象征，被纪念为民族英雄日。", "id": "Pertempuran terbesar dan paling ikonik dalam Revolusi Nasional Indonesia (10 November 1945) — konfrontasi tiga minggu antara pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia dan pasukan Inggris-Belanda yang menjadi simbol perlawanan Indonesia dan diperingati sebagai Hari Pahlawan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["event", "battle", "surabaya", "1945", "heroes-day", "bung-tomo", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/battle-of-surabaya"}, {"id": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Independent and Active Foreign Policy", "zh": "独立积极外交政策", "id": "Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational principle of Indonesian foreign policy — first articulated by Vice President Mohammad Hatta in 1948 — committing Indonesia to an independent, non-aligned course that serves national interests while actively contributing to international peace.", "zh": "印尼外交政策的基石性原则——由副总统穆罕默德·哈达于1948年首次阐述——承诺印尼奉行独立、不结盟的路线，服务于国家利益，同时积极为国际和平作出贡献。", "id": "Prinsip dasar politik luar negeri Indonesia — pertama kali diartikulasikan oleh Wakil Presiden Mohammad Hatta pada tahun 1948 — yang mengikat Indonesia pada jalur independen dan non-blok yang melayani kepentingan nasional sambil secara aktif berkontribusi pada perdamaian internasional."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["diplomacy", "non-aligned", "foreign-policy", "hatta", "independence", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bebas-aktif-foreign-policy"}, {"id": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Independent and Active Foreign Policy", "zh": "独立积极外交政策", "id": "Politik Luar Negeri Bebas Aktif"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational principle of Indonesian foreign policy — first articulated by Vice President Mohammad Hatta in 1948 — committing Indonesia to an independent, non-aligned course that serves national interests while actively contributing to international peace.", "zh": "印尼外交政策的基石性原则——由副总统穆罕默德·哈达于1948年首次阐述——承诺印尼奉行独立、不结盟的路线，服务于国家利益，同时积极为国际和平作出贡献。", "id": "Prinsip dasar politik luar negeri Indonesia — pertama kali diartikulasikan oleh Wakil Presiden Mohammad Hatta pada tahun 1948 — yang mengikat Indonesia pada jalur independen dan non-blok yang melayani kepentingan nasional sambil secara aktif berkontribusi pada perdamaian internasional."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["diplomacy", "non-aligned", "foreign-policy", "hatta", "independence", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bebas-aktif-foreign-policy"}, {"id": "bonjol", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "BPUPKI", "zh": "独立筹备委员会", "id": "BPUPKI"}, "summary": {"en": "The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (1945)—a Japanese-sponsored body tasked with drafting the foundation of an independent Indonesia, whose 62 members included Sukarno, Hatta, and other nationalist leaders, and whose sessions produced the Pancasila state philosophy and the framework for the Indonesian constitution.", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立筹备工作调查委员会（1945年）——一个由日本支持成立的组织，负责起草独立印度尼西亚的基础，其62名成员包括苏加诺、哈达和其他民族主义领袖，其会议产生了潘查希拉国家哲学和印尼宪法框架。", "id": "Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945)—sebuah badan yang disponsori Jepang yang bertugas menyusun dasar-dasar Indonesia merdeka, yang 62 anggotanya termasuk Sukarno, Hatta, dan pemimpin nasionalis lainnya, dan sidangnya menghasilkan falsafah negara Pancasila dan kerangka konstitusi Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["organization", "independence", "pancasila", "sukarno", "hatta", "constitution", "japanese-occupation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bonjol"}, {"id": "bpupki", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "BPUPKI", "zh": "独立筹备委员会", "id": "BPUPKI"}, "summary": {"en": "The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (1945)—a Japanese-sponsored body tasked with drafting the foundation of an independent Indonesia, whose 62 members included Sukarno, Hatta, and other nationalist leaders, and whose sessions produced the Pancasila state philosophy and the framework for the Indonesian constitution.", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立筹备工作调查委员会（1945年）——一个由日本支持成立的组织，负责起草独立印度尼西亚的基础，其62名成员包括苏加诺、哈达和其他民族主义领袖，其会议产生了潘查希拉国家哲学和印尼宪法框架。", "id": "Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945)—sebuah badan yang disponsori Jepang yang bertugas menyusun dasar-dasar Indonesia merdeka, yang 62 anggotanya termasuk Sukarno, Hatta, dan pemimpin nasionalis lainnya, dan sidangnya menghasilkan falsafah negara Pancasila dan kerangka konstitusi Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["organization", "independence", "pancasila", "sukarno", "hatta", "constitution", "japanese-occupation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/bpupki"}, {"id": "budi-utomo", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Budi Utomo", "zh": "至善社", "id": "Boedi Oetomo"}, "summary": {"en": "The first nationalist organization in the Dutch East Indies, founded on 20 May 1908 by Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo and a group of Javanese students—a cultural and educational movement that became the catalyst for the Indonesian national awakening, marking the beginning of organized resistance to Dutch colonial rule.", "zh": "荷属东印度群岛第一个民族主义组织，由瓦希丁·苏迪罗胡索多博士和一群爪哇学生于1908年5月20日成立——一个文化和教育运动，成为印尼民族觉醒的催化剂，标志着有组织的抵抗荷兰殖民统治的开始。", "id": "Organisasi nasionalis pertama di Hindia Timur Belanda, didirikan pada 20 Mei 1908 oleh Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo dan sekelompok mahasiswa Jawa—sebuah gerakan budaya dan pendidikan yang menjadi katalis bagi kebangkitan nasional Indonesia, menandai awal perlawanan terorganisir terhadap pemerintahan kolonial Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["organization", "nationalism", "budi-utomo", "awakening", "education", "modern", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/budi-utomo"}, {"id": "constitution-1945", "module": "03_history", "type": "document", "name": {"en": "1945 Constitution of Indonesia", "zh": "印度尼西亚1945年宪法", "id": "Undang-Undang Dasar 1945"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational legal document of the Republic of Indonesia, drafted by BPUPKI in July 1945 and adopted on 18 August 1945—a constitution that established the framework for a unified, independent Indonesia, enshrined the Pancasila as the state philosophy, and created the presidential system of government that has shaped the nation's political life for over seven decades.", "zh": "印度尼西亚共和国的基本法律文件，由BPUPKI于1945年7月起草，于1945年8月18日通过——一部为统一、独立的印度尼西亚建立框架的宪法，将潘查希拉确立为国家哲学，并创建了总统制政府体系，七十多年来塑造了该国的政治生活。", "id": "Dokumen hukum dasar Republik Indonesia, disusun oleh BPUPKI pada Juli 1945 dan diadopsi pada 18 Agustus 1945—sebuah konstitusi yang menetapkan kerangka bagi Indonesia yang bersatu dan merdeka, mengabadikan Pancasila sebagai falsafah negara, dan menciptakan sistem pemerintahan presidensial yang telah membentuk kehidupan politik bangsa selama lebih dari tujuh dekade."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["document", "constitution", "independence", "pancasila", "law", "government", "modern", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/constitution-1945"}, {"id": "demak-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Demak Sultanate", "zh": "淡目苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Demak"}, "summary": {"en": "The first Islamic sultanate in Java, established in the 16th century following the decline of Majapahit, marking a major political and religious transformation.", "zh": "爪哇第一个伊斯兰苏丹国，在满者伯夷衰落后于16世纪崛起，标志着爪哇政治与宗教格局的重大转变。", "id": "Kesultanan Islam pertama di Jawa yang muncul pada abad ke-16 setelah kemunduran Majapahit."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 35, "tags": ["history", "islamic", "javanese", "sultanate", "successor-state"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/demak-sultanate"}, {"id": "downstreaming industrial policy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Downstreaming Industrial Policy", "zh": "下游化工业政策", "id": "Kebijakan Hilirisasi Industri"}, "summary": {"en": "A bold economic strategy that bans the export of raw minerals and requires domestic processing — transforming Indonesia from a raw material exporter to a global manufacturing hub, with nickel, copper, and bauxite at the center.", "zh": "一项大胆的经济战略，禁止出口原矿并要求国内加工——将印尼从原材料出口国转变为全球制造业中心，以镍、铜和铝土矿为核心。", "id": "Strategi ekonomi berani yang melarang ekspor mineral mentah dan mewajibkan pemrosesan domestik — mengubah Indonesia dari eksportir bahan mentah menjadi pusat manufaktur global, dengan nikel, tembaga, dan bauksit sebagai intinya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["concept", "economy", "downstreaming", "manufacturing", "nickel", "investment", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/downstreaming-industrial-policy"}, {"id": "dutch ethical policy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Dutch Ethical Policy", "zh": "荷兰伦理政策", "id": "Politik Etis Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "A colonial policy introduced in 1901 that claimed to \"repay the debt\" to the indigenous population through education, irrigation, and welfare — in reality, it was a paternalistic system that produced the nationalist leaders who would ultimately overthrow Dutch rule.", "zh": "1901年引入的殖民政策，宣称通过教育、灌溉和福利“偿还”对原住民的债务——实际上，它造就了最终推翻荷兰统治的民族主义领袖。", "id": "Kebijakan kolonial yang diperkenalkan pada tahun 1901 yang mengklaim \"membayar utang\" kepada penduduk pribumi melalui pendidikan, irigasi, dan kesejahteraan — pada kenyataannya, itu adalah sistem paternalistik yang menghasilkan pemimpin nasionalis yang pada akhirnya menggulingkan kekuasaan Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["concept", "colonial", "policy", "1901", "ethical-policy", "nationalism", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/dutch-ethical-policy"}, {"id": "dutch-military-aggression-1947", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "First Dutch Military Aggression", "zh": "第一次荷兰军事侵略", "id": "Agresi Militer Belanda I"}, "summary": {"en": "A major Dutch military offensive launched on 21 July 1947 against the Republic of Indonesia, aimed at crushing the independence movement, which ultimately backfired diplomatically and led to international mediation.", "zh": "1947年7月21日荷兰对印度尼西亚共和国发动的大规模军事进攻，旨在粉碎独立运动，但最终在外交上适得其反，导致国际调停。", "id": "Serangan militer Belanda yang diluncurkan pada 21 Juli 1947 terhadap Republik Indonesia, bertujuan untuk menghancurkan gerakan kemerdekaan, namun akhirnya menjadi bumerang secara diplomatik dan menyebabkan mediasi internasional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "dutch", "colonialism", "military-aggression", "1947", "java", "sumatra", "un"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/dutch-military-aggression-1947"}, {"id": "dutch-military-aggression-1948", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Second Dutch Military Aggression", "zh": "第二次荷兰军事侵略", "id": "Agresi Militer Belanda II"}, "summary": {"en": "A surprise Dutch military offensive launched on 19 December 1948 against the Republic of Indonesia, capturing Yogyakarta and exiling Sukarno and Hatta, but ultimately backfiring diplomatically by galvanizing international support for Indonesian independence.", "zh": "1948年12月19日荷兰对印度尼西亚共和国发起的突袭军事行动，攻占日惹并流放苏加诺和哈达，但最终在外交上适得其反，激发了国际社会对印尼独立的支持。", "id": "Serangan militer Belanda yang diluncurkan pada 19 Desember 1948 terhadap Republik Indonesia, merebut Yogyakarta dan mengasingkan Sukarno dan Hatta, namun akhirnya menjadi bumerang secara diplomatik dengan memicu dukungan internasional untuk kemerdekaan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "dutch", "colonialism", "military-aggression", "1948", "yogyakarta", "sukarno", "hatta"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/dutch-military-aggression-1948"}, {"id": "east timor invasion", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "East Timor Invasion", "zh": "东帝汶事件", "id": "Invasi Timor Timur"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's military invasion of East Timor on December 7, 1975 — a controversial chapter in Indonesian history that led to a 24-year occupation, widespread human rights violations, and ultimately, East Timor's independence in 2002.", "zh": "1975年12月7日印尼对东帝汶的军事入侵——印尼历史上具有争议的一章，导致了24年的占领、广泛的人权侵犯，并最终于2002年促成东帝汶独立。", "id": "Invasi militer Indonesia ke Timor Timur pada 7 Desember 1975 — babak kontroversial dalam sejarah Indonesia yang menyebabkan pendudukan 24 tahun, pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang meluas, dan akhirnya, kemerdekaan Timor Timur pada tahun 2002."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "invasion", "east-timor", "1975", "human-rights", "controversial", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/east-timor-invasion"}, {"id": "first-dutch-aggression", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "First Dutch Military Aggression", "zh": "第一次荷兰军事侵略", "id": "Agresi Militer Belanda Pertama"}, "summary": {"en": "The Dutch colonial army's first military assault on the Republic of Indonesia (July 20 – August 4, 1947) — launched after the collapse of the Linggadjati Agreement, triggering UN Security Council intervention and the establishment of a ceasefire.", "zh": "荷兰殖民军对印度尼西亚共和国的第一次军事进攻（1947年7月20日-8月4日）——在林芽椰蒂协定破裂后发动，引发联合国安理会干预并建立停火。", "id": "Serangan militer pertama Belanda terhadap Republik Indonesia (20 Juli – 4 Agustus 1947) — diluncurkan setelah runtuhnya Perjanjian Linggadjati, memicu intervensi Dewan Keamanan PBB dan pembentukan gencatan senjata."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "war", "aggression", "1947", "dutch", "un", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/first-dutch-aggression"}, {"id": "g20 indonesia presidency", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "G20 Indonesia Presidency", "zh": "G20印尼主席国", "id": "Presidensi G20 Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's leadership of the Group of Twenty (G20) in 2022 — a landmark in Indonesian diplomacy that culminated in the Bali Summit and showcased Indonesia's role as a bridge-builder amid global geopolitical polarization.", "zh": "印尼2022年担任二十国集团（G20）主席国——印尼外交的里程碑，最终以巴厘岛峰会告终，展示了印尼在全球地缘政治极化中作为桥梁建设者的角色。", "id": "Kepemimpinan Indonesia di Group of Twenty (G20) pada tahun 2022 — tonggak sejarah diplomasi Indonesia yang berpuncak pada KTT Bali dan menunjukkan peran Indonesia sebagai pembangun jembatan di tengah polarisasi geopolitik global."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["diplomacy", "g20", "2022", "multilateral", "leadership", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/g20-indonesia-presidency"}, {"id": "general-offensive-march-1949", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "General Offensive of 1 March 1949", "zh": "1949年3月1日总攻", "id": "Serangan Umum 1 Maret 1949"}, "summary": {"en": "A six-hour offensive by TNI forces against Dutch-occupied Yogyakarta (March 1, 1949) — led by Lieutenant Colonel Suharto, the attack proved that Indonesian resistance was still alive and became a major propaganda victory for the Republic.", "zh": "印尼国民军对荷兰占领的日惹发动六小时攻势（1949年3月1日）——由苏哈托中校指挥，这次进攻证明了印尼抵抗力量仍然存在，成为共和国一次重大的宣传胜利。", "id": "Serangan enam jam oleh pasukan TNI terhadap Yogyakarta yang diduduki Belanda (1 Maret 1949) — dipimpin oleh Letnan Kolonel Suharto, serangan ini membuktikan bahwa perlawanan Indonesia masih hidup dan menjadi kemenangan propaganda besar bagi Republik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["event", "battle", "1949", "yogyakarta", "suharto", "propaganda", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/general-offensive-march-1949"}, {"id": "genocide", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Genocide in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的种族灭绝", "id": "Genosida di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A tragic chapter in Indonesian history—the systematic mass killings of the Banda Islands by the Dutch VOC (1621) and the anti-communist purges of 1965–1966—acts of violence that have left deep scars on the national psyche, whose full histories are still being uncovered and whose legacies continue to shape Indonesian society.", "zh": "印尼历史上悲剧性的一章——荷兰VOC在班达群岛的系统性大规模屠杀（1621年）和1965–1966年的反共清洗——给民族心理留下了深刻创伤的暴力行为，其完整历史仍在被揭开，其遗产继续塑造着印尼社会。", "id": "Sebuah babak tragis dalam sejarah Indonesia—pembunuhan massal sistematis di Kepulauan Banda oleh VOC Belanda (1621) dan pembersihan anti-komunis 1965–1966—tindakan kekerasan yang telah meninggalkan luka dalam pada jiwa bangsa, yang sejarah lengkapnya masih terus diungkap dan warisannya terus membentuk masyarakat Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["violence", "genocide", "bandan", "massacre", "1965", "pki", "trauma", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/genocide"}, {"id": "greater-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Greater Indonesia", "zh": "大印尼主义", "id": "Indonesia Raya"}, "summary": {"en": "An irredentist political concept that sought to unite the Malay race across the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, and British Borneo into a single independent political entity.", "zh": "一种领土收复主义政治概念，主张将荷属东印度、英属马来亚和英属婆罗洲的马来民族统一为一个独立的政治实体。", "id": "Konsep politik irredentis yang berusaha menyatukan bangsa Melayu di Hindia Belanda, Malaya Britania, dan Borneo Britania menjadi satu entitas politik independen."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 21, "tags": ["concept", "irredentism", "nationalism", "sukarno", "malay-race", "cold-war", "confrontation"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/greater-indonesia"}, {"id": "guided-democracy", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Guided Democracy", "zh": "有领导的民主", "id": "Demokrasi Terpimpin"}, "summary": {"en": "The political system introduced by President Sukarno in 1959, replacing liberal parliamentary democracy with a system of presidential rule, military influence, and nationalist-populist ideology — a system that sought to balance the competing forces of the military, the communists, and religious groups, but ultimately led to political instability and the rise of Suharto's New Order.", "zh": "苏加诺总统于1959年引入的政治体系，以总统统治、军事影响和民族主义-民粹主义意识形态取代自由议会民主——一个试图平衡军队、共产党和宗教团体等相互竞争力量的体系，但最终导致了政治不稳定和苏哈托新秩序的崛起。", "id": "Sistem politik yang diperkenalkan oleh Presiden Sukarno pada 1959, menggantikan demokrasi parlementer liberal dengan sistem pemerintahan presidensial, pengaruh militer, dan ideologi nasionalis-populis — sebuah sistem yang berusaha menyeimbangkan kekuatan militer, komunis, dan kelompok agama yang bersaing, tetapi pada akhirnya menyebabkan ketidakstabilan politik dan kebangkitan Orde Baru Suharto."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["politics", "sukarno", "democracy", "nationalism", "military", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/guided-democracy"}, {"id": "independence-declaration", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立宣言", "id": "Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The proclamation of Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, read by Sukarno and Hatta.", "zh": "1945年8月17日，苏加诺与哈达在雅加达宣读《独立宣言》，标志着印度尼西亚共和国的诞生。", "id": "Proklamasi kemerdekaan Indonesia pada 17 Agustus 1945, dibacakan oleh Sukarno dan Hatta."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["history", "independence", "sukarno", "hatta"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/independence-declaration"}, {"id": "indonesia asean chairmanship", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesia's ASEAN Chairmanship", "zh": "印尼任东盟主席国", "id": "Keketuaan ASEAN Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's leadership of ASEAN in 2023 — a year of navigating the Myanmar crisis, laying the foundation for ASEAN Community Vision 2045, and strengthening regional decision-making, reinforcing Indonesia's role as ASEAN's anchor.", "zh": "印尼2023年担任东盟主席国——应对缅甸危机、为东盟共同体愿景2045奠定基础、加强区域决策的一年，巩固了印尼作为东盟支柱的角色。", "id": "Kepemimpinan Indonesia di ASEAN pada tahun 2023 — tahun navigasi krisis Myanmar, meletakkan dasar Visi Komunitas ASEAN 2045, dan memperkuat pengambilan keputusan regional, memperkuat peran Indonesia sebagai jangkar ASEAN."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["diplomacy", "regional", "asean", "2023", "leadership", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesia-asean-chairmanship"}, {"id": "indonesia-withdrawal-from-un", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesia's Withdrawal from the UN", "zh": "印尼退出联合国", "id": "Penarikan Indonesia dari PBB"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's dramatic withdrawal from the United Nations on January 1, 1965 — a protest against Malaysia's admission as a non-permanent member of the Security Council, marking the peak of Sukarno's confrontation policy.", "zh": "1965年1月1日印尼戏剧性退出联合国——抗议马来西亚被接纳为安理会非常任理事国，标志着苏加诺对抗政策的顶峰。", "id": "Penarikan dramatis Indonesia dari Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada 1 Januari 1965 — protes terhadap masuknya Malaysia sebagai anggota tidak tetap Dewan Keamanan, menandai puncak kebijakan konfrontasi Sukarno."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1965", "sukarno", "malaysia", "united-nations", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesia-withdrawal-from-un"}, {"id": "indonesian diplomatic mission", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Diplomatic Missions", "zh": "印尼外交使团", "id": "Misi Diplomatik Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "Young Indonesian diplomats sent abroad during the National Revolution to gain international recognition — operating from cramped offices, on shoestring budgets, they outmaneuvered Dutch diplomats and won support for the Republic.", "zh": "民族革命期间派往海外的年轻印尼外交官，为争取国际承认而奋斗——在狭小的办公室和微薄的预算中运作，他们智胜荷兰外交官，为共和国赢得了支持。", "id": "Diplomat muda Indonesia yang dikirim ke luar negeri selama Revolusi Nasional untuk mendapatkan pengakuan internasional — beroperasi dari kantor sempit dengan anggaran tipis, mereka mengalahkan diplomat Belanda dan memenangkan dukungan untuk Republik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1946", "1949", "young-diplomats", "international-recognition", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-diplomatic-mission"}, {"id": "indonesian national revolution", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesian National Revolution", "zh": "印度尼西亚民族革命", "id": "Revolusi Nasional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The four-year armed and diplomatic struggle (1945–1949) waged by Indonesian nationalists against Dutch attempts to re-establish colonial rule after World War II — a revolution that transformed the proclamation of independence into a reality, cost hundreds of thousands of lives, and gave birth to the modern Republic of Indonesia.", "zh": "印度尼西亚民族主义者在二战后为反对荷兰重新建立殖民统治而进行的为期四年的武装和外交斗争（1945–1949）——一场将独立宣言变为现实的革命，付出了数十万人的生命代价，并诞生了现代印度尼西亚共和国。", "id": "Perjuangan bersenjata dan diplomatik selama empat tahun (1945–1949) yang dilakukan oleh para nasionalis Indonesia melawan upaya Belanda untuk membangun kembali pemerintahan kolonial setelah Perang Dunia II — sebuah revolusi yang mengubah proklamasi kemerdekaan menjadi kenyataan, menelan ratusan ribu korban jiwa, dan melahirkan Republik Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "revolution", "independence", "sukarno", "hatta", "war", "diplomacy", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"id": "indonesian-constitution", "module": "03_history", "type": "document", "name": {"en": "1945 Constitution of Indonesia", "zh": "印度尼西亚1945年宪法", "id": "Undang-Undang Dasar 1945"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational legal document of the Republic of Indonesia, drafted by BPUPKI in July 1945 and adopted on 18 August 1945 — a constitution that established the framework for a unified, independent Indonesia, enshrined the Pancasila as the state philosophy, and created the presidential system of government that has shaped the nation's political life for over seven decades.", "zh": "印度尼西亚共和国的基本法律文件，由BPUPKI于1945年7月起草，于1945年8月18日通过——一部为统一、独立的印度尼西亚建立框架的宪法，将潘查希拉确立为国家哲学，并创建了总统制政府体系，七十多年来塑造了该国的政治生活。", "id": "Dokumen hukum dasar Republik Indonesia, disusun oleh BPUPKI pada Juli 1945 dan diadopsi pada 18 Agustus 1945 — sebuah konstitusi yang menetapkan kerangka bagi Indonesia yang bersatu dan merdeka, mengabadikan Pancasila sebagai falsafah negara, dan menciptakan sistem pemerintahan presidensial yang telah membentuk kehidupan politik bangsa selama lebih dari tujuh dekade."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["document", "constitution", "independence", "pancasila", "law", "government", "modern", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-constitution"}, {"id": "indonesian-independence", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Independence", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立", "id": "Kemerdekaan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The historic proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 by Sukarno and Hatta, declaring the birth of the Republic of Indonesia—a moment that ended over 340 years of Dutch colonial rule and launched a four-year armed and diplomatic struggle that would finally win international recognition on 27 December 1949.", "zh": "1945年8月17日由苏加诺和哈达宣读的历史性独立宣言，宣告印度尼西亚共和国的诞生——这一时刻结束了超过340年的荷兰殖民统治，并开启了长达四年的武装和外交斗争，最终于1949年12月27日赢得国际承认。", "id": "Proklamasi kemerdekaan bersejarah pada 17 Agustus 1945 oleh Sukarno dan Hatta, yang mendeklarasikan kelahiran Republik Indonesia—sebuah momen yang mengakhiri lebih dari 340 tahun pemerintahan kolonial Belanda dan meluncurkan perjuangan bersenjata dan diplomatik selama empat tahun yang akhirnya memenangkan pengakuan internasional pada 27 Desember 1949."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["history", "independence", "sukarno", "hatta", "revolution", "modern", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-independence"}, {"id": "indonesian-national-awakening", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesian National Awakening", "zh": "印尼民族觉醒", "id": "Kebangkitan Nasional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A transformative period in the early 20th century when Indonesian intellectuals, students, and political activists began to articulate a shared national identity and demand independence from Dutch colonial rule—a movement that grew from the founding of Budi Utomo in 1908 through the Youth Pledge of 1928 to the proclamation of independence in 1945.", "zh": "20世纪初的变革时期，印尼知识分子、学生和政治活动家开始表达共同的民族认同并要求从荷兰殖民统治下独立——这场运动从1908年至善社的成立，经过1928年的青年誓言，到1945年的独立宣言。", "id": "Sebuah periode transformatif pada awal abad ke-20 ketika intelektual, mahasiswa, dan aktivis politik Indonesia mulai mengartikulasikan identitas nasional bersama dan menuntut kemerdekaan dari pemerintahan kolonial Belanda—sebuah gerakan yang tumbuh dari pendirian Budi Utomo pada 1908 melalui Sumpah Pemuda 1928 hingga proklamasi kemerdekaan pada 1945."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["history", "nationalism", "independence", "budi-utomo", "youth-pledge", "suharto", "modern", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-national-awakening"}, {"id": "indonesian-national-revolution", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesian National Revolution", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立革命", "id": "Revolusi Nasional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The armed and diplomatic struggle (1945–1949) through which Indonesia secured its independence from the Netherlands, following the proclamation on 17 August 1945.", "zh": "1945年至1949年印度尼西亚通过武装斗争和外交手段争取独立的历程，自1945年8月17日独立宣言后展开。", "id": "Perjuangan bersenjata dan diplomatik (1945–1949) yang mengantarkan Indonesia meraih kemerdekaan dari Belanda, menyusul proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 63, "tags": ["history", "revolution", "independence", "war", "diplomacy", "modern-history"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"id": "inter-indonesia-conference", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Inter-Indonesia Conference", "zh": "全印尼协商会议", "id": "Konferensi Antara-Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A crucial conference in Yogyakarta (July 1949) that united Indonesian nationalists from all factions — a decisive step toward a single, unified Indonesian state and the rejection of the Dutch federal model.", "zh": "在日惹举行的关键会议（1949年7月）——将所有派别的印尼民族主义者团结在一起——迈向统一印尼国家的决定性一步，并拒绝了荷兰的联邦模式。", "id": "Konferensi penting di Yogyakarta (Juli 1949) yang menyatukan nasionalis Indonesia dari semua faksi — langkah penting menuju negara Indonesia yang bersatu dan penolakan terhadap model federal Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1949", "yogyakarta", "unity", "federal", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/inter-indonesia-conference"}, {"id": "jakarta charter", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Jakarta Charter", "zh": "雅加达宪章", "id": "Piagam Jakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "The controversial document drafted on June 22, 1945, that proposed including \"the obligation to carry out Islamic law\" in Indonesia's constitution — a compromise between Islamic and nationalist factions that was later removed.", "zh": "1945年6月22日起草的争议性文件，提议在印尼宪法中加入“履行伊斯兰法的义务”——伊斯兰派与民族主义派之间的妥协，后被删除。", "id": "Dokumen kontroversial yang dirancang pada 22 Juni 1945, yang mengusulkan pencantuman \"kewajiban menjalankan syariat Islam\" dalam konstitusi Indonesia — kompromi antara faksi Islam dan nasionalis yang kemudian dihapus."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["concept", "constitution", "1945", "islam", "nationalism", "pancasila", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/jakarta-charter"}, {"id": "java-war", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Java War", "zh": "爪哇战争", "id": "Perang Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A devastating five-year conflict (1825–1830) between Javanese forces led by Prince Diponegoro and the Dutch colonial army — the most costly war in the history of Dutch colonialism in Java, which claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and marked the beginning of the end of Javanese political independence.", "zh": "由迪波内戈罗王子领导的爪哇军队与荷兰殖民军队之间一场毁灭性的五年冲突（1825–1830）——荷兰殖民主义在爪哇历史上代价最大的战争，夺去了数十万人的生命，标志着爪哇政治独立的终结的开始。", "id": "Konflik lima tahun yang dahsyat (1825–1830) antara pasukan Jawa yang dipimpin oleh Pangeran Diponegoro dan tentara kolonial Belanda — perang paling mahal dalam sejarah kolonialisme Belanda di Jawa, yang menelan ratusan ribu jiwa dan menandai awal dari berakhirnya kemerdekaan politik Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["war", "colonial", "dutch", "java", "diponegoro", "resistance", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/java-war"}, {"id": "konfrontasi malaysia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Konfrontasi (Confrontation with Malaysia)", "zh": "马印对抗", "id": "Konfrontasi Malaysia"}, "summary": {"en": "A three-year armed and diplomatic conflict (1963–1966) between Indonesia and Malaysia — President Sukarno's military confrontation against the creation of Malaysia, which Indonesia saw as a British neo-colonial project.", "zh": "印尼与马来西亚之间为期三年的武装和外交冲突（1963–1966年）——苏加诺总统以军事对抗反对马来西亚的成立，印尼视其为英国新殖民主义计划。", "id": "Konflik bersenjata dan diplomatik tiga tahun (1963–1966) antara Indonesia dan Malaysia — konfrontasi militer Presiden Sukarno terhadap pembentukan Malaysia, yang dianggap Indonesia sebagai proyek neo-kolonial Inggris."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "war", "1963", "1966", "sukarno", "malaysia", "confrontation", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/konfrontasi-malaysia"}, {"id": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation", "zh": "印尼-马来西亚对抗", "id": "Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia"}, "summary": {"en": "A three-year conflict (1963–1966) between Indonesia and the newly-formed Federation of Malaysia — a campaign of military incursions, guerrilla attacks, and diplomatic pressure launched by President Sukarno in opposition to the formation of Malaysia, which ended with the fall of Sukarno and the normalization of relations.", "zh": "印度尼西亚与新成立的马来西亚联邦之间为期三年的冲突（1963–1966）——苏加诺总统发起的军事入侵、游击袭击和外交压力运动，以反对马来西亚的成立，以苏加诺下台和关系正常化告终。", "id": "Konflik tiga tahun (1963–1966) antara Indonesia dan Federasi Malaysia yang baru terbentuk — sebuah kampanye invasi militer, serangan gerilya, dan tekanan diplomatik yang diluncurkan oleh Presiden Sukarno dalam menentang pembentukan Malaysia, yang berakhir dengan jatuhnya Sukarno dan normalisasi hubungan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "conflict", "sukarno", "malaysia", "confrontation", "military", "diplomacy", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/konfrontasi-malaysia"}, {"id": "konfrontasi", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (Konfrontasi)", "zh": "印尼-马来西亚对抗（Konfrontasi）", "id": "Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia"}, "summary": {"en": "An armed conflict between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1963 to 1966, sparked by Indonesia's opposition to the formation of Malaysia and its pursuit of the Greater Indonesia ideal.", "zh": "1963至1966年印尼与马来西亚之间的武装冲突，由印尼反对马来西亚成立并追求大印尼主义理想而引发。", "id": "Konflik bersenjata antara Indonesia dan Malaysia dari 1963 hingga 1966, dipicu oleh penentangan Indonesia terhadap pembentukan Malaysia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["history", "war", "conflict", "sukarno", "malaysia", "cold-war", "confrontation"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/konfrontasi"}, {"id": "linggadjati-agreement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Linggadjati Agreement", "zh": "林加贾蒂协议", "id": "Perjanjian Linggadjati"}, "summary": {"en": "A diplomatic agreement signed on 25 March 1947 between the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands, in which the Dutch recognized Indonesian sovereignty over Java, Sumatra, and Madura — the first formal recognition of Indonesian independence, though it was soon broken by Dutch military action, leading to the continuation of the Indonesian National Revolution.", "zh": "1947年3月25日印度尼西亚共和国与荷兰签署的外交协议，荷兰承认印尼对爪哇、苏门答腊和马达加斯加的主权——这是对印尼独立的第一次正式承认，但很快被荷兰的军事行动打破，导致印尼民族革命的继续。", "id": "Sebuah perjanjian diplomatik yang ditandatangani pada 25 Maret 1947 antara Republik Indonesia dan Belanda, di mana Belanda mengakui kedaulatan Indonesia atas Jawa, Sumatra, dan Madura — pengakuan formal pertama kemerdekaan Indonesia, tetapi segera dilanggar oleh aksi militer Belanda, menyebabkan kelanjutan Revolusi Nasional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "diplomacy", "independence", "dutch", "revolution", "agreement", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/linggadjati-agreement"}, {"id": "malari-incident", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Malari Incident", "zh": "玛拉里事件", "id": "Peristiwa Malari"}, "summary": {"en": "A protest and riot in Jakarta on January 15, 1974 — sparked by the visit of Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei and fueled by anti-Japanese sentiment and economic grievances — a moment of political unrest that revealed the limits of New Order stability.", "zh": "1974年1月15日雅加达的抗议和骚乱——由日本首相田中角荣访问引发，由反日情绪和经济不满助燃——一个揭示新秩序稳定限度的政治动荡时刻。", "id": "Protes dan kerusuhan di Jakarta pada 15 Januari 1974 — dipicu oleh kunjungan Perdana Menteri Jepang Tanaka Kakuei dan didorong oleh sentimen anti-Jepang dan keluhan ekonomi — momen gejolak politik yang mengungkap batas stabilitas Orde Baru."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["event", "protest", "1974", "jakarta", "anti-japanese", "students", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/malari-incident"}, {"id": "malaysia", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Malaysia", "zh": "马来西亚", "id": "Malaysia"}, "summary": {"en": "A federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia, formed on 16 September 1963, whose creation triggered the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (Konfrontasi) and became the central geopolitical contradiction of Greater Indonesia ideology.", "zh": "东南亚联邦君主立宪制国家，成立于1963年9月16日，其成立引发了印尼-马来西亚对抗（Konfrontasi），并成为大印尼主义意识形态的核心地缘政治矛盾。", "id": "Sebuah monarki konstitusional federal di Asia Tenggara, dibentuk pada 16 September 1963, yang pembentukannya memicu Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia dan menjadi kontradiksi geopolitik sentral dari ideologi Greater Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["history", "geopolitics", "southeast-asia", "malaysia", "konfrontasi", "greater-indonesia", "nusantara", "british-colonialism"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/malaysia"}, {"id": "maphilindo", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Maphilindo", "zh": "马菲印联盟", "id": "MAPHILINDO"}, "summary": {"en": "A short-lived proposed confederation of Malaya, the Philippines, and Indonesia, born from the shared dream of a united Malay race in July 1963, which collapsed within months due to the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation (Konfrontasi)—a forgotten blueprint for pan-Malay unity that foreshadowed the complexities of ASEAN.", "zh": "一个短命的拟议联盟，由马来亚、菲律宾和印度尼西亚于1963年7月组成，源于统一马来民族的共同梦想，却因印尼与马来西亚的对抗（Konfrontasi）在数月内崩溃——这是泛马来团结的被遗忘蓝图，预示了东盟的复杂性。", "id": "Sebuah konfederasi yang dicadangkan dan berumur pendek dari Malaya, Filipina, dan Indonesia, lahir dari impian bersama untuk bangsa Melayu yang bersatu pada Julai 1963, yang runtuh dalam beberapa bulan akibat Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia—sebuah cetak biru yang dilupakan untuk perpaduan pan-Melayu yang meramalkan kerumitan ASEAN."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "diplomacy", "cold-war", "pan-malay", "sukarno", "macapagal", "konfrontasi", "asean"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/maphilindo"}, {"id": "masyumi-party", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Masyumi Party", "zh": "马斯友美党", "id": "Partai Masyumi"}, "summary": {"en": "A major Islamic political party in Indonesia from 1945 to 1960, representing the interests of Muslim communities and advocating for an Islamic state — a party that played a key role in the early years of Indonesian independence, before it was banned by Sukarno in 1960 for its involvement in regional rebellions.", "zh": "1945年至1960年印尼主要的伊斯兰政党，代表穆斯林社区的利益，倡导建立伊斯兰国家——该党在印尼独立初期发挥了关键作用，后因参与地区叛乱于1960年被苏加诺取缔。", "id": "Sebuah partai politik Islam utama di Indonesia dari 1945 hingga 1960, mewakili kepentingan komunitas Muslim dan mengadvokasi negara Islam — sebuah partai yang memainkan peran kunci pada tahun-tahun awal kemerdekaan Indonesia, sebelum dilarang oleh Sukarno pada 1960 karena keterlibatannya dalam pemberontakan regional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["organization", "political-party", "islam", "independence", "suharto", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/masyumi-party"}, {"id": "mataram-sultanate", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Mataram Sultanate", "zh": "马打兰苏丹国", "id": "Kesultanan Mataram"}, "summary": {"en": "A powerful Islamic sultanate in Java that succeeded Demak and became the dominant power in Central Java from the 16th to 18th centuries.", "zh": "淡目之后继承爪哇主导权的伊斯兰苏丹国，自16世纪至18世纪在爪哇岛中南部称霸。", "id": "Kesultanan Islam kuat di Jawa yang menggantikan Demak dan menjadi kekuatan dominan di Jawa Tengah."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 51, "tags": ["history", "islamic", "javanese", "sultanate", "successor-state"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/mataram-sultanate"}, {"id": "new-order-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "New Order Indonesia", "zh": "新秩序", "id": "Orde Baru Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The authoritarian developmentalist regime of President Suharto (1966–1998) — a period of rapid economic growth, political repression, and systematic corruption that reshaped Indonesia and ultimately collapsed in the 1998 Reformasi.", "zh": "苏哈托总统的威权发展主义体制（1966–1998）——经济快速增长、政治压迫和系统性腐败并存的时期，重塑了印尼，最终在1998年改革运动中崩溃。", "id": "Rezim otoriter-pembangunan Presiden Suharto (1966–1998) — periode pertumbuhan ekonomi pesat, represi politik, dan korupsi sistematis yang membentuk kembali Indonesia dan akhirnya runtuh dalam Reformasi 1998."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["concept", "modern-history", "suharto", "new-order", "development", "authoritarian", "1966", "1998"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/new-order-indonesia"}, {"id": "new-order", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "New Order", "zh": "新秩序", "id": "Orde Baru"}, "summary": {"en": "The authoritarian regime established by Suharto after his rise to power in 1966, lasting until his resignation in 1998 — a period of rapid economic growth, political stability, and systematic corruption, marked by the suppression of political opposition, the centralization of power, and the marginalization of the military's role in governance.", "zh": "苏哈托在1966年掌权后建立的威权政权，一直持续到1998年辞职——一个经济增长迅速、政治稳定但腐败猖獗的时期，其特点包括压制政治反对派、权力集中和军方在治理中角色的边缘化。", "id": "Rezim otoriter yang didirikan oleh Suharto setelah naik ke tampuk kekuasaan pada 1966, berlangsung hingga pengunduran dirinya pada 1998 — sebuah periode pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pesat, stabilitas politik, dan korupsi sistematis, ditandai oleh penindasan oposisi politik, sentralisasi kekuasaan, dan marginalisasi peran militer dalam pemerintahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "politics", "authoritarian", "suharto", "development", "corruption", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/new-order"}, {"id": "non-aligned movement founding", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Founding of the Non-Aligned Movement", "zh": "不结盟运动的成立", "id": "Pendirian Gerakan Non-Blok"}, "summary": {"en": "The establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961 — with Indonesia as one of the five founding members — a global coalition of nations that sought to remain independent of both the US and Soviet blocs during the Cold War.", "zh": "1961年不结盟运动的成立——印尼是五个创始成员国之一——一个冷战期间寻求独立于美国和苏联阵营的全球国家联盟。", "id": "Pendirian Gerakan Non-Blok pada tahun 1961 — dengan Indonesia sebagai salah satu dari lima anggota pendiri — koalisi global negara-negara yang berusaha tetap independen dari blok AS dan Soviet selama Perang Dingin."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["diplomacy", "non-aligned", "1961", "sukarno", "cold-war", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/non-aligned-movement-founding"}, {"id": "non-aligned-movement", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Non-Aligned Movement", "zh": "不结盟运动", "id": "Gerakan Non-Blok"}, "summary": {"en": "A global movement of nations seeking to remain independent of both the US and Soviet blocs during the Cold War — founded in 1961, with Indonesia as one of its five original members, based on the principles of the Bandung Conference.", "zh": "冷战期间寻求独立于美国和苏联阵营的国家全球运动——1961年成立，印尼是五个创始成员国之一，基于万隆会议的原则。", "id": "Gerakan global negara-negara yang berusaha tetap independen dari blok AS dan Soviet selama Perang Dingin — didirikan pada tahun 1961, dengan Indonesia sebagai salah satu dari lima anggota pendiri, berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Konferensi Bandung."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["concept", "diplomacy", "1961", "non-aligned", "cold-war", "sukarno", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/non-aligned-movement"}, {"id": "padri-movement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Padri Movement", "zh": "帕德里运动", "id": "Gerakan Padri"}, "summary": {"en": "An Islamic reform movement in West Sumatra during the early 19th century, led by religious scholars seeking to purify the practice of Islam and challenge traditional adat — a movement that evolved into the Padri War (1821–1837), a bloody conflict against the Dutch colonial forces and the Minangkabau traditional elites that would reshape the religious and political landscape of the region.", "zh": "19世纪初西苏门答腊的一场伊斯兰改革运动，由寻求净化伊斯兰教实践并挑战传统习惯法的宗教学者领导——一场演变为帕德里战争（1821–1837）的运动，一场反对荷兰殖民军队和米南加保传统精英的血腥冲突，重塑了该地区的宗教和政治面貌。", "id": "Sebuah gerakan reformasi Islam di Sumatera Barat pada awal abad ke-19, dipimpin oleh ulama yang berusaha memurnikan praktik Islam dan menantang adat tradisional — sebuah gerakan yang berkembang menjadi Perang Padri (1821–1837), konflik berdarah melawan pasukan kolonial Belanda dan elit tradisional Minangkabau yang akan membentuk kembali lanskap religius dan politik wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "islam", "reform", "war", "minangkabau", "dutch", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/padri-movement"}, {"id": "petition of fifty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Petition of Fifty", "zh": "五十人请愿书", "id": "Petisi Lima Puluh"}, "summary": {"en": "A 1980 petition signed by fifty prominent Indonesian figures — including intellectuals, former ministers, and retired generals — criticizing President Suharto's authoritarian rule and demanding political reform.", "zh": "1980年由五十位印尼知名人物签署的请愿书——包括知识分子、前部长和退休将军——批评苏哈托总统的威权统治并要求政治改革。", "id": "Petisi 1980 yang ditandatangani oleh lima puluh tokoh terkemuka Indonesia — termasuk intelektual, mantan menteri, dan jenderal pensiunan — mengkritik pemerintahan otoriter Presiden Suharto dan menuntut reformasi politik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "petition", "1980", "suharto", "dissent", "intellectuals", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/petition-of-fifty"}, {"id": "petition-of-fifty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Petition of Fifty", "zh": "五十人请愿书", "id": "Petisi Lima Puluh"}, "summary": {"en": "A 1956 petition signed by fifty Indonesian intellectuals, politicians, and former revolutionaries, calling for the dissolution of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and expressing concerns about the growing influence of communism in the country — a document that marked a turning point in the political tensions that would culminate in the 1965 coup and the rise of Suharto's New Order.", "zh": "1956年由五十位印尼知识分子、政治家和前革命者签署的请愿书，呼吁解散印度尼西亚共产党（PKI），并对共产主义在该国日益增长的影响力表示担忧——一份标志着政治紧张局势转折点的文件，最终导致了1965年的政变和苏哈托新秩序的崛起。", "id": "Sebuah petisi tahun 1956 yang ditandatangani oleh lima puluh intelektual, politisi, dan mantan revolusioner Indonesia, menyerukan pembubaran Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) dan menyatakan keprihatinan tentang pengaruh komunisme yang berkembang di negara ini — sebuah dokumen yang menandai titik balik dalam ketegangan politik yang akan berpuncak pada kudeta 1965 dan kebangkitan Orde Baru Suharto."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "politics", "petition", "pki", "sukarno", "communism", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/petition-of-fifty"}, {"id": "petroleum-nationalization", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Petroleum Nationalization", "zh": "石油国有化", "id": "Nasionalisasi Minyak Bumi"}, "summary": {"en": "The Indonesian government's takeover of foreign oil companies in the 1960s and 1970s — a move that asserted national sovereignty over resources and funded the country's development, transforming Indonesia into an oil state.", "zh": "印尼政府在1960年代和1970年代接管外国石油公司——一项确立国家资源主权并为国家发展提供资金的决定，将印尼转变为石油国家。", "id": "Pengambilalihan perusahaan minyak asing oleh pemerintah Indonesia pada tahun 1960-an dan 1970-an — langkah yang menegaskan kedaulatan nasional atas sumber daya dan membiayai pembangunan negara, mengubah Indonesia menjadi negara minyak."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "economy", "oil", "1960", "1970", "nationalism", "suharto", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/petroleum-nationalization"}, {"id": "pki", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Communist Party of Indonesia", "zh": "印度尼西亚共产党", "id": "Partai Komunis Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A major political party in Indonesia from its founding in 1920 until its destruction in 1965 — a party that grew to become one of the largest communist parties in the world outside of China and the Soviet Union, whose growing influence led to the 30 September Movement, the anti-communist purges, and the eventual rise of Suharto's New Order.", "zh": "从1920年成立到1965年被摧毁，印尼的主要政党之一——该党发展成为除中国和苏联之外世界上最大的共产党之一，其日益增长的影响力导致了九三〇运动、反共清洗以及苏哈托新秩序的最终崛起。", "id": "Sebuah partai politik utama di Indonesia dari pendiriannya pada 1920 hingga kehancurannya pada 1965 — sebuah partai yang tumbuh menjadi salah satu partai komunis terbesar di dunia di luar Cina dan Uni Soviet, yang pengaruhnya yang semakin besar menyebabkan Gerakan 30 September, pembersihan anti-komunis, dan kebangkitan Orde Baru Suharto."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["organization", "communist", "politics", "sukarno", "30-september-movement", "suharto", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/pki"}, {"id": "pontianak-massacres", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Pontianak Massacres", "zh": "坤甸大屠杀", "id": "Pembantaian Pontianak"}, "summary": {"en": "A series of mass executions carried out by Japanese forces in West Kalimantan in 1944–1945, targeting suspected anti-Japanese conspirators — an act of brutality that resulted in the deaths of thousands of Indonesian, Chinese, and Arab civilians, and remains one of the darkest chapters of the Japanese occupation in the archipelago.", "zh": "1944–1945年日本军队在西加里曼丹进行的一系列大规模处决，目标是涉嫌反日阴谋者——一场暴行导致数千名印尼、华人和阿拉伯平民丧生，至今仍是日本占领群岛期间最黑暗的篇章之一。", "id": "Serangkaian eksekusi massal yang dilakukan oleh pasukan Jepang di Kalimantan Barat pada 1944–1945, menargetkan mereka yang dicurigai sebagai konspirator anti-Jepang — sebuah tindakan kebrutalan yang mengakibatkan kematian ribuan warga sipil Indonesia, Cina, dan Arab, dan tetap menjadi salah satu babak tergelap dari pendudukan Jepang di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "war", "violence", "japanese-occupation", "massacre", "kalimantan", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/pontianak-massacres"}, {"id": "proclamation-of-independence", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Proclamation of Indonesian Independence", "zh": "印度尼西亚独立宣言", "id": "Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The historic declaration read by Sukarno on August 17, 1945 — the birth of the Republic of Indonesia, proclaimed in the midst of a power vacuum following Japan's surrender and the beginning of the four-year struggle for independence.", "zh": "1945年8月17日苏加诺宣读的历史性宣言——印度尼西亚共和国的诞生，在日本投降后的权力真空中宣告，开启了为期四年的独立斗争。", "id": "Deklarasi bersejarah yang dibacakan oleh Sukarno pada 17 Agustus 1945 — kelahiran Republik Indonesia, diproklamasikan di tengah kekosongan kekuasaan setelah menyerahnya Jepang dan awal dari perjuangan empat tahun untuk kemerdekaan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["event", "independence", "sukarno", "1945", "modern-history", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/proclamation-of-independence"}, {"id": "reformasi-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Reformasi Indonesia", "zh": "印尼改革运动", "id": "Reformasi Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The 1998 movement that ended President Suharto's 32-year rule — a student-led protest that forced political change, triggered by the Asian financial crisis, culminating in Suharto's resignation and the beginning of democratization.", "zh": "1998年结束苏哈托总统32年统治的运动——由亚洲金融危机引发的学生主导的抗议，迫使政治变革，最终导致苏哈托辞职和民主化的开始。", "id": "Gerakan 1998 yang mengakhiri kekuasaan Presiden Suharto selama 32 tahun — protes yang dipimpin mahasiswa yang memaksa perubahan politik, dipicu oleh krisis finansial Asia, yang berpuncak pada pengunduran diri Suharto dan awal demokratisasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["event", "protest", "1998", "suharto", "reformasi", "democratization", "students", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/reformasi-indonesia"}, {"id": "reformasi", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Reformasi (Reformation)", "zh": "改革运动", "id": "Reformasi"}, "summary": {"en": "The democratic reform movement that began after Suharto's fall in 1998, leading to constitutional amendments and decentralization.", "zh": "1998年苏哈托倒台后开启的民主改革运动，推动宪法修订、地方自治和言论自由。", "id": "Gerakan reformasi demokratis yang dimulai setelah jatuhnya Suharto pada tahun 1998."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["history", "reformasi", "democracy", "decentralization"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/reformasi"}, {"id": "renville-agreement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Renville Agreement", "zh": "伦维尔协定", "id": "Perjanjian Renville"}, "summary": {"en": "A ceasefire agreement signed on 17 January 1948 between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia, brokered by the UN Good Offices Committee aboard the USS Renville, which was highly unfavorable to the Republic and led to the loss of key territories.", "zh": "1948年1月17日在联合国斡旋委员会调解下，荷兰与印度尼西亚共和国在伦维尔号军舰上签署的停火协议，该协议对共和国极为不利，导致其丧失关键领土。", "id": "Perjanjian gencatan senjata yang ditandatangani pada 17 Januari 1948 antara Belanda dan Republik Indonesia, dimediasi oleh Komite Jasa Baik PBB di atas USS Renville, yang sangat merugikan Republik dan menyebabkan hilangnya wilayah-wilayah kunci."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["history", "dutch", "colonialism", "diplomacy", "ceasefire", "1948", "united-nations", "renville"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/renville-agreement"}, {"id": "repelita-development", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Repelita Development", "zh": "印尼五年发展规划", "id": "Pembangunan Repelita"}, "summary": {"en": "A series of five-year development plans launched by President Suharto (1969–1998) — designed to achieve rapid economic growth through state-led industrialization and infrastructure development, funded by oil revenues and foreign investment.", "zh": "苏哈托总统推出的一系列五年发展计划（1969–1998）——旨在通过国家主导的工业化和基础设施建设实现经济快速增长，由石油收入和外国投资资助。", "id": "Rangkaian rencana pembangunan lima tahun yang diluncurkan oleh Presiden Suharto (1969–1998) — dirancang untuk mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat melalui industrialisasi dan pembangunan infrastruktur yang dipimpin negara, didanai oleh pendapatan minyak dan investasi asing."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["concept", "development", "economy", "suharto", "repelita", "1969", "1998", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/repelita-development"}, {"id": "republican-merchant-ships", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Republican Merchant Ships", "zh": "共和国商船队", "id": "Kapal-Kapal Dagang Republik"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesian merchant ships that broke the Dutch naval blockade during the National Revolution (1945-1949) — daring voyages that smuggled arms, supplies, and diplomatic personnel through the Dutch blockade, sustaining the Republic's survival.", "zh": "民族革命期间突破荷兰海上封锁的印尼商船（1945-1949年）——大胆的航行，通过荷兰封锁走私武器、物资和外交人员，维系了共和国的生存。", "id": "Kapal-kapal dagang Indonesia yang menembus blokade laut Belanda selama Revolusi Nasional (1945-1949) — pelayaran berani yang menyelundupkan senjata, perlengkapan, dan personel diplomatik melalui blokade Belanda, mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup Republik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["event", "naval", "blockade", "1945", "1949", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/republican-merchant-ships"}, {"id": "roem-roijen-agreement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Roem-Roijen Agreement", "zh": "鲁姆-鲁伊恩协定", "id": "Perjanjian Roem-Roijen"}, "summary": {"en": "An agreement signed on 7 May 1949 between the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands, brokered by the UN Good Offices Committee, which restored the Republican government to Yogyakarta and paved the way for the Round Table Conference.", "zh": "1949年5月7日由联合国斡旋委员会调解，印度尼西亚共和国与荷兰签署的协议，恢复了共和政府在日惹的地位，并为圆桌会议铺平了道路。", "id": "Perjanjian yang ditandatangani pada 7 Mei 1949 antara Republik Indonesia dan Belanda, dimediasi oleh Komite Jasa Baik PBB, yang mengembalikan pemerintahan Republik ke Yogyakarta dan membuka jalan bagi Konferensi Meja Bundar."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["history", "dutch", "colonialism", "diplomacy", "ceasefire", "1949", "united-nations", "roem-roijen"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/roem-roijen-agreement"}, {"id": "round-table-conference-1949", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Round Table Conference", "zh": "圆桌会议", "id": "Konferensi Meja Bundar"}, "summary": {"en": "A conference held in The Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949 between the Republic of Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the Federal Consultative Assembly, which resulted in the Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty on 27 December 1949.", "zh": "1949年8月23日至11月2日在海牙举行的会议，由印度尼西亚共和国、荷兰和联邦协商议会参加，最终促成荷兰于1949年12月27日承认印尼主权。", "id": "Konferensi yang diadakan di Den Haag dari 23 Agustus hingga 2 November 1949 antara Republik Indonesia, Belanda, dan Majelis Permusyawaratan Federal, yang menghasilkan pengakuan Belanda atas kedaulatan Indonesia pada 27 Desember 1949."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "diplomacy", "independence", "1949", "dutch", "united-nations", "decolonization", "round-table-conference"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/round-table-conference-1949"}, {"id": "round-table-conference", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference", "zh": "荷印圆桌会议", "id": "Konferensi Meja Bundar"}, "summary": {"en": "A conference held in The Hague in 1949 that resulted in Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty — the diplomatic conclusion of the Indonesian National Revolution, which transferred sovereignty from the Netherlands to the Republic of Indonesia on 27 December 1949, marking the birth of the modern Indonesian state.", "zh": "1949年在海牙举行的会议，导致荷兰承认印度尼西亚主权——印度尼西亚民族革命的外交结局，于1949年12月27日将主权从荷兰移交给印度尼西亚共和国，标志着现代印度尼西亚国家的诞生。", "id": "Sebuah konferensi yang diadakan di Den Haag pada 1949 yang menghasilkan pengakuan Belanda atas kedaulatan Indonesia — kesimpulan diplomatik dari Revolusi Nasional Indonesia, yang menyerahkan kedaulatan dari Belanda kepada Republik Indonesia pada 27 Desember 1949, menandai kelahiran negara Indonesia modern."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["history", "diplomacy", "independence", "revolution", "dutch", "agreement", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/round-table-conference"}, {"id": "sarekat islam", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Sarekat Islam", "zh": "伊斯兰联盟", "id": "Sarekat Islam"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneering Indonesian nationalist organization — founded in 1911, it became the first mass-based political movement in the Dutch East Indies, uniting Islamic, nationalist, and economic aspirations in the struggle against colonialism.", "zh": "一个先驱性的印尼民族主义组织——成立于1911年，成为荷属东印度群岛第一个以群众为基础的政治运动，在反对殖民主义的斗争中团结了伊斯兰、民族主义和经济愿望。", "id": "Organisasi nasionalis Indonesia perintis — didirikan pada tahun 1911, menjadi gerakan politik massa pertama di Hindia Belanda, menyatukan aspirasi Islam, nasionalis, dan ekonomi dalam perjuangan melawan kolonialisme."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["organization", "nationalist", "islamic", "anti-colonial", "early-movement"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/sarekat-islam"}, {"id": "sarekat-islam", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "Sarekat Islam", "zh": "伊斯兰联盟", "id": "Sarekat Islam"}, "summary": {"en": "A mass-based Islamic organization founded in 1911 that became a major force in the Indonesian national awakening — a movement that united merchants, intellectuals, and religious leaders in a common struggle for economic justice, political rights, and national independence, and whose leaders shaped the early development of Indonesian nationalism.", "zh": "1911年成立的大众性伊斯兰组织，成为印尼民族觉醒的主要力量——一个将商人、知识分子和宗教领袖团结在争取经济正义、政治权利和民族独立的共同斗争中的运动，其领导人塑造了印尼民族主义的早期发展。", "id": "Sebuah organisasi Islam berbasis massa yang didirikan pada 1911 yang menjadi kekuatan utama dalam kebangkitan nasional Indonesia — sebuah gerakan yang menyatukan pedagang, intelektual, dan pemimpin agama dalam perjuangan bersama untuk keadilan ekonomi, hak politik, dan kemerdekaan nasional, dan yang para pemimpinnya membentuk perkembangan awal nasionalisme Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["organization", "islam", "nationalism", "independence", "political", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/sarekat-islam"}, {"id": "second-dutch-aggression", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Second Dutch Military Aggression", "zh": "第二次荷兰军事侵略", "id": "Agresi Militer Belanda Kedua"}, "summary": {"en": "The Dutch colonial army's second assault on the Republic of Indonesia (December 19-29, 1948) — launched on the pretext that the Republic had violated the Renville Agreement, resulting in the capture of Yogyakarta and the arrest of Sukarno and Hatta.", "zh": "荷兰殖民军对印度尼西亚共和国的第二次进攻（1948年12月19-29日）——以共和国违反伦维尔协定为借口发动，导致日惹陷落、苏加诺和哈达被俘。", "id": "Serangan kedua Belanda terhadap Republik Indonesia (19-29 Desember 1948) — diluncurkan dengan dalih Republik melanggar Perjanjian Renville, mengakibatkan jatuhnya Yogyakarta dan penangkapan Sukarno dan Hatta."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["event", "war", "aggression", "1948", "yogyakarta", "sukarno", "hatta", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/second-dutch-aggression"}, {"id": "seka-truna-truni", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Seka Truna Truni", "zh": "青年联合组织", "id": "Seka Truna Truni"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese youth organization founded in 1928 that played a key role in the Indonesian national awakening — a movement that united young Balinese in the struggle for independence, promoting education, cultural preservation, and political consciousness, and helping to integrate Bali into the wider Indonesian nationalist movement.", "zh": "1928年成立的巴厘青年组织，在印尼民族觉醒中发挥了关键作用——一个将巴厘青年团结在争取独立斗争中的运动，促进教育、文化保护和政治意识，并帮助将巴厘融入更广泛的印尼民族主义运动。", "id": "Sebuah organisasi pemuda Bali yang didirikan pada 1928 yang memainkan peran kunci dalam kebangkitan nasional Indonesia — sebuah gerakan yang menyatukan pemuda Bali dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan, mempromosikan pendidikan, pelestarian budaya, dan kesadaran politik, serta membantu mengintegrasikan Bali ke dalam gerakan nasionalis Indonesia yang lebih luas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["organization", "youth", "bali", "nationalism", "independence", "education", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/seka-truna-truni"}, {"id": "september-30-movement", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "30 September Movement", "zh": "九三〇运动", "id": "Gerakan 30 September (G30S)"}, "summary": {"en": "A pivotal and deeply controversial event in modern Indonesian history, beginning on the night of September 30, 1965, when a group of military officers kidnapped and murdered six army generals. This act served as the catalyst for a violent anti-communist purge, the destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), the fall of President Sukarno, and the rise of General Suharto's three-decade-long \"New Order\" dictatorship.", "zh": "现代印度尼西亚历史上一个关键且极具争议的事件，始于1965年9月30日晚，一群军官绑架并杀害了六名陆军将领。这一行为成为暴力反共清洗、摧毁印尼共产党（PKI）、推翻苏加诺总统以及苏哈托将军长达三十年\"新秩序\"独裁统治崛起的催化剂。", "id": "Peristiwa penting dan sangat kontroversial dalam sejarah modern Indonesia, dimulai pada malam 30 September 1965, ketika sekelompok perwira militer menculik dan membunuh enam jenderal Angkatan Darat. Tindakan ini menjadi katalis untuk pembersihan anti-komunis yang kejam, penghancuran Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), jatuhnya Presiden Sukarno, dan kebangkitan rezim diktator \"Orde Baru\" Jenderal Suharto yang berlangsung selama tiga dekade."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "history", "cold-war", "coup", "mass-violence", "pki", "suharto", "sukarno"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/september-30-movement"}, {"id": "singapore", "module": "03_history", "type": "country", "name": {"en": "Singapore", "zh": "新加坡", "id": "Singapura"}, "summary": {"en": "A city-state that joined Malaysia in 1963, was expelled in 1965, and became the ultimate symbol of the failure of Greater Indonesia's irredentist vision.", "zh": "1963年加入马来西亚、1965年被驱逐的城邦国家，成为大印尼统一主义愿景失败的终极象征。", "id": "Sebuah negara kota yang bergabung dengan Malaysia pada 1963, dikeluarkan pada 1965, dan menjadi simbol utama kegagalan visi irredentis Greater Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["country", "singapore", "history", "geopolitics", "konfrontasi", "greater-indonesia"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/singapore"}, {"id": "stanford-raffles", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "General Sudirman", "zh": "苏迪曼将军", "id": "Jenderal Sudirman"}, "summary": {"en": "The commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949) — a brilliant military strategist who led guerrilla warfare against Dutch forces, fighting from his sickbed with tuberculosis, and became a symbol of the nation's struggle for independence, courage, and sacrifice.", "zh": "印度尼西亚民族革命（1945–1949）期间的印尼武装部队司令——一位杰出的军事战略家，领导游击战对抗荷兰军队，身患结核病仍坚持作战，成为国家争取独立、勇气和牺牲的象征。", "id": "Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata Indonesia selama Revolusi Nasional Indonesia (1945–1949) — seorang ahli strategi militer yang brilian yang memimpin perang gerilya melawan pasukan Belanda, berjuang dari tempat tidur sakitnya karena tuberkulosis, dan menjadi simbol perjuangan bangsa untuk kemerdekaan, keberanian, dan pengorbanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["figure", "general", "national-hero", "independence", "revolution", "guerrilla", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/stanford-raffles"}, {"id": "suharto-new-order", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Suharto's New Order", "zh": "苏哈托新秩序", "id": "Orde Baru"}, "summary": {"en": "The authoritarian rule of President Suharto from 1967 to 1998, marked by economic growth, systematic corruption, and political repression.", "zh": "1967至1998年苏哈托的威权统治，经济高速发展、制度化腐败和政治镇压是其三大特征。", "id": "Pemerintahan otoriter Presiden Suharto dari 1967 hingga 1998."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["history", "suharto", "new-order", "authoritarian", "development"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/suharto-new-order"}, {"id": "sukarno-era", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Sukarno Era", "zh": "苏加诺时代", "id": "Era Sukarno"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's first president from 1945 to 1967, known for Guided Democracy and the Non-Aligned Movement.", "zh": "1945至1967年印尼首任总统，推行\"有领导的民主\"，发起不结盟运动，塑造了印尼早期的国家性格。", "id": "Presiden pertama Indonesia dari 1945 hingga 1967."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["history", "sukarno", "guided-democracy", "non-aligned"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/sukarno-era"}, {"id": "sultan-muhammad-daud", "module": "03_history", "type": "figure", "name": {"en": "Sultan Muhammad Daud", "zh": "穆罕默德·达乌德苏丹", "id": "Sultan Muhammad Daud"}, "summary": {"en": "The last sultan of the Aceh Sultanate, who ruled during the final years of the Aceh War — a figure of resistance who led the Acehnese struggle against the Dutch until his capture and exile in 1903, marking the end of Acehnese sovereignty and the final consolidation of Dutch colonial rule in northern Sumatra.", "zh": "亚齐苏丹国的最后一位苏丹，在亚齐战争最后几年统治——一位抵抗人物，领导亚齐人对抗荷兰的斗争，直到1903年被俘并流放，标志着亚齐主权的终结和荷兰殖民统治在苏门答腊北部的最终巩固。", "id": "Sultan terakhir Kesultanan Aceh, yang memerintah selama tahun-tahun terakhir Perang Aceh — seorang tokoh perlawanan yang memimpin perjuangan Aceh melawan Belanda sampai penangkapan dan pembuangannya pada 1903, menandai berakhirnya kedaulatan Aceh dan konsolidasi akhir pemerintahan kolonial Belanda di Sumatra utara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["figure", "sultan", "aceh", "resistance", "exile", "colonial", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/sultan-muhammad-daud"}, {"id": "sumatra-treaty", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Sumatra Treaty", "zh": "苏门答腊条约", "id": "Traktat Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "An 1871 treaty between the Netherlands and Great Britain, in which Britain recognized Dutch influence in northern Sumatra in exchange for Dutch confirmation of Britain's equal trading rights in the East Indies — a diplomatic agreement that paved the way for the Dutch conquest of Aceh and the Aceh War (1873–1903).", "zh": "1871年荷兰与英国之间的条约，英国承认荷兰在北苏门答腊的影响力，以换取荷兰确认英国在东印度群岛的平等贸易权——一项为荷兰征服亚齐和亚齐战争（1873–1903）铺平道路的外交协议。", "id": "Sebuah perjanjian 1871 antara Belanda dan Inggris, di mana Inggris mengakui pengaruh Belanda di Sumatra utara sebagai imbalan atas konfirmasi Belanda tentang hak dagang Inggris yang setara di Hindia Timur — sebuah perjanjian diplomatik yang membuka jalan bagi penaklukan Aceh oleh Belanda dan Perang Aceh (1873–1903)."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "diplomacy", "treaty", "dutch", "british", "aceh", "sumatra", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/sumatra-treaty"}, {"id": "teuku-umar-rebellion", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Teuku Umar Rebellion", "zh": "特库·乌玛尔叛乱", "id": "Pemberontakan Teuku Umar"}, "summary": {"en": "A controversial episode of the Aceh War (1893–1896) in which the Acehnese resistance leader Teuku Umar pretended to surrender to the Dutch, only to turn against them with the weapons and training they had provided — a turning point in the war that demonstrated the cunning and resilience of the Acehnese resistance.", "zh": "亚齐战争（1893–1896）中一个有争议的插曲，亚齐抵抗领袖特库·乌玛尔假装向荷兰投降，却用他们提供的武器和训练反戈一击——战争中的一个转折点，展示了亚齐抵抗的狡猾和韧性。", "id": "Sebuah episode kontroversial dari Perang Aceh (1893–1896) di mana pemimpin perlawanan Aceh Teuku Umar berpura-pura menyerah kepada Belanda, hanya untuk berbalik melawan mereka dengan senjata dan pelatihan yang telah mereka berikan — sebuah titik balik dalam perang yang menunjukkan kelicikan dan ketahanan perlawanan Aceh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "rebellion", "aceh", "resistance", "guerrilla", "betrayal", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/teuku-umar-rebellion"}, {"id": "trans-sumatra toll road", "module": "03_history", "type": "infrastructure", "name": {"en": "Trans-Sumatra Toll Road", "zh": "跨苏门答腊收费公路", "id": "Jalan Tol Trans-Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "A massive infrastructure project connecting the length of Sumatra — a 2,800+ kilometer toll road that will transform the island's economy, connect its cities, and finally break the isolation of its interior.", "zh": "一个连接苏门答腊全岛的大型基础设施项目——一条超过2,800公里的收费公路，将改变该岛的经济，连接其城市，并最终打破其内陆的隔绝状态。", "id": "Proyek infrastruktur besar yang menghubungkan sepanjang Sumatra — jalan tol lebih dari 2.800 kilometer yang akan mengubah ekonomi pulau, menghubungkan kota-kotanya, dan akhirnya memecahkan isolasi pedalamannya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["infrastructure", "toll-road", "sumatra", "connectivity", "development", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/trans-sumatra-toll-road"}, {"id": "un-good-offices-committee", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "UN Good Offices Committee", "zh": "联合国斡旋委员会", "id": "Komite Jasa Baik PBB"}, "summary": {"en": "A United Nations mediation body established in 1947 to resolve the conflict between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia — the first UN peacekeeping effort in Asia, marking the beginning of international involvement in Indonesia's independence struggle.", "zh": "1947年成立的联合国调解机构，旨在解决荷兰与印度尼西亚共和国之间的冲突——联合国在亚洲的首次维和努力，标志着国际社会参与印尼独立斗争的开始。", "id": "Badan mediasi PBB yang didirikan pada tahun 1947 untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara Belanda dan Republik Indonesia — upaya perdamaian PBB pertama di Asia, menandai awal keterlibatan internasional dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "un", "1947", "mediation", "peacekeeping", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/un-good-offices-committee"}, {"id": "united-nations", "module": "03_history", "type": "organization", "name": {"en": "United Nations and Indonesia", "zh": "联合国与印度尼西亚", "id": "Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The international organization that played a crucial role in the Indonesian struggle for independence — a platform where Indonesian diplomats, led by figures like Agus Salim, argued for the recognition of Indonesian sovereignty, leading to UN mediation and ultimately the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence in 1949.", "zh": "在印度尼西亚独立斗争中发挥关键作用的国际组织——一个由阿古斯·萨利姆等人领导的印尼外交官争取承认印尼主权的平台，导致联合国调解并最终于1949年荷兰承认印尼独立。", "id": "Organisasi internasional yang memainkan peran penting dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia — sebuah platform di mana diplomat Indonesia, dipimpin oleh tokoh-tokoh seperti Agus Salim, berargumen untuk pengakuan kedaulatan Indonesia, mengarah pada mediasi PBB dan akhirnya pengakuan Belanda atas kemerdekaan Indonesia pada 1949."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["organization", "diplomacy", "independence", "international", "un", "peacekeeping", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/united-nations"}, {"id": "united-states-of-indonesia", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "United States of Indonesia", "zh": "印度尼西亚联邦共和国", "id": "Republik Indonesia Serikat"}, "summary": {"en": "A short-lived federal state established in 1949 after the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference — a political arrangement that sought to balance Indonesian nationalism with Dutch interests, which was replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia in 1950, marking the victory of the unitary state vision.", "zh": "1949年荷印圆桌会议后建立的短暂联邦国家——一种试图平衡印尼民族主义与荷兰利益的政治安排，于1950年被统一的印度尼西亚共和国取代，标志着单一国家愿景的胜利。", "id": "Sebuah negara federal berumur pendek yang didirikan pada 1949 setelah Konferensi Meja Bundar Belanda-Indonesia — sebuah pengaturan politik yang berusaha menyeimbangkan nasionalisme Indonesia dengan kepentingan Belanda, yang digantikan oleh Republik Indonesia yang bersatu pada 1950, menandai kemenangan visi negara kesatuan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["history", "politics", "federalism", "independence", "dutch", "unity", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/united-states-of-indonesia"}, {"id": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "The United States' Role in Indonesian Independence", "zh": "美国在印度尼西亚独立中的作用", "id": "Peran Amerika Serikat dalam Kemerdekaan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The United States played a crucial role in Indonesia's independence — initially supporting the Dutch, but shifting to pressure the Netherlands after recognizing the strategic importance of a stable, independent Indonesia in the Cold War.", "zh": "美国在印尼独立中发挥了关键作用——最初支持荷兰，但在认识到稳定独立的印尼在冷战中的战略重要性后，转向施压荷兰。", "id": "Amerika Serikat memainkan peran penting dalam kemerdekaan Indonesia — awalnya mendukung Belanda, tetapi beralih ke tekanan setelah mengakui pentingnya strategis Indonesia yang stabil dan merdeka dalam Perang Dingin."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "us", "cold-war", "1945", "1949", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/us-role-in-indonesian-independence"}, {"id": "van-mook-plan", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Van Mook Plan", "zh": "范·穆克计划", "id": "Rencana Van Mook"}, "summary": {"en": "A Dutch colonial proposal in 1948 to create a federal state in Indonesia — a plan designed to fragment the Republic and maintain Dutch influence, ultimately rejected by both the Republic and international opinion.", "zh": "1948年荷兰殖民者提出的联邦国家方案——旨在分裂共和国并维持荷兰影响力的计划，最终被共和国和国际舆论共同拒绝。", "id": "Proposal kolonial Belanda pada tahun 1948 untuk menciptakan negara federal di Indonesia — rencana yang dirancang untuk memecah-belah Republik dan mempertahankan pengaruh Belanda, akhirnya ditolak oleh Republik dan opini internasional."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1948", "van-mook", "federal", "dutch", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/van-mook-plan"}, {"id": "west-iran-dispute", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "West Irian Dispute", "zh": "西伊里安争端", "id": "Sengketa Irian Barat"}, "summary": {"en": "The diplomatic and military confrontation between Indonesia and the Netherlands over West Irian (Papua) from 1949 to 1962 — a conflict that tested Indonesia's unity and culminated in a U.S.-brokered transfer of sovereignty.", "zh": "1949年至1962年印尼与荷兰关于西伊里安（巴布亚）的外交和军事对峙——一场考验印尼团结的冲突，最终在美国斡旋下完成主权移交。", "id": "Konfrontasi diplomatik dan militer antara Indonesia dan Belanda atas Irian Barat (Papua) dari tahun 1949 hingga 1962 — konflik yang menguji persatuan Indonesia dan berpuncak pada pengalihan kedaulatan yang ditengahi AS."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["event", "diplomacy", "1949", "1962", "papua", "west-iran", "dutch-colonial", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/west-iran-dispute"}, {"id": "youth-pledge", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Youth Pledge", "zh": "青年誓言", "id": "Sumpah Pemuda"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic declaration made on 28 October 1928 by young Indonesian nationalists, proclaiming \"one nation, one language, one people\"—a defining moment in the Indonesian national awakening that articulated the vision of a unified Indonesia and laid the spiritual and ideological foundation for the independence struggle that would follow.", "zh": "1928年10月28日由年轻印尼民族主义者发表的历史性宣言，宣告“一个民族、一种语言、一个人民”——印尼民族觉醒中的决定性时刻，表达了统一印尼的愿景，并为随后的独立斗争奠定了精神和意识形态基础。", "id": "Sebuah deklarasi bersejarah yang dibuat pada 28 Oktober 1928 oleh para pemuda nasionalis Indonesia, yang memproklamasikan \"satu nusa, satu bangsa, satu bahasa\"—sebuah momen penting dalam kebangkitan nasional Indonesia yang mengartikulasikan visi Indonesia bersatu dan meletakkan fondasi spiritual dan ideologis bagi perjuangan kemerdekaan yang akan menyusul."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["history", "nationalism", "youth", "independence", "pledge", "modern", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/youth-pledge"}, {"id": "zheng-he-and-islam", "module": "03_history", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "Zheng He and the Spread of Islam", "zh": "郑和与伊斯兰传播", "id": "Zheng He dan Penyebaran Islam"}, "summary": {"en": "The role of Admiral Zheng He's maritime expeditions in facilitating the peaceful spread of Islam in the Indonesian archipelago during the 15th century.", "zh": "郑和船队在15世纪以和平方式推动伊斯兰教在印尼群岛传播的历史作用。", "id": "Peran pelayaran Laksamana Zheng He dalam memfasilitasi penyebaran Islam secara damai di Nusantara pada abad ke-15."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "zheng-he", "islam", "china", "diplomacy", "peaceful-spread", "15th-century", "maritime-silk-road"], "url": "./library/03_history/modern/zheng-he-and-islam"}, {"id": "legendary-kingdoms", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Legendary Kingdoms of Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉传奇王国总览", "id": "Kerajaan Legendaris Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The great kingdoms of the Nusantara archipelago — from the maritime empire of Srivijaya and the thalassocracy of Majapahit to the Islamic sultanates of Malacca and Demak — each a thread in the tapestry of the archipelago's spiritual and political history.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的伟大王国——从三佛齐的海洋帝国和满者伯夷的海上霸权到马六甲和淡目的伊斯兰苏丹国——每一支都是群岛精神与政治史织锦中的一缕丝线。", "id": "Kerajaan besar kepulauan Nusantara — dari kerajaan maritim Sriwijaya dan thalassokrasi Majapahit hingga kesultanan Islam Melaka dan Demak — masing-masing benang dalam permadani sejarah spiritual dan politik Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["history", "kingdoms", "srivijaya", "majapahit", "malacca-sultanate", "demak-sultanate", "mataram-sultanate", "samudra-pasai"], "url": "./library/03_history/overview/legendary-kingdoms"}, {"id": "arab-traders", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Arab Traders in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的阿拉伯商人", "id": "Pedagang Arab di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The merchants from the Arabian Peninsula who sailed the Indian Ocean for centuries, bringing not just spices and textiles but also the Islamic faith to the Malay-Indonesian world—the carriers of a new religion that would, through peaceful trade and cultural exchange, transform the spiritual landscape of the archipelago.", "zh": "几个世纪以来在印度洋航行的阿拉伯半岛商人，不仅带来了香料和纺织品，还将伊斯兰教信仰带到了马来-印度尼西亚世界——这种新宗教的传播者通过和平贸易和文化交流，改变了群岛的精神面貌。", "id": "Para pedagang dari Semenanjung Arab yang berlayar di Samudra Hindia selama berabad-abad, membawa tidak hanya rempah-rempah dan tekstil tetapi juga iman Islam ke dunia Melayu-Indonesia—para pembawa agama baru yang, melalui perdagangan dan pertukaran budaya yang damai, akan mengubah lanskap spiritual Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["trade", "islam", "arab", "spice-trade", "commerce", "cultural-exchange", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/arab-traders"}, {"id": "bugis maritime trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Bugis Maritime Trade", "zh": "布吉斯海上贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Maritim Bugis"}, "summary": {"en": "The vast seaborne trading network of the Bugis people — from Sulawesi to Malacca, from Java to the Philippines — a maritime empire that predated and outlasted the European colonial presence.", "zh": "布吉斯人广阔的海洋贸易网络——从苏拉威西到马六甲，从爪哇到菲律宾——一个先于欧洲殖民存在并比其存续更久的海洋帝国。", "id": "Jaringan perdagangan laut luas masyarakat Bugis — dari Sulawesi ke Melaka, dari Jawa ke Filipina — kerajaan maritim yang mendahului dan bertahan lebih lama dari kehadiran kolonial Eropa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["trade", "maritime", "bugis", "sulawesi", "malacca", "diaspora", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/bugis-maritime-trade"}, {"id": "bugis-maritime-trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Bugis Maritime Trade", "zh": "布吉斯海上贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Maritim Bugis"}, "summary": {"en": "The vast seafaring network of the Bugis people of South Sulawesi—renowned sailors and merchants who dominated the maritime trade of eastern Indonesia for centuries, connecting the Maluku spice islands to Java, Sumatra, Malacca, and beyond, and whose wooden schooners (*pinisi*) remain a symbol of Indonesian maritime heritage and seafaring resilience.", "zh": "南苏拉威西布吉斯人的庞大航海网络——几个世纪以来主导印尼东部海上贸易的著名水手和商人，将马鲁古香料群岛与爪哇、苏门答腊、马六甲及更远的地方连接起来，他们的木制帆船（*pinisi*）至今仍是印尼海洋遗产和航海韧性的象征。", "id": "Jaringan pelayaran luas masyarakat Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan—pelaut dan pedagang terkenal yang mendominasi perdagangan maritim Indonesia timur selama berabad-abad, menghubungkan kepulauan rempah Maluku dengan Jawa, Sumatra, Melaka, dan sekitarnya, dan kapal layar kayu mereka (*pinisi*) tetap menjadi simbol warisan maritim Indonesia dan ketahanan pelayaran."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["trade", "bugis", "maritime", "sulawesi", "pinisi", "spice-trade", "seafaring", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/bugis-maritime-trade"}, {"id": "clove trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Clove Trade", "zh": "丁香贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Cengkeh"}, "summary": {"en": "The spice that built empires — cloves were the most prized commodity in the pre-modern world, native only to the Maluku Islands, and their trade shaped the history of the entire Nusantara archipelago for centuries.", "zh": "缔造帝国的香料——丁香是前现代世界最珍贵的商品，仅原产于马鲁古群岛，其贸易数世纪以来塑造了整个努山塔拉群岛的历史。", "id": "Rempah yang membangun kerajaan — cengkeh adalah komoditas paling berharga di dunia pra-modern, hanya berasal dari Kepulauan Maluku, dan perdagangannya membentuk sejarah seluruh Nusantara selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["trade", "spice", "clove", "maluku", "commodity", "colonial", "voc", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/clove-trade"}, {"id": "clove-trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Clove Trade", "zh": "丁香贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Cengkeh"}, "summary": {"en": "The trade in cloves that once made the Maluku Islands the center of the world—a commerce of such value that it funded empires, launched voyages across uncharted oceans, and reshaped the global economy, driven by the fragrant buds of a tree that grew wild on a handful of islands.", "zh": "曾使马鲁古群岛成为世界中心的丁香贸易——一种价值如此之高的商业，它资助了帝国、开启了穿越未知海洋的航行，并重塑了全球经济，其驱动力来自一种仅在少数岛屿上野生生长的树的芬芳花蕾。", "id": "Perdagangan cengkeh yang pernah menjadikan Kepulauan Maluku sebagai pusat dunia—perdagangan yang nilainya begitu tinggi sehingga membiayai kekaisaran, meluncurkan pelayaran melintasi samudra yang belum dipetakan, dan membentuk kembali ekonomi global, didorong oleh kuncup harum dari pohon yang tumbuh liar di segelintir pulau."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["concept", "history", "trade", "spice-trade", "maluku", "clove", "colonialism", "maritime"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/clove-trade"}, {"id": "maluku-spice-islands", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Maluku Spice Islands", "zh": "马鲁古香料群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Rempah Maluku"}, "summary": {"en": "The island chain that supplied the world with cloves and nutmeg — the original \"Spice Islands,\" which were the object of global competition for centuries and the foundation of the VOC's colonial empire.", "zh": "为世界供应丁香和肉豆蔻的岛链——最初的“香料群岛”，数世纪以来是全球竞争的对象，也是VOC殖民帝国的基础。", "id": "Rantai pulau yang memasok dunia dengan cengkeh dan pala — \"Kepulauan Rempah\" asli, yang menjadi objek persaingan global selama berabad-abad dan fondasi kerajaan kolonial VOC."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["trade", "spice", "maluku", "spice-islands", "colonial", "voc", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/maluku-spice-islands"}, {"id": "nutmeg trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Nutmeg Trade", "zh": "肉豆蔻贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Pala"}, "summary": {"en": "The spice that sparked global conflict — nutmeg, native only to the Banda Islands, was the most coveted spice of the early modern era, driving European empires to war and the VOC to commit atrocities in the pursuit of monopoly.", "zh": "引发全球冲突的香料——肉豆蔻，仅原产于班达群岛，是近代早期最令人觊觎的香料，驱使欧洲列强走向战争，也导致VOC为追求垄断而犯下暴行。", "id": "Rempah yang memicu konflik global — pala, hanya berasal dari Kepulauan Banda, adalah rempah paling didambakan pada era modern awal, mendorong kerajaan Eropa berperang dan VOC melakukan kekejaman dalam mengejar monopoli."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["trade", "spice", "nutmeg", "banda", "commodity", "colonial", "voc", "massacre"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/nutmeg-trade"}, {"id": "nutmeg-trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Nutmeg Trade", "zh": "肉豆蔻贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Pala"}, "summary": {"en": "The trade in nutmeg and mace that once made the Banda Islands the most valuable real estate on Earth—a commerce that drew ships across oceans, funded empires, and reshaped the map of the world, all for the sake of a single seed that was worth more than gold.", "zh": "曾使班达群岛成为地球上最宝贵地产的肉豆蔻和肉豆蔻皮贸易——一种引船横渡大洋、资助帝国、重塑世界地图的商业，一切只为了一粒比黄金更值钱的种子。", "id": "Perdagangan pala dan fuli yang pernah menjadikan Kepulauan Banda sebagai properti paling berharga di Bumi—perdagangan yang menarik kapal-kapal melintasi samudra, membiayai kekaisaran, dan membentuk kembali peta dunia, semua demi sebutir biji yang nilainya melebihi emas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["concept", "history", "trade", "spice-trade", "banda-islands", "nutmeg", "colonialism", "maritime"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/nutmeg-trade"}, {"id": "pepper trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Pepper Trade", "zh": "胡椒贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Lada"}, "summary": {"en": "The everyday spice that moved the world — pepper, grown across the Nusantara archipelago, was the most traded and widely consumed spice of the pre-modern era, shaping the economies of Banten, Malacca, and the European trading empires.", "zh": "推动世界的日常香料——胡椒，遍布努山塔拉群岛，是前现代时代贸易量最大、消费最广泛的香料，塑造了万丹、马六甲和欧洲贸易帝国的经济。", "id": "Rempah sehari-hari yang menggerakkan dunia — lada, ditanam di seluruh Nusantara, adalah rempah yang paling diperdagangkan dan dikonsumsi secara luas di era pra-modern, membentuk ekonomi Banten, Melaka, dan kerajaan dagang Eropa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["trade", "spice", "pepper", "commodity", "banten", "malacca", "voc", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/pepper-trade"}, {"id": "pepper-trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Pepper Trade", "zh": "胡椒贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Lada"}, "summary": {"en": "The trade in black pepper that connected the islands of Sumatra and Java to the markets of India, China, and Europe—a commerce that was the foundation of the archipelago's maritime economy, the engine of its early trade networks, and the spice that made the journey to the East worth taking.", "zh": "将苏门答腊和爪哇诸岛与印度、中国和欧洲市场连接起来的黑胡椒贸易——一种构成群岛海洋经济基础的商业活动，其早期贸易网络的引擎，以及使通往东方的旅程值得一走的香料。", "id": "Perdagangan lada hitam yang menghubungkan pulau-pulau Sumatra dan Jawa dengan pasar India, Tiongkok, dan Eropa—perdagangan yang menjadi fondasi ekonomi maritim Nusantara, mesin jaringan perdagangan awalnya, dan rempah yang membuat perjalanan ke Timur layak dilakukan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["concept", "history", "trade", "spice-trade", "pepper", "sumatra", "java", "colonialism"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/pepper-trade"}, {"id": "port of palembang trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "trade", "name": {"en": "Port of Palembang Trade", "zh": "巨港贸易港", "id": "Pelabuhan Palembang"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancient port on the Musi River that was the heart of the Srivijaya Empire — a trading hub that connected the spice routes of the east with the trade networks of the Indian Ocean.", "zh": "穆西河畔的古老港口，三佛齐帝国的心脏——一个连接东方香料之路与印度洋贸易网络的贸易枢纽。", "id": "Pelabuhan kuno di Sungai Musi yang menjadi jantung Kerajaan Sriwijaya — pusat perdagangan yang menghubungkan jalur rempah timur dengan jaringan perdagangan Samudra Hindia."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["trade", "port", "srivijaya", "palembang", "maritime", "trade-route", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/port-of-palembang-trade"}, {"id": "spice-route", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "The Spice Route", "zh": "香料之路", "id": "Jalur Rempah"}, "summary": {"en": "The vast maritime trade network that connected the Spice Islands of Maluku to the global market, shaping the economies, cultures, and spiritual landscapes of the Nusantara archipelago for over a thousand years.", "zh": "连接马鲁古香料群岛与全球市场的庞大海上贸易网络，一千多年来塑造了努山塔拉群岛的经济、文化和精神景观。", "id": "Jaringan perdagangan maritim luas yang menghubungkan Kepulauan Rempah Maluku ke pasar global, membentuk ekonomi, budaya, dan lanskap spiritual Nusantara selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 60, "tags": ["history", "trade", "spice-route", "spice-islands", "malacca-sultanate", "srivijaya", "majapahit", "colonialism"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/spice-route"}, {"id": "spice-trade", "module": "03_history", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Spice Trade", "zh": "香料贸易", "id": "Perdagangan Rempah"}, "summary": {"en": "The lucrative global trade in cloves, nutmeg, and mace from the Maluku Islands that drove European exploration, colonization, and conflict for over four centuries—a trade that reshaped the world economy, powered the rise of the VOC and European empires, and left an enduring mark on the history and culture of the Indonesian archipelago.", "zh": "来自马鲁古群岛的丁香、肉豆蔻和豆蔻核仁的利润丰厚的全球贸易，在四个多世纪里推动着欧洲的探险、殖民和冲突——这一贸易重塑了世界经济，推动了VOC和欧洲帝国的崛起，并在印度尼西亚群岛的历史和文化上留下了持久的印记。", "id": "Perdagangan global yang menguntungkan dalam cengkih, pala, dan fuli dari Kepulauan Maluku yang mendorong eksplorasi, kolonisasi, dan konflik Eropa selama lebih dari empat abad—sebuah perdagangan yang membentuk kembali ekonomi dunia, mendorong kebangkitan VOC dan kerajaan Eropa, dan meninggalkan bekas abadi pada sejarah dan budaya kepulauan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 47, "tags": ["trade", "history", "spice", "colonialism", "voc", "maluku", "economy", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/03_history/trade/spice-trade"}, {"id": "ambon", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ambon", "zh": "安汶", "id": "Ambon"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of Maluku province, a historic spice island city known as the \"City of Music.\"", "zh": "马鲁古省首府，历史悠久的香料群岛城市，被称为\"音乐之城\"。", "id": "Ibu kota provinsi Maluku, kota kepulauan rempah bersejarah yang dikenal sebagai \"Kota Musik.\""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["city", "ambon", "maluku", "spice-islands", "music"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/ambon"}, {"id": "baiturrahman-mosque", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Baiturrahman Grand Mosque", "zh": "拜图拉赫曼大清真寺", "id": "Masjid Raya Baiturrahman"}, "summary": {"en": "A magnificent multi-domed mosque in the heart of Banda Aceh—an enduring symbol of Acehnese Islamic identity, royal power, and resilience, having survived the devastating 2004 tsunami and colonial wars, standing as one of Indonesia's most iconic religious structures.", "zh": "班达亚齐市中心一座宏伟的多穹顶清真寺——亚齐伊斯兰认同、王权和韧性的永恒象征，经受住了毁灭性的2004年海啸和殖民战争的考验，是印度尼西亚最具标志性的宗教建筑之一。", "id": "Masjid megah berkubah banyak di jantung Banda Aceh—simbol abadi identitas Islam Aceh, kekuasaan kerajaan, dan ketahanan, yang selamat dari tsunami 2004 yang menghancurkan dan perang kolonial, berdiri sebagai salah satu struktur keagamaan paling ikonik di Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["architecture", "mosque", "aceh", "islam", "landmark", "resilience", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/baiturrahman-mosque"}, {"id": "balikpapan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Balikpapan", "zh": "巴厘巴板", "id": "Balikpapan"}, "summary": {"en": "A major city in East Kalimantan, known as the economic heart of Kalimantan and a center for the oil and gas industry.", "zh": "东加里曼丹的重要城市，被称为加里曼丹的经济中心，是印尼的石油和天然气工业重镇。", "id": "Kota utama di Kalimantan Timur, dikenal sebagai jantung ekonomi Kalimantan dan pusat industri minyak dan gas."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["city", "balikpapan", "kalimantan", "east-kalimantan", "oil", "industry", "port"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/balikpapan"}, {"id": "banda-aceh", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banda Aceh", "zh": "班达亚齐", "id": "Banda Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital and largest city of Aceh province, located at the northern tip of Sumatra—a city of profound historical significance as the center of the first Islamic sultanate in the archipelago, a symbol of resilience that rose from the devastation of the 2004 tsunami, and a living testament to Acehnese faith and culture.", "zh": "亚齐省的首府和最大城市，位于苏门答腊北端——一座具有深远历史意义的城市，作为群岛第一个伊斯兰苏丹国的中心，从2004年海啸的毁灭中崛起成为韧性的象征，是亚齐信仰与文化的活态见证。", "id": "Ibu kota dan kota terbesar di provinsi Aceh, terletak di ujung utara Sumatra—kota dengan makna historis yang mendalam sebagai pusat kesultanan Islam pertama di Nusantara, simbol ketahanan yang bangkit dari kehancuran tsunami 2004, dan kesaksian hidup tentang iman dan budaya Aceh."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["geography", "city", "aceh", "sumatra", "capital", "islamic", "resilience", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/banda-aceh"}, {"id": "bandung", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bandung", "zh": "万隆", "id": "Bandung"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of West Java, known as the \"Paris of Java\" for its colonial architecture and cool climate.", "zh": "西爪哇省首府，以其殖民时期建筑和凉爽气候被称为\"爪哇的巴黎\"，也是万隆会议的举办地。", "id": "Ibu kota Jawa Barat, terkenal sebagai \"Paris van Java\" karena arsitektur kolonial dan udaranya yang sejuk."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["city", "bandung", "west-java", "colonial", "conference"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/bandung"}, {"id": "banjarmasin", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banjarmasin", "zh": "马辰", "id": "Banjarmasin"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of South Kalimantan, known for its floating markets on the Martapura River.", "zh": "南加里曼丹省首府，以马塔普拉河上的水上市场闻名。", "id": "Ibu kota Kalimantan Selatan, terkenal dengan pasar terapung di Sungai Martapura."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["city", "banjarmasin", "kalimantan", "floating-market", "south-kalimantan"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/banjarmasin"}, {"id": "banten", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banten", "zh": "万丹", "id": "Banten"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic port city on the north coast of West Java, once the capital of the powerful Banten Sultanate—a center of Islamic trade and learning that rivaled Malacca and Batavia, whose ruins of the Great Mosque and the old palace still speak of its former glory as a crossroads of commerce and faith.", "zh": "西爪哇北海岸的历史港口城市，曾经是强大的万丹苏丹国的首都——一个在贸易和学术上可与马六甲和巴达维亚匹敌的伊斯兰中心，大清真寺和旧王宫的废墟至今仍在诉说着它作为商业和信仰十字路口的昔日辉煌。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan bersejarah di pantai utara Jawa Barat, pernah menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Banten yang kuat—sebuah pusat perdagangan dan pembelajaran Islam yang menyaingi Melaka dan Batavia, reruntuhan Masjid Agung dan istana lamanya masih berbicara tentang kejayaan masa lalunya sebagai persimpangan perdagangan dan iman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "city", "sultanate", "islam", "trade", "java", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/banten"}, {"id": "banyuwangi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banyuwangi", "zh": "外南梦", "id": "Banyuwangi"}, "summary": {"en": "The easternmost city on Java, gateway to Bali and home to the spectacular Mount Ijen blue fire.", "zh": "爪哇岛最东端的城市，通往巴厘岛的门户，以伊真火山的蓝色火焰奇观闻名。", "id": "Kota paling timur di Jawa, gerbang menuju Bali dan rumah bagi api biru Gunung Ijen yang spektakuler."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["city", "banyuwangi", "java", "east-java", "ijen", "blue-fire", "tourism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/banyuwangi"}, {"id": "batavia", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Batavia", "zh": "巴达维亚", "id": "Batavia"}, "summary": {"en": "The colonial capital of the Dutch East Indies, founded in 1619 by Jan Pieterszoon Coen on the ruins of Jayakarta—a fortified city of canals, warehouses, and Dutch-style houses that became the heart of VOC power in Asia, the center of the spice trade, and the symbol of Dutch colonial rule in the archipelago for over three centuries.", "zh": "荷属东印度群岛的殖民首都，由扬·彼得松·科恩于1619年在查雅加达的废墟上建立——一座拥有运河、仓库和荷兰式房屋的设防城市，成为VOC在亚洲权力的核心、香料贸易的中心，以及三个多世纪里荷兰在群岛殖民统治的象征。", "id": "Ibu kota kolonial Hindia Timur Belanda, didirikan pada 1619 oleh Jan Pieterszoon Coen di atas reruntuhan Jayakarta—sebuah kota berbenteng dengan kanal, gudang, dan rumah bergaya Belanda yang menjadi jantung kekuasaan VOC di Asia, pusat perdagangan rempah, dan simbol pemerintahan kolonial Belanda di Nusantara selama lebih dari tiga abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 27, "tags": ["geography", "city", "colonial", "voc", "batavia", "jakarta", "dutch", "coen"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/batavia"}, {"id": "bau-bau", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bau-Bau", "zh": "巴乌巴乌", "id": "Bau-Bau"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic port city on the island of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi—the former capital of the Buton Sultanate, a maritime kingdom that flourished from the 14th to the 20th century, known for its fortress walls, Islamic heritage, and strategic position in the spice and maritime trade routes of eastern Indonesia.", "zh": "东南苏拉威西布顿岛上的历史港口城市——布顿苏丹国的前首都，一个从14世纪繁荣到20世纪的海上王国，以其堡垒城墙、伊斯兰遗产和在印尼东部香料与海上贸易路线中的战略位置而闻名。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan bersejarah di pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara—bekas ibu kota Kesultanan Buton, sebuah kerajaan maritim yang berkembang dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-20, dikenal karena tembok bentengnya, warisan Islam, dan posisi strategisnya dalam jalur perdagangan rempah dan maritim di Indonesia timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "city", "sulawesi", "buton", "sultanate", "port", "spice-trade", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/bau-bau"}, {"id": "borobudur", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Borobudur Temple", "zh": "婆罗浮屠", "id": "Candi Borobudur"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's largest Buddhist temple, a colossal 9th-century Mahayana monument in Central Java—a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the great wonders of the ancient world, built as a cosmic mountain that symbolizes the spiritual journey from earthly desire to enlightenment.", "zh": "世界上最大的佛教寺庙，位于中爪哇的9世纪大乘佛教巨型纪念碑——联合国教科文组织世界遗产和古代世界伟大奇迹之一，作为一座宇宙之山而建，象征着从尘世欲望到觉悟的精神之旅。", "id": "Candi Buddha terbesar di dunia, monumen Mahayana abad ke-9 yang kolosal di Jawa Tengah—Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO dan salah satu keajaiban dunia kuno, dibangun sebagai gunung kosmik yang melambangkan perjalanan spiritual dari keinginan duniawi menuju pencerahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["landmark", "buddhism", "unesco", "temple", "java", "ancient", "mandala", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/borobudur"}, {"id": "bukittinggi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bukittinggi", "zh": "武吉丁宜", "id": "Bukittinggi"}, "summary": {"en": "A city perched on the highlands of West Sumatra—where the Minangkabau built their civilization on volcanic slopes, where the Dutch built their forts, and where the revolutionaries made their stand, a city of cool air, ancient traditions, and the spirit of the merantau.", "zh": "一座坐落在西苏门答腊高地的城市——米南加保人在火山坡上建立文明之地，荷兰人建造堡垒之地，革命者坚守阵地之地，一座凉爽空气、古老传统和漂泊精神的城市。", "id": "Kota yang bertengger di dataran tinggi Sumatra Barat—tempat Minangkabau membangun peradaban mereka di lereng vulkanik, tempat Belanda membangun benteng mereka, dan tempat para revolusioner bertahan, kota udara sejuk, tradisi kuno, dan semangat merantau."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "city", "west-sumatra", "minangkabau", "bukittinggi", "highland", "historical", "jam-gadang"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/bukittinggi"}, {"id": "cirebon", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Cirebon", "zh": "井里汶", "id": "Cirebon"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic port city on the north coast of West Java, once the capital of the Cirebon Sultanate and a center of Islamic learning, trade, and culture—a place where Javanese, Sundanese, Chinese, and Islamic traditions converge, reflected in its unique architecture, cuisine, and the legacy of Sunan Gunung Jati, one of the Wali Songo.", "zh": "西爪哇北海岸的历史港口城市，曾为井里汶苏丹国的首都，是伊斯兰学术、贸易和文化中心——一个爪哇、巽他、华人和伊斯兰传统交汇的地方，体现在其独特的建筑、美食和瓦利松戈之一苏南·贡农·贾提的遗产中。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan bersejarah di pantai utara Jawa Barat, pernah menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Cirebon dan pusat keilmuan, perdagangan, dan budaya Islam—sebuah tempat di mana tradisi Jawa, Sunda, Cina, dan Islam bertemu, tercermin dalam arsitektur, kuliner, dan warisan Sunan Gunung Jati, salah satu Wali Songo."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "city", "west-java", "sultanate", "islam", "culture", "history", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/cirebon"}, {"id": "denpasar", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Denpasar", "zh": "登巴萨", "id": "Denpasar"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of Bali, a vibrant city and gateway to the island's cultural and tourist attractions.", "zh": "巴厘岛首府，充满活力的城市，是通往巴厘岛文化和旅游景点的大门。", "id": "Ibu kota Bali, kota yang dinamis dan gerbang menuju atraksi budaya dan wisata pulau ini."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["city", "denpasar", "bali", "tourism", "cultural"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/denpasar"}, {"id": "gresik", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Gresik", "zh": "格雷西克", "id": "Gresik"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient port city on the north coast of Java, one of the earliest centers of Islam in the archipelago—a place where Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and Chinese influences converged, and where the legendary Sunan Giri, one of the Wali Songo, established a center of Islamic learning that would shape the spiritual landscape of Java.", "zh": "爪哇北海岸的古老港口城市，群岛最早的伊斯兰中心之一——印度教-佛教、伊斯兰教和中国影响在此交汇，瓦利松戈之一的传奇人物苏南·吉里在此建立了伊斯兰学术中心，塑造了爪哇的精神面貌。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan kuno di pantai utara Jawa, salah satu pusat Islam paling awal di Nusantara—tempat di mana pengaruh Hindu-Buddha, Islam, dan Cina bertemu, dan di mana Sunan Giri yang legendaris, salah satu Wali Songo, mendirikan pusat keilmuan Islam yang akan membentuk lanskap spiritual Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "islam", "trade", "wali-songo", "java", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/gresik"}, {"id": "jakarta", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Jakarta", "zh": "雅加达", "id": "Jakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital and largest city of Indonesia, located on the northwest coast of Java, serving as the nation's political, economic, and cultural hub, and the site of the Proclamation of Independence in 1945.", "zh": "印度尼西亚的首都和最大城市，位于爪哇岛西北海岸，是该国的政治、经济和文化中心，也是1945年独立宣言的宣读地。", "id": "Ibu kota dan kota terbesar di Indonesia, terletak di pesisir barat laut Jawa, berfungsi sebagai pusat politik, ekonomi, dan budaya bangsa, serta lokasi pembacaan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan pada tahun 1945."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 69, "tags": ["city", "capital", "java", "jakarta", "metropolitan", "sinking", "cultural-hub", "independence"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/jakarta"}, {"id": "jambi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Jambi", "zh": "占碑", "id": "Jambi"}, "summary": {"en": "A province on the east coast of Sumatra, home to the ancient Malay kingdom of Melayu and later an important center of Islamic trade and learning — a land of dense rainforests, winding rivers, and the ruins of Muaro Jambi, one of the largest archaeological sites in Southeast Asia.", "zh": "苏门答腊东海岸的一个省份，古代马来王国末罗游的所在地，后来成为伊斯兰贸易和学术的重要中心——一片拥有茂密雨林、蜿蜒河流和东南亚最大考古遗址之一穆阿拉占碑的土地。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di pesisir timur Sumatra, rumah bagi kerajaan Melayu kuno dan kemudian pusat penting perdagangan dan keilmuan Islam — sebidang tanah hutan hujan lebat, sungai-sungai berkelok, dan reruntuhan Muaro Jambi, salah satu situs arkeologi terbesar di Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sumatra", "jambi", "melayu", "muaro-jambi", "temple", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/jambi"}, {"id": "kartasura", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kartasura", "zh": "卡尔塔苏拉", "id": "Kartasura"}, "summary": {"en": "A historical city in Central Java, once the capital of the Mataram Sultanate from 1680 to 1745 — a royal city that witnessed the decline of Javanese power, the rise of Dutch influence, and the founding of the Surakarta Sunanate, whose ruins still speak of the glory and tragedy of Javanese kingship.", "zh": "中爪哇的一座历史名城，1680年至1745年曾是马塔兰苏丹国的首都——一座见证了爪哇权力衰落、荷兰影响力上升以及梭罗苏丹国建立的皇城，其废墟至今仍在诉说着爪哇王权的荣耀与悲剧。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di Jawa Tengah, pernah menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Mataram dari 1680 hingga 1745 — sebuah kota kerajaan yang menyaksikan kemunduran kekuasaan Jawa, kebangkitan pengaruh Belanda, dan pendirian Kasunanan Surakarta, yang reruntuhannya masih berbicara tentang kejayaan dan tragedi kekuasaan Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "city", "java", "mataram", "surakarta", "royal", "history", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/kartasura"}, {"id": "kudus", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kudus", "zh": "库杜斯", "id": "Kudus"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic city in Central Java, known as the \"City of Kretek\" for its clove cigarette industry and as the site of the tomb of Sunan Kudus—one of the Wali Songo—making it a center of Javanese Islamic culture, trade, and syncretic tradition for over five centuries.", "zh": "中爪哇的历史名城，因其丁香烟产业而被称为“丁香烟之城”，也是瓦利松戈之一苏南·库杜斯陵墓所在地——五个多世纪以来一直是爪哇伊斯兰文化、贸易和融合传统的中心。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di Jawa Tengah, dikenal sebagai \"Kota Kretek\" karena industri rokok cengkihnya dan sebagai situs makam Sunan Kudus—salah satu Wali Songo—menjadikannya pusat budaya Islam Jawa, perdagangan, dan tradisi sinkretis selama lebih dari lima abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "java", "kudus", "kretek", "wali-songo", "islam", "syncretism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/kudus"}, {"id": "kupang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kupang", "zh": "古邦", "id": "Kupang"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of East Nusa Tenggara, located on the island of Timor, serving as a gateway to the eastern islands.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉省首府，位于帝汶岛，是通往印尼东部岛屿的门户。", "id": "Ibu kota Nusa Tenggara Timur, terletak di pulau Timor, gerbang menuju pulau-pulau timur."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["city", "kupang", "timor", "nusa-tenggara", "east-indonesia"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/kupang"}, {"id": "lasem", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lasem", "zh": "拉森", "id": "Lasem"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic port city on the north coast of Java, known as the \"Little China\" of Java for its vibrant Chinese community — a place where Javanese, Chinese, and Islamic cultures have blended for centuries, producing a unique heritage of batik, architecture, and culinary traditions that reflect the rich diversity of the archipelago.", "zh": "爪哇北海岸的历史港口城市，因其充满活力的华人社区而被称为爪哇的“小中国”——一个爪哇、中国和伊斯兰文化几个世纪以来交融的地方，产生了独特的巴迪克、建筑和烹饪传统遗产，反映了群岛丰富的多样性。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan bersejarah di pantai utara Jawa, dikenal sebagai \"Cina Kecil\" dari Jawa karena komunitas Tionghoanya yang dinamis — sebuah tempat di mana budaya Jawa, Cina, dan Islam telah bercampur selama berabad-abad, menghasilkan warisan unik batik, arsitektur, dan tradisi kuliner yang mencerminkan kekayaan keragaman Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "city", "java", "chinese", "batik", "history", "trade", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/lasem"}, {"id": "madura", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Madura", "zh": "马都拉", "id": "Madura"}, "summary": {"en": "A dry and rugged island off the northeast coast of Java, known for its distinctive culture, cattle-racing tradition, and salt production — a land of proud people, strong Islamic traditions, and a unique dialect that sets them apart from their Javanese neighbors, with a history of fierce independence and resistance to colonial rule.", "zh": "爪哇东北海岸外的一个干燥崎岖的岛屿，以其独特的文化、斗牛传统和盐业生产而闻名——一片拥有骄傲人民、强大伊斯兰传统和独特方言的土地，使他们与爪哇邻居区别开来，拥有激烈独立和反抗殖民统治的历史。", "id": "Sebuah pulau kering dan terjal di lepas pantai timur laut Jawa, dikenal dengan budayanya yang khas, tradisi balap sapi, dan produksi garam — sebuah tanah orang-orang yang bangga, tradisi Islam yang kuat, dan dialek unik yang membedakan mereka dari tetangga Jawa mereka, dengan sejarah kemerdekaan yang gigih dan perlawanan terhadap pemerintahan kolonial."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "island", "java", "madura", "culture", "cattle", "salt", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/madura"}, {"id": "magelang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Magelang", "zh": "马吉冷", "id": "Magelang"}, "summary": {"en": "A city seated between two volcanoes—Merapi and Merbabu—in the heart of Java's sacred Kedu Plain, a place of military discipline and spiritual pilgrimage, serving as the gateway to Borobudur and the keeper of memories from Java's ancient past.", "zh": "一座坐落在两座火山——默拉皮和梅尔巴布——之间的城市，位于爪哇神圣的克杜平原之心，一个军事纪律与灵性朝圣之地，通往婆罗浮屠的门户，爪哇古老过去的记忆守护者。", "id": "Kota yang duduk di antara dua gunung berapi—Merapi dan Merbabu—di jantung Dataran Kedu yang sakral di Jawa, tempat disiplin militer dan ziarah spiritual, berfungsi sebagai pintu gerbang menuju Borobudur dan penjaga ingatan dari masa lalu kuno Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "city", "central-java", "borobudur", "military", "kedu-plain", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/magelang"}, {"id": "makassar", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Makassar", "zh": "望加锡", "id": "Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest city in Sulawesi and capital of South Sulawesi, known as the gateway to eastern Indonesia.", "zh": "苏拉威西岛最大城市，南苏拉威西省首府，通往印尼东部的门户。", "id": "Kota terbesar di Sulawesi dan ibu kota Sulawesi Selatan, gerbang menuju Indonesia timur."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["city", "makassar", "sulawesi", "south-sulawesi", "port"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/makassar"}, {"id": "malacca", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Malacca", "zh": "马六甲", "id": "Melaka"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic port city on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, controlling the strategic Strait of Malacca—once the greatest emporium of the Eastern world, a crossroads of Indian, Arab, and Chinese trade, and the site where Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial ambitions first collided in the Malay-Indonesian world.", "zh": "马来半岛西海岸的历史港口城市，控制着战略性的马六甲海峡——曾是东方世界最大的商场，是印度、阿拉伯和中国贸易的十字路口，也是葡萄牙、荷兰和英国殖民野心在马来-印度尼西亚世界首次碰撞的地方。", "id": "Sebuah kota pelabuhan bersejarah di pantai barat Semenanjung Malaya, mengendalikan Selat Melaka yang strategis—pernah menjadi emporium terbesar di dunia Timur, persimpangan perdagangan India, Arab, dan Cina, dan tempat di mana ambisi kolonial Portugis, Belanda, dan Inggris pertama kali bertabrakan di dunia Melayu-Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["geography", "city", "malacca", "strait", "colonial", "portuguese", "dutch", "trade"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/malacca"}, {"id": "malang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Malang", "zh": "玛琅", "id": "Malang"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic city in East Java, nestled in the highlands between Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo—known for its cool climate, Dutch colonial architecture, vibrant university culture, and as a gateway to the sacred volcanoes of East Java, a city that has been shaped by centuries of Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and colonial influences.", "zh": "东爪哇的一座历史名城，坐落在塞梅鲁火山和布罗莫火山之间的高地——以其凉爽的气候、荷兰殖民建筑、充满活力的大学文化以及作为东爪哇神圣火山门户而闻名，一座由数个世纪的印度教-佛教、伊斯兰和殖民影响所塑造的城市。", "id": "Kota bersejarah di Jawa Timur, terletak di dataran tinggi antara Gunung Semeru dan Gunung Bromo—terkenal dengan iklimnya yang sejuk, arsitektur kolonial Belanda, budaya universitas yang dinamis, dan sebagai pintu gerbang menuju gunung-gunung suci Jawa Timur, kota yang telah dibentuk oleh pengaruh Hindu-Buddha, Islam, dan kolonial selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["geography", "city", "east-java", "colonial", "education", "cool-climate", "gateway", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/malang"}, {"id": "manado", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Manado", "zh": "万鸦老", "id": "Manado"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of North Sulawesi, famous for its Bunaken marine park and unique Minahasa cuisine.", "zh": "北苏拉威西省首府，以布纳肯海洋公园和独特的米纳哈萨美食闻名。", "id": "Ibu kota Sulawesi Utara, terkenal dengan taman laut Bunaken dan kuliner Minahasa yang unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["city", "manado", "sulawesi", "north-sulawesi", "diving"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/manado"}, {"id": "martapura", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Martapura", "zh": "马塔普拉", "id": "Martapura"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic city in South Kalimantan, once the capital of the Banjar Sultanate and a center of Islamic learning and trade — a place known for its diamond mining, its role as a center of Islamic scholarship, and its rich cultural heritage, where the traditions of the Banjar people and the legacy of the sultanate still endure.", "zh": "南加里曼丹的一座历史名城，曾是班贾尔苏丹国的首都和伊斯兰学术与贸易的中心——一个以钻石开采、伊斯兰学术中心角色和丰富文化遗产而闻名的地方，班贾尔人的传统和苏丹国的遗产仍然在此延续。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di Kalimantan Selatan, pernah menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Banjar dan pusat keilmuan dan perdagangan Islam — sebuah tempat yang dikenal dengan pertambangan intannya, perannya sebagai pusat keilmuan Islam, dan warisan budayanya yang kaya, di mana tradisi masyarakat Banjar dan warisan kesultanan masih bertahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "kalimantan", "banjar", "sultanate", "trade", "islam", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/martapura"}, {"id": "mataram-city", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mataram", "zh": "马塔兰", "id": "Mataram"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of West Nusa Tenggara, located on the island of Lombok, gateway to Mount Rinjani.", "zh": "西努沙登加拉省首府，位于龙目岛，是攀登林贾尼火山的门户。", "id": "Ibu kota Nusa Tenggara Barat, terletak di pulau Lombok, gerbang menuju Gunung Rinjani."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["city", "mataram", "lombok", "nusa-tenggara", "rinjani"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/mataram-city"}, {"id": "medan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Medan", "zh": "棉兰", "id": "Medan"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest city in Sumatra and capital of North Sumatra, a major economic and cultural center.", "zh": "苏门答腊岛最大城市，北苏门答腊省首府，是重要的经济和文化中心。", "id": "Kota terbesar di Sumatera dan ibu kota Sumatera Utara, pusat ekonomi dan budaya utama."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["city", "medan", "sumatra", "north-sumatra", "economic"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/medan"}, {"id": "minahasa", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Minahasa", "zh": "米纳哈萨", "id": "Minahasa"}, "summary": {"en": "A region in North Sulawesi, known for its volcanic landscape, Christian-majority population, and distinct cultural traditions — a land of hardy people, unique cuisine, and a history of resistance against both colonial rule and the spread of Islam, making it one of the most distinctive regions in the Indonesian archipelago.", "zh": "北苏拉威西的一个地区，以其火山地貌、基督徒占多数的居民和独特的文化传统而闻名——一片拥有坚韧人民、独特美食和抵抗殖民统治与伊斯兰教传播历史的土地，使其成为印度尼西亚群岛中最独特的地区之一。", "id": "Sebuah wilayah di Sulawesi Utara, dikenal dengan lanskap vulkaniknya, populasi mayoritas Kristen, dan tradisi budaya yang khas — sebuah tanah orang-orang tangguh, kuliner unik, dan sejarah perlawanan terhadap pemerintahan kolonial dan penyebaran Islam, menjadikannya salah satu wilayah paling khas di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "sulawesi", "minahasa", "christianity", "culture", "cuisine", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/minahasa"}, {"id": "nusantara-city", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Nusantara", "zh": "努桑塔拉", "id": "Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's new capital city, under construction in East Kalimantan since 2022—a visionary, sustainable city designed to relieve Jakarta's burden and reorient the nation's development away from Java, while facing enormous challenges of cost, displacement, and environmental impact.", "zh": "印度尼西亚的新首都，自2022年起在东加里曼丹建设——一座富有远见的可持续城市，旨在缓解雅加达的负担，并将国家发展重心从爪哇转移，同时面临成本、流离失所和环境影响等巨大挑战。", "id": "Ibu kota baru Indonesia, dalam pembangunan di Kalimantan Timur sejak 2022—sebuah kota visioner dan berkelanjutan yang dirancang untuk meringankan beban Jakarta dan mengarahkan kembali pembangunan negara dari Jawa, sambil menghadapi tantangan besar biaya, pengungsian, dan dampak lingkungan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "capital", "nusantara", "east-kalimantan", "development", "sustainability", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/nusantara-city"}, {"id": "padang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Padang", "zh": "巴东", "id": "Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of West Sumatra, known as the gateway to the Minangkabau highlands and home to the famous Rendang cuisine.", "zh": "西苏门答腊省首府，通往米南加保高地的门户，也是巴东牛肉的发源地。", "id": "Ibu kota Sumatera Barat, gerbang menuju dataran tinggi Minangkabau dan rumah bagi kuliner Rendang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["city", "padang", "sumatra", "minangkabau", "rendang"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/padang"}, {"id": "palembang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Palembang", "zh": "巨港", "id": "Palembang"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of South Sumatra, a historic city that was once the heart of the Srivijaya Empire.", "zh": "南苏门答腊省首府，历史名城，曾是三佛齐帝国的中心。", "id": "Ibu kota Sumatera Selatan, kota bersejarah yang pernah menjadi pusat Kerajaan Sriwijaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["city", "palembang", "sumatra", "srivijaya", "history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/palembang"}, {"id": "pekanbaru", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Pekanbaru", "zh": "北干巴鲁", "id": "Pekanbaru"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of Riau, a major city on the island of Sumatra and a center for the oil and palm oil industries.", "zh": "廖内省首府，苏门答腊岛上的重要城市，是石油和棕榈油工业的中心。", "id": "Ibu kota Riau, kota utama di pulau Sumatera dan pusat industri minyak dan kelapa sawit."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["city", "pekanbaru", "sumatra", "riau", "oil", "palm-oil", "port"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/pekanbaru"}, {"id": "plered", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Plered", "zh": "普勒雷德", "id": "Plered"}, "summary": {"en": "A historical city in Central Java, once the capital of the Mataram Sultanate from 1645 to 1677 — a royal city that witnessed the height of Mataram's power and the beginning of its decline, before being abandoned after the Trunajaya Rebellion, leaving behind ruins that still speak of the glory and tragedy of Javanese kingship.", "zh": "中爪哇的一座历史名城，1645年至1677年曾是马塔兰苏丹国的首都——一座见证了马塔兰权力巅峰和衰落开始的皇城，在特鲁诺乔约叛乱后被遗弃，留下的废墟至今仍在诉说着爪哇王权的荣耀与悲剧。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di Jawa Tengah, pernah menjadi ibu kota Kesultanan Mataram dari 1645 hingga 1677 — sebuah kota kerajaan yang menyaksikan puncak kekuasaan Mataram dan awal kemundurannya, sebelum ditinggalkan setelah Pemberontakan Trunajaya, meninggalkan reruntuhan yang masih berbicara tentang kejayaan dan tragedi kekuasaan Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "mataram", "java", "history", "ruins", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/plered"}, {"id": "pontianak", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Pontianak", "zh": "坤甸", "id": "Pontianak"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of West Kalimantan, uniquely located on the equator.", "zh": "西加里曼丹省首府，独特地位于赤道线上。", "id": "Ibu kota Kalimantan Barat, terletak tepat di garis khatulistiwa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["city", "pontianak", "kalimantan", "equator", "west-kalimantan"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/pontianak"}, {"id": "samarinda", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Samarinda", "zh": "三马林达", "id": "Samarinda"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of East Kalimantan, located on the Mahakam River, and the nearest major city to Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara.", "zh": "东加里曼丹省首府，位于马哈坎河畔，是距离印尼新首都努山塔拉最近的主要城市。", "id": "Ibu kota Kalimantan Timur, terletak di Sungai Mahakam, kota besar terdekat dengan ibu kota baru Indonesia, Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["city", "samarinda", "kalimantan", "east-kalimantan", "nusantara"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/samarinda"}, {"id": "sambas", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sambas", "zh": "三发", "id": "Sambas"}, "summary": {"en": "A historical city on the west coast of Kalimantan, known for its gold mining and as a center of Malay-Islamic culture — the capital of the Sambas Sultanate, a kingdom that maintained its independence from the Dutch until the 19th century, and a place where the legacy of Malay kingship and Islamic scholarship still endures.", "zh": "加里曼丹西海岸的一座历史名城，以其金矿开采和马来-伊斯兰文化中心而闻名——三发苏丹国的首都，一个直到19世纪仍保持独立于荷兰的王国，马来王权和伊斯兰学术的遗产至今仍然延续。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di pesisir barat Kalimantan, dikenal dengan pertambangan emasnya dan sebagai pusat budaya Melayu-Islam — ibu kota Kesultanan Sambas, sebuah kerajaan yang mempertahankan kemerdekaannya dari Belanda hingga abad ke-19, dan tempat di mana warisan kekuasaan Melayu dan keilmuan Islam masih bertahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "city", "kalimantan", "sambas", "sultanate", "gold", "islam", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/sambas"}, {"id": "semarang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Semarang", "zh": "三宝垄", "id": "Semarang"}, "summary": {"en": "The capital of Central Java, a historic port city with a rich blend of Javanese, Chinese, and Dutch heritage.", "zh": "中爪哇省首府，历史悠久的海港城市，融合了爪哇、中国和荷兰三种文化遗产。", "id": "Ibu kota Jawa Tengah, kota pelabuhan bersejarah dengan perpaduan warisan Jawa, Tionghoa, dan Belanda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["city", "semarang", "central-java", "port", "cultural"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/semarang"}, {"id": "sumedang", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumedang", "zh": "苏梅当", "id": "Sumedang"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic town in West Java, known for its tofu and the birthplace of the TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) during the revolutionary period—a place where Sundanese culture, colonial history, and the legacy of the national awakening converge, and the cradle of the iconic angklung orchestra.", "zh": "西爪哇的一个历史古镇，以其豆腐闻名，也是革命时期印尼国家军队（TNI）的诞生地——一个巽他文化、殖民历史和民族觉醒遗产交汇的地方，也是标志性昂格隆乐团的摇篮。", "id": "Sebuah kota bersejarah di Jawa Barat, dikenal karena tahunya dan sebagai tempat kelahiran TNI selama periode revolusioner—sebuah tempat di mana budaya Sunda, sejarah kolonial, dan warisan kebangkitan nasional bertemu, dan buaian orkestra angklung yang ikonik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "city", "west-java", "sumedang", "sunda", "tofu", "angklung", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/sumedang"}, {"id": "surabaya", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Surabaya", "zh": "泗水", "id": "Surabaya"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-largest city in Indonesia, capital of East Java, and a major commercial and industrial hub.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二大城市，东爪哇省首府，是重要的商业和工业中心，也是印尼海军的主要基地。", "id": "Kota terbesar kedua di Indonesia, ibu kota Jawa Timur, dan pusat komersial serta industri utama."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 29, "tags": ["city", "surabaya", "east-java", "industrial", "port"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/surabaya"}, {"id": "surakarta", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Surakarta (Solo)", "zh": "梭罗（苏拉卡尔塔）", "id": "Surakarta (Solo)"}, "summary": {"en": "The cultural heart of Java, home to the Surakarta Sunanate and a center of Javanese arts, including batik and wayang kulit.", "zh": "爪哇文化的心脏，苏拉卡尔塔苏南国所在地，是蜡染和皮影戏等爪哇艺术的中心。", "id": "Jantung budaya Jawa, rumah bagi Kasunanan Surakarta dan pusat seni Jawa, termasuk batik dan wayang kulit."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 28, "tags": ["city", "surakarta", "solo", "java", "central-java", "batik", "wayang", "royal"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/surakarta"}, {"id": "tampaksiring", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Tampaksiring", "zh": "坦帕克西林", "id": "Tampaksiring"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred district in central Bali, home to the holy spring of Tirta Empul—one of the island's most important pilgrimage sites—and the presidential palace built by Sukarno, a place where the ancient Hindu-Balinese traditions of purification and the modern history of Indonesia's founding father converge.", "zh": "巴厘岛中部的一个神圣地区，拥有圣泉寺——岛上最重要的朝圣地之一——以及苏加诺建造的总统府，一个古老的巴厘印度教净化传统与印尼建国之父的现代历史交汇的地方。", "id": "Sebuah distrik sakral di Bali tengah, rumah bagi mata air suci Tirta Empul—salah satu situs ziarah terpenting di pulau ini—dan istana presiden yang dibangun oleh Sukarno, sebuah tempat di mana tradisi pemurnian Hindu-Bali kuno dan sejarah modern bapak pendiri Indonesia bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "city", "bali", "tampaksiring", "tirta-empul", "sacred", "pilgrimage", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/tampaksiring"}, {"id": "tenganan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Tenganan", "zh": "滕加南", "id": "Tenganan"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional village in Bali, known for its unique culture, ancient traditions, and the Bali Aga people — a community that has preserved its pre-Majapahit customs, architecture, and rituals for centuries, making it one of the most authentic and well-preserved traditional villages in the Indonesian archipelago.", "zh": "巴厘岛的一个传统村庄，以其独特的文化、古老的传统和巴厘阿加人而闻名——一个几个世纪以来保存了满者伯夷时代之前的习俗、建筑和仪式的社区，使其成为印度尼西亚群岛中最真实、保存最完好的传统村庄之一。", "id": "Sebuah desa tradisional di Bali, dikenal dengan budayanya yang unik, tradisi kuno, dan masyarakat Bali Aga — sebuah komunitas yang telah melestarikan adat, arsitektur, dan ritual pra-Majapahitnya selama berabad-abad, menjadikannya salah satu desa tradisional paling otentik dan terawat di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "village", "bali", "bali-aga", "tradition", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/tenganan"}, {"id": "trowulan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Trowulan", "zh": "特罗乌兰", "id": "Trowulan"}, "summary": {"en": "A historical archaeological site in East Java, the capital of the Majapahit Empire — a vast city of temples, palaces, and canals that was once the center of one of the greatest empires in Indonesian history, now a site of ruins and excavation where the glory of Majapahit is still being uncovered.", "zh": "东爪哇的历史考古遗址，满者伯夷帝国的首都——一座曾经是印尼历史上最伟大帝国之一的中心的广阔城市，拥有寺庙、宫殿和运河，现在是一个遗址和发掘地，满者伯夷的辉煌仍在被揭开。", "id": "Sebuah situs arkeologi bersejarah di Jawa Timur, ibu kota Kerajaan Majapahit — sebuah kota luas dengan candi, istana, dan kanal yang pernah menjadi pusat salah satu kerajaan terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia, sekarang menjadi situs reruntuhan dan penggalian di mana kejayaan Majapahit masih terus diungkap."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "archaeology", "majapahit", "java", "ancient-city", "ruins", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/trowulan"}, {"id": "trunyan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Trunyan", "zh": "特鲁尼亚", "id": "Trunyan"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional village on the shores of Lake Batur in Bali, home to the Bali Aga people — a community known for its unique burial customs, where the dead are placed under a sacred tree rather than cremated, and for its preservation of pre-Hindu Balinese traditions, making it one of the most distinctive and mysterious villages in the archipelago.", "zh": "巴厘岛巴图尔湖畔的一个传统村庄，巴厘阿加人的家园——一个以其独特葬礼习俗而闻名的社区，死者被放置在圣树下而非火化，并保留了前印度教巴厘传统，使其成为群岛中最独特和神秘的村庄之一。", "id": "Sebuah desa tradisional di tepi Danau Batur di Bali, rumah bagi masyarakat Bali Aga — sebuah komunitas yang dikenal dengan adat pemakamannya yang unik, di mana orang mati ditempatkan di bawah pohon suci daripada dikremasi, dan untuk pelestarian tradisi Bali pra-Hindu, menjadikannya salah satu desa paling khas dan misterius di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "village", "bali", "bali-aga", "burial", "tradition", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/trunyan"}, {"id": "yogyakarta", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Yogyakarta", "zh": "日惹", "id": "Yogyakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "The cultural heart of Java, home to the Sultan's Palace and gateway to Borobudur and Prambanan.", "zh": "爪哇文化之心，拥有苏丹王宫、婆罗浮屠和普兰巴南，是印尼最具魅力的文化旅游城市。", "id": "Jantung budaya Jawa, rumah bagi Kraton dan gerbang menuju Borobudur serta Prambanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 58, "tags": ["city", "yogyakarta", "java", "culture", "tourism", "batik"], "url": "./library/04_geography/cities/yogyakarta"}, {"id": "Seram Island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island", "name": {"en": "Seram Island", "zh": "塞拉姆岛", "id": "Pulau Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in the Maluku archipelago — a mountainous, forested island of immense biodiversity, home to the Manusela National Park and the legendary Nuaulu people, guardians of the spice route.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛最大的岛屿——一个多山、森林密布的岛屿，生物多样性极为丰富，马努塞拉国家公园和传奇的努阿鲁人，香料之路的守护者。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Maluku — pulau bergunung dan berhutan dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang luar biasa, rumah bagi Taman Nasional Manusela dan masyarakat Nuaulu yang legendaris, penjaga jalur rempah."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island", "seram", "maluku", "biodiversity", "spice-route"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/Seram-Island"}, {"id": "ambon-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ambon Island", "zh": "安汶岛", "id": "Pulau Ambon"}, "summary": {"en": "A small island in the Maluku archipelago that has stood at the crossroads of empires—a place where the Portuguese built their forts, the Dutch established their capital, and the spice trade made its fortune, leaving behind a culture as rich as the nutmeg that once grew on its shores.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一个小岛，曾立于帝国交汇之处——葡萄牙人建堡垒之地，荷兰人立首府之地，香料贸易致富之地，留下了一个与曾生长于其海岸的肉豆蔻一样丰厚的文化。", "id": "Pulau kecil di Kepulauan Maluku yang pernah berdiri di persimpangan kerajaan—tempat Portugis membangun benteng mereka, Belanda mendirikan ibu kota mereka, dan perdagangan rempah membuat kekayaannya, meninggalkan budaya yang kaya seperti pala yang pernah tumbuh di pantainya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "island", "maluku", "ambon", "spice-trade", "colonial", "maritime", "voc"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/ambon-island"}, {"id": "bali", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bali", "zh": "巴厘岛", "id": "Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "Island of Gods, a Hindu-majority region in Indonesia known for volcanic landscapes and vibrant cultural traditions.", "zh": "众神之岛，印尼印度教占多数的地区，以火山地貌、梯田和丰富的文化传统闻名于世。", "id": "Pulau Dewata, wilayah mayoritas Hindu di Indonesia yang terkenal dengan lanskap vulkanik dan tradisi budaya yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 148, "tags": ["island", "bali", "tourism", "hinduism", "volcano"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/bali"}, {"id": "banda-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banda Islands", "zh": "班达群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Banda"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of volcanic islands in Maluku, once the world's only source of nutmeg and the site of historic spice wars.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的一组火山岛，曾是世界上唯一的肉豆蔻产地，历史上香料战争的焦点。", "id": "Kelompok pulau vulkanik di Maluku, pernah menjadi satu-satunya sumber pala di dunia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 32, "tags": ["island", "banda", "maluku", "nutmeg", "spice-trade", "colonial-history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/banda-islands"}, {"id": "bangka-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island", "name": {"en": "Bangka Island", "zh": "邦加岛", "id": "Pulau Bangka"}, "summary": {"en": "A tin-rich island off the east coast of Sumatra — a land shaped by the wealth of its mineral resources, the labor of its miners, and the deep cultural connections with the Chinese diaspora and Malay peoples.", "zh": "苏门答腊东海岸外一座盛产锡矿的岛屿——一个由矿产资源财富、矿工劳动以及与华人离散群体和马来民族的深厚文化联系所塑造的土地。", "id": "Pulau kaya timah di lepas pantai timur Sumatra — negeri yang dibentuk oleh kekayaan sumber daya mineralnya, tenaga kerja para penambangnya, dan hubungan budaya yang dalam dengan diaspora Tionghoa dan masyarakat Melayu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["geography", "island", "bangka", "tin", "mining", "chinese-diaspora", "malay", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/bangka-island"}, {"id": "batam", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Batam", "zh": "巴淡岛", "id": "Batam"}, "summary": {"en": "An industrial and tourist island in the Riau Archipelago, located close to Singapore.", "zh": "廖内群岛的工业与旅游重镇，靠近新加坡。", "id": "Pulau industri dan wisata di Kepulauan Riau, terletak dekat Singapura."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "batam", "riau-archipelago", "tourism", "industrial"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/batam"}, {"id": "belitung island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island", "name": {"en": "Belitung Island", "zh": "勿里洞岛", "id": "Pulau Belitung"}, "summary": {"en": "A tin-rich island east of Bangka — famous for its beautiful granite rock formations and white-sand beaches, and known historically as the \"island of the tin boom.\"", "zh": "邦加以东一座盛产锡矿的岛屿——以美丽的花岗岩地貌和白色沙滩闻名，历史上被称为“锡矿繁荣之岛”。", "id": "Pulau kaya timah di timur Bangka — terkenal dengan formasi batuan granit yang indah dan pantai pasir putih, dan dikenal secara historis sebagai \"pulau boom timah.\""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island", "belitung", "tin", "granite", "tourism", "dutch-colonial"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/belitung-island"}, {"id": "belitung-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Belitung Island", "zh": "勿里洞岛", "id": "Pulau Belitung"}, "summary": {"en": "A tropical island off the east coast of Sumatra, known for its white-sand beaches, granite boulders, and crystal-clear waters—a place of quiet beauty, rich tin-mining history, and a growing tourism destination, where the ancient rhythms of the sea and the modern rhythms of development meet.", "zh": "苏门答腊东海岸外的一个热带岛屿，以其白色沙滩、花岗岩巨石和清澈海水而闻名——一个宁静美丽、拥有丰富锡矿历史和日益增长的旅游目的地的地方，古老的海的节奏与现代发展的节奏在此交汇。", "id": "Sebuah pulau tropis di lepas pantai timur Sumatra, dikenal dengan pantai pasir putihnya, batu-batu granit, dan airnya yang jernih—sebuah tempat keindahan yang tenang, sejarah pertambangan timah yang kaya, dan tujuan wisata yang berkembang, di mana ritme kuno laut dan ritme modern pembangunan bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "island", "sumatra", "belitung", "beach", "granite", "tourism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/belitung-island"}, {"id": "belitung", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Belitung", "zh": "勿里洞岛", "id": "Belitung"}, "summary": {"en": "An island off the east coast of Sumatra, known for its unique granite rock formations and clear blue waters.", "zh": "苏门答腊东海岸外的一座岛屿，以其独特的花岗岩岩石和清澈的蓝色海水闻名。", "id": "Pulau di lepas pantai timur Sumatera, terkenal dengan formasi batu granit dan air biru jernih."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "belitung", "sumatra", "granite", "tourism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/belitung"}, {"id": "bintan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bintan", "zh": "民丹岛", "id": "Bintan"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in the Riau Archipelago, a popular tourist destination close to Singapore.", "zh": "廖内群岛最大的岛屿，靠近新加坡的热门旅游目的地。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Riau, tujuan wisata populer dekat Singapura."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "bintan", "riau-archipelago", "tourism", "singapore"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/bintan"}, {"id": "borneo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Borneo", "zh": "婆罗洲", "id": "Kalimantan"}, "summary": {"en": "The third-largest island in the world, shared between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei, a land of ancient rainforests, extraordinary biodiversity, and the site of Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara.", "zh": "世界第三大岛屿，由印度尼西亚、马来西亚和文莱共享，古老雨林、非凡生物多样性和印尼新首都努山塔拉所在地的土地。", "id": "Pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia, dibagi antara Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Brunei, tanah hutan hujan kuno, keanekaragaman hayati yang luar biasa, dan lokasi ibu kota baru Indonesia, Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "borneo", "kalimantan", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "dayak", "nusantara"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/borneo"}, {"id": "bunaken", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bunaken", "zh": "布纳肯岛", "id": "Bunaken"}, "summary": {"en": "A small island off Manado, part of the Bunaken National Marine Park, a world-class diving destination.", "zh": "万鸦老附近的一座小岛，布纳肯国家海洋公园的一部分，是世界级的潜水胜地。", "id": "Pulau kecil di lepas Manado, bagian dari Taman Laut Nasional Bunaken, tujuan menyelam kelas dunia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["island", "bunaken", "sulawesi", "diving", "marine-park"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/bunaken"}, {"id": "buru-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Buru Island", "zh": "布鲁岛", "id": "Pulau Buru"}, "summary": {"en": "A large, forested island in the Maluku archipelago—a place of exile and isolation, where political prisoners were once sent to disappear, and where the rainforest still stands as a silent witness to the suffering and resilience of those who were forgotten by the world.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一座森林密布的大岛——一个流放与隔离之地，政治犯曾被送往此处消失，雨林至今仍默默见证着那些被世界遗忘者的苦难与韧性。", "id": "Pulau besar berhutan di Kepulauan Maluku—tempat pengasingan dan isolasi, di mana tahanan politik pernah dikirim untuk menghilang, dan di mana hutan hujan masih berdiri sebagai saksi bisu penderitaan dan ketahanan mereka yang dilupakan dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "island", "maluku", "buru", "rainforest", "exile", "prison", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/buru-island"}, {"id": "buru", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Buru", "zh": "布鲁岛", "id": "Buru"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island in Maluku, historically used as a colonial exile site, with a unique cultural heritage.", "zh": "马鲁古的一个大岛，历史上曾被用作流放地，有着独特的文化遗产。", "id": "Pulau besar di Maluku, secara historis digunakan sebagai tempat pembuangan, dengan warisan budaya yang unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["island", "buru", "maluku", "history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/buru"}, {"id": "buton-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Buton Island", "zh": "布顿岛", "id": "Pulau Buton"}, "summary": {"en": "An island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi, known for its fortress city of Bau-Bau, its strategic position in the spice trade routes, and its rich cultural heritage—a place where the history of the Buton Sultanate, Islamic scholarship, and maritime trade converge in a landscape of limestone cliffs, turquoise waters, and ancient fortifications.", "zh": "苏拉威西东南海岸外的一座岛屿，以其堡垒城市巴乌巴乌、在香料贸易路线中的战略位置和丰富的文化遗产而闻名——布顿苏丹国的历史、伊斯兰学术和海上贸易在此交汇于石灰岩悬崖、碧蓝海水和古老防御工事的景观之中。", "id": "Sebuah pulau di lepas pantai tenggara Sulawesi, dikenal dengan kota benteng Bau-Bau, posisi strategisnya dalam jalur perdagangan rempah, dan warisan budayanya yang kaya—tempat di mana sejarah Kesultanan Buton, keilmuan Islam, dan perdagangan maritim bertemu dalam lanskap tebing kapur, air biru kehijauan, dan benteng kuno."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "island", "sulawesi", "buton", "bau-bau", "fortress", "sultanate", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/buton-island"}, {"id": "buton", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Buton", "zh": "布顿岛", "id": "Buton"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi, home to the historical Buton Sultanate and unique culture.", "zh": "苏拉威西岛东南部的一个大岛，拥有历史悠久的布顿苏丹国和独特的文化传统。", "id": "Pulau besar di lepas pantai tenggara Sulawesi, rumah bagi Kesultanan Buton dan budaya unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["island", "buton", "sulawesi", "sultanate", "culture"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/buton"}, {"id": "derawan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Derawan Islands", "zh": "德拉旺群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Derawan"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of islands off East Kalimantan, known for jellyfish lakes and marine conservation.", "zh": "东加里曼丹近海的一组岛屿，以无毒水母湖和丰富的海龟资源闻名。", "id": "Kelompok pulau di lepas pantai Kalimantan Timur, terkenal dengan danau ubur-ubur dan konservasi laut."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["island", "derawan", "kalimantan", "jellyfish-lake", "diving"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/derawan"}, {"id": "flores", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Flores", "zh": "弗洛雷斯岛", "id": "Flores"}, "summary": {"en": "An island in East Nusa Tenggara, known for the three-colored crater lakes of Mount Kelimutu.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉省的一座岛屿，以克里穆图火山的三色火山湖而闻名，也是科莫多国家公园的一部分。", "id": "Pulau di Nusa Tenggara Timur, terkenal dengan danau kawah tiga warna Gunung Kelimutu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["island", "flores", "kelimutu", "nusa-tenggara", "tourism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/flores"}, {"id": "halmahera island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island", "name": {"en": "Halmahera Island", "zh": "哈马黑拉岛", "id": "Pulau Halmahera"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in North Maluku — a rugged, volcanic island that was the source of cloves and the center of the spice trade, home to the Ternate and Tidore sultanates.", "zh": "北马鲁古最大的岛屿——一座崎岖的火山岛，是丁香的来源和香料贸易的中心，特尔纳特和蒂多雷苏丹国的所在地。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Maluku Utara — pulau vulkanik terjal yang merupakan sumber cengkeh dan pusat perdagangan rempah, rumah bagi kesultanan Ternate dan Tidore."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island", "halmahera", "maluku", "spice-trade", "cloves", "sultanates"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/halmahera-island"}, {"id": "halmahera-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Halmahera Island", "zh": "哈尔马赫拉岛", "id": "Pulau Halmahera"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in the Maluku archipelago—a land of four peninsulas, active volcanoes, and ancient spice forests, where the clove once grew wild and the kingdoms of Ternate and Tidore fought for control of the world's most precious trade.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中最大的岛屿——一片四半岛、活火山和古老香料森林的土地，丁香曾在此野生生长，特尔纳特和蒂多雷王国曾为争夺世界上最珍贵的贸易而在此征战。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Maluku—tanah empat semenanjung, gunung berapi aktif, dan hutan rempah kuno, di mana cengkeh pernah tumbuh liar dan kerajaan Ternate dan Tidore bertempur untuk menguasai perdagangan paling berharga di dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "island", "maluku", "halmahera", "volcano", "spice-trade", "clove", "wallacea"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/halmahera-island"}, {"id": "halmahera", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Halmahera", "zh": "哈马黑拉岛", "id": "Halmahera"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in the Maluku archipelago, with a complex history of spice trade and colonial conflict.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛最大的岛屿，拥有香料贸易和殖民冲突的复杂历史。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Maluku, dengan sejarah perdagangan rempah dan konflik kolonial yang kompleks."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["island", "halmahera", "maluku", "spice-trade", "history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/halmahera"}, {"id": "java", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Java", "zh": "爪哇", "id": "Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The most populated island in the world, the cultural and political heart of Indonesia, a land of volcanoes, ancient kingdoms, and the center of the Nusantara world for over a millennium.", "zh": "世界上人口最多的岛屿，印度尼西亚的文化和政治中心，火山、古代王国和千年努山塔拉世界中心的土地。", "id": "Pulau terpadat di dunia, jantung budaya dan politik Indonesia, tanah gunung berapi, kerajaan kuno, dan pusat dunia Nusantara selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 349, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "java", "heartland", "volcanoes", "culture", "history", "nusantara"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/java"}, {"id": "kalimantan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kalimantan", "zh": "加里曼丹", "id": "Kalimantan"}, "summary": {"en": "The Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo, the third-largest island in the world, shared with Malaysia and Brunei, known for its ancient rainforests, extraordinary biodiversity, and as the site of Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara.", "zh": "婆罗洲岛的印尼部分，世界第三大岛，与马来西亚和文莱共享，以其古老雨林、非凡生物多样性和印尼新首都努山塔拉的所在地而闻名。", "id": "Bagian Indonesia dari pulau Kalimantan, pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia, berbagi dengan Malaysia dan Brunei, dikenal dengan hutan hujan kunonya, keanekaragaman hayati yang luar biasa, dan sebagai lokasi ibu kota baru Indonesia, Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 82, "tags": ["island", "borneo", "kalimantan", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "dayak", "nusantara", "indonesia"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/kalimantan"}, {"id": "kangean-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kangean Islands", "zh": "卡格安群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Kangean"}, "summary": {"en": "An archipelago located northeast of Madura Island, part of East Java province—a group of islands with unique cultural traditions, known for their cattle-racing and local dialect, connected to the broader Madurese cultural sphere.", "zh": "位于马都拉岛东北部的群岛，隶属于东爪哇省——一群具有独特文化传统的岛屿，以赛牛和当地方言而闻名，与更广泛的马都拉文化圈相连。", "id": "Gugusan pulau di timur laut Pulau Madura, bagian dari provinsi Jawa Timur—kelompok pulau dengan tradisi budaya unik, terkenal dengan balap sapi dan dialek lokalnya, terhubung dengan lingkup budaya Madura yang lebih luas."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "island", "kangean", "madura", "east-java", "archipelago"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/kangean-islands"}, {"id": "karimunjawa", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Karimunjawa Islands", "zh": "卡里蒙爪哇群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Karimunjawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of pristine islands in the Java Sea, part of a national marine park.", "zh": "爪哇海中的一组原始岛屿，是国家海洋公园的一部分。", "id": "Kelompok pulau asli di Laut Jawa, bagian dari taman laut nasional."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "karimunjawa", "java-sea", "marine-park", "tourism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/karimunjawa"}, {"id": "komodo-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Komodo Island", "zh": "科莫多岛", "id": "Pulau Komodo"}, "summary": {"en": "A rugged, volcanic island in the Lesser Sunda archipelago—the last refuge of the Komodo dragon, where the boundaries between the human world and the ancient world are thin, and where the spirits of the ancestors still walk in the shape of reptiles.", "zh": "小巽他群岛中一座崎岖的火山岛——科莫多龙最后的庇护所，人类世界与远古世界之间的边界在此薄弱，祖先的灵魂仍以爬行动物的形态行走其间。", "id": "Pulau vulkanik terjal di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil—tempat perlindungan terakhir komodo, di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan dunia kuno tipis, dan di mana roh leluhur masih berjalan dalam wujud reptil."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "island", "komodo", "nusa-tenggara", "volcanic", "national-park", "unesco", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/komodo-island"}, {"id": "komodo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Komodo", "zh": "科莫多岛", "id": "Komodo"}, "summary": {"en": "The island home to the Komodo dragon, the world's largest lizard, and a UNESCO World Heritage site.", "zh": "世界上最大的蜥蜴——科莫多巨蜥的家园，科莫多国家公园的核心岛屿，被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。", "id": "Pulau tempat tinggal komodo, kadal terbesar di dunia, dan situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["island", "komodo", "komodo-dragon", "unesco", "nusa-tenggara"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/komodo"}, {"id": "lombok-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lombok Island", "zh": "龙目岛", "id": "Pulau Lombok"}, "summary": {"en": "An island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, east of Bali, separated by the Lombok Strait—a place of dramatic volcanic landscapes, pristine beaches, and the distinct Sasak culture, where the Wallace Line marks the boundary between Asian and Australasian fauna, making it a natural and cultural crossroads.", "zh": "小巽他群岛中的一个岛屿，位于巴厘岛以东，被龙目海峡隔开——一个拥有壮观火山地貌、原始海滩和独特的萨萨克文化的地方，华莱士线在此标志着亚洲与澳大利亚动物区系之间的边界，使其成为一个自然和文化的十字路口。", "id": "Sebuah pulau di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, di timur Bali, dipisahkan oleh Selat Lombok—sebuah tempat dengan lanskap vulkanik yang dramatis, pantai perawan, dan budaya Sasak yang khas, di mana Garis Wallace menandai batas antara fauna Asia dan Australasia, menjadikannya persimpangan alam dan budaya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "island", "lombok", "lesser-sunda-islands", "sasak", "volcano", "wallace-line", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/lombok-island"}, {"id": "lombok", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lombok", "zh": "龙目岛", "id": "Lombok"}, "summary": {"en": "An island east of Bali, known for Mount Rinjani and its Sasak culture.", "zh": "巴厘岛东侧的一座岛屿，以林贾尼火山和独特的萨萨克族文化闻名，是印尼最受欢迎的徒步和度假目的地之一。", "id": "Pulau di sebelah timur Bali, terkenal dengan Gunung Rinjani dan budaya Sasak."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["island", "lombok", "rinjani", "sasak", "nusa-tenggara"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/lombok"}, {"id": "madura-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Madura Island", "zh": "马都拉岛", "id": "Pulau Madura"}, "summary": {"en": "A rugged, arid island off the northeastern coast of Java—home to the Madurese people, known for their fierce independence, distinctive culture, and iconic bull racing tradition, a land of limestone hills, salt flats, and a maritime spirit that has shaped the identity of its people for centuries.", "zh": "爪哇东北海岸外一座崎岖干旱的岛屿——马都拉人的家园，以其强烈的独立精神、独特的文化和标志性的赛牛传统而闻名，一片石灰岩丘陵、盐田和海洋精神的土地，数百年来塑造了其人民的认同。", "id": "Pulau kering dan berbatu di lepas pantai timur laut Jawa—rumah bagi orang Madura, dikenal dengan semangat kemerdekaan yang gigih, budaya yang khas, dan tradisi balap sapi yang ikonik, tanah perbukitan kapur, tambak garam, dan semangat maritim yang telah membentuk identitas rakyatnya selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "island", "madura", "java", "bull-racing", "salt", "maritime", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/madura-island"}, {"id": "maluku-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Maluku Islands", "zh": "马鲁古群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Maluku"}, "summary": {"en": "A archipelago of over a thousand islands in eastern Indonesia—known to the world as the Spice Islands, where nutmeg and cloves once drew ships across the ocean, where kingdoms rose and fell over the scent of a seed, and where the memory of the spice trade still lingers in the air.", "zh": "印度尼西亚东部一个由千余座岛屿组成的群岛——以香料群岛之名闻名于世，肉豆蔻和丁香曾将船只引渡重洋，王国因一粒种子的香气而兴衰，香料贸易的记忆至今仍在空气中萦绕。", "id": "Gugusan lebih dari seribu pulau di Indonesia timur—dikenal dunia sebagai Kepulauan Rempah, di mana pala dan cengkeh pernah menarik kapal-kapal melintasi samudra, di mana kerajaan naik dan turun karena aroma sebutir biji, dan di mana ingatan perdagangan rempah masih terasa di udara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 58, "tags": ["geography", "island", "maluku", "spice-islands", "archipelago", "wallacea", "maritime", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/maluku-islands"}, {"id": "maluku", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Maluku", "zh": "马鲁古群岛", "id": "Maluku"}, "summary": {"en": "An archipelago in eastern Indonesia, historically known as the Spice Islands, renowned for its cloves, nutmeg, and mace. It was a center of colonial conflict and resistance.", "zh": "印度尼西亚东部的群岛，历史上被称为香料群岛，以丁香、肉豆蔻和豆蔻皮闻名。曾是殖民冲突与抵抗运动的中心。", "id": "Sebuah kepulauan di timur Indonesia, secara historis dikenal sebagai Kepulauan Rempah-rempah, terkenal karena cengkeh, pala, dan fuli. Merupakan pusat konflik kolonial dan perlawanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["location", "region", "maluku", "spice-islands", "moluccas", "history", "colonialism"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/maluku"}, {"id": "mentawai-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mentawai Islands", "zh": "明打威群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Mentawai"}, "summary": {"en": "A chain of islands off the west coast of Sumatra, inhabited by the Mentawai people, known for their distinct traditional culture, animist beliefs, and the region's world-class surfing waves.", "zh": "苏门答腊西海岸外的一串岛屿，由明打威人居住，以其独特的传统文化、万物有灵信仰和世界级的冲浪浪潮而闻名。", "id": "Rangkaian pulau di lepas pantai barat Sumatra, dihuni oleh masyarakat Mentawai, terkenal dengan budaya tradisional mereka yang khas, kepercayaan animisme, dan ombak selancar kelas dunia."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "island", "mentawai", "sumatra", "indigenous", "surfing", "tradition"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/mentawai-islands"}, {"id": "mentawai", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mentawai Islands", "zh": "明打威群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Mentawai"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of islands off the west coast of Sumatra, famous for traditional tattoo and wood carving culture.", "zh": "苏门答腊西海岸外的一组岛屿，以传统的纹身和木雕文化闻名。", "id": "Kelompok pulau di lepas pantai barat Sumatera, terkenal dengan budaya tato tradisional dan ukiran kayu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["island", "mentawai", "sumatra", "tattoo", "culture"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/mentawai"}, {"id": "natuna-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Natuna Islands", "zh": "纳土纳群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Natuna"}, "summary": {"en": "A remote archipelago in the South China Sea, between the Malay Peninsula and Borneo—an area of strategic maritime importance, rich in biodiversity, and culturally connected to the Malay world.", "zh": "南海中的一个偏远群岛，位于马来半岛与婆罗洲之间——一个具有战略海洋重要性的地区，生物多样性丰富，文化上与马来世界相连。", "id": "Gugusan pulau terpencil di Laut Cina Selatan, antara Semenanjung Melayu dan Kalimantan—area dengan kepentingan maritim strategis, kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, dan secara budaya terhubung dengan dunia Melayu."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "island", "natuna", "south-china-sea", "remote", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/natuna-islands"}, {"id": "nias", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Nias", "zh": "尼亚斯岛", "id": "Nias"}, "summary": {"en": "An island off the west coast of Sumatra, famous for its surfing waves and megalithic culture.", "zh": "苏门答腊西海岸外的一座岛屿，以世界级的冲浪浪潮和独特的巨石文化闻名。", "id": "Pulau di lepas pantai barat Sumatera, terkenal dengan ombak selancar dan budaya megalitik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["island", "nias", "sumatra", "surfing", "megalithic"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/nias"}, {"id": "obi islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island_group", "name": {"en": "Obi Islands", "zh": "奥比群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Obi"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of islands in the Maluku archipelago — known for their tropical forests, nickel deposits, and their role as a bridge between the spice islands and the eastern archipelago.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一组岛屿——以其热带森林、镍矿藏以及作为香料群岛与东部群岛之间桥梁的角色而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok pulau di Kepulauan Maluku — dikenal dengan hutan tropisnya, deposit nikel, dan perannya sebagai jembatan antara kepulauan rempah dan kepulauan timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island-group", "obi", "maluku", "nickel"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/obi-islands"}, {"id": "obi-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Obi Islands", "zh": "奥比群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Obi"}, "summary": {"en": "A group of islands in the Maluku archipelago, part of the larger North Maluku province—a remote and sparsely populated region of pristine rainforests, coral reefs, and rich marine biodiversity, historically significant for its role in the spice trade and its strategic position in eastern Indonesia.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一组岛屿，属于更大的北马鲁古省的一部分——一个拥有原始雨林、珊瑚礁和丰富海洋生物多样性的偏远、人口稀少的地区，在历史上因其在香料贸易中的角色和在印尼东部的战略位置而具有重要意义。", "id": "Sebuah kelompok pulau di kepulauan Maluku, bagian dari provinsi Maluku Utara yang lebih luas—sebuah wilayah terpencil dan jarang penduduk dengan hutan hujan perawan, terumbu karang, dan keanekaragaman hayati laut yang kaya, secara historis penting karena perannya dalam perdagangan rempah dan posisi strategisnya di Indonesia timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "maluku", "obi", "spice-trade", "biodiversity", "remote", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/obi-islands"}, {"id": "padar-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Padar Island", "zh": "帕达尔岛", "id": "Pulau Padar"}, "summary": {"en": "A rugged, uninhabited island in the Komodo archipelago—a place of dramatic hills, turquoise bays, and the quiet footsteps of dragons, where the view from the summit is said to be the most beautiful in all of Indonesia, and where the silence is broken only by the wind and the sea.", "zh": "科莫多群岛中一座崎岖的无人岛——一片拥有壮丽山丘、碧绿海湾和龙之寂静脚步的地方，据说山顶的景色是整个印度尼西亚最美的，而沉默只被风和海打破。", "id": "Pulau terjal tak berpenghuni di Kepulauan Komodo—tempat perbukitan dramatis, teluk biru kehijauan, dan langkah sunyi komodo, di mana pemandangan dari puncaknya dikatakan sebagai yang terindah di seluruh Indonesia, dan di mana keheningan hanya dipecahkan oleh angin dan laut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "island", "komodo", "padar", "nusa-tenggara", "national-park", "unesco", "hiking"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/padar-island"}, {"id": "papua", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Papua", "zh": "巴布亚", "id": "Papua"}, "summary": {"en": "The easternmost and largest island in Indonesia, a land of ancient rainforests, towering mountains, and over 400 distinct indigenous cultures, where the frontier of the Nusantara world meets the Pacific — and where spiritual energy flows through the forest as thickly as the rivers.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最东部、面积最大的岛屿，古老雨林、高耸山脉和四百多个不同原住民文化的土地，努山塔拉世界的前沿与太平洋交汇之地——灵性能量在此如同河流般浓密地流过森林。", "id": "Pulau paling timur dan terbesar di Indonesia, tanah hutan hujan kuno, gunung tinggi, dan lebih dari 400 budaya adat yang berbeda, di mana ujung dunia Nusantara bertemu dengan Pasifik — dan di mana energi spiritual mengalir melalui hutan setebal sungai."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "papua", "biodiversity", "indigenous", "rainforest", "frontier", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/papua"}, {"id": "raja-ampat", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Raja Ampat", "zh": "四王群岛", "id": "Raja Ampat"}, "summary": {"en": "A stunning archipelago in West Papua, home to the highest marine biodiversity on Earth.", "zh": "西巴布亚的一个令人惊叹的群岛，拥有地球上最高的海洋生物多样性。", "id": "Kepulauan menakjubkan di Papua Barat, rumah bagi keanekaragaman hayati laut tertinggi di Bumi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["island", "raja-ampat", "papua", "marine-biodiversity", "diving"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/raja-ampat"}, {"id": "rinca-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Rinca Island", "zh": "林卡岛", "id": "Pulau Rinca"}, "summary": {"en": "A smaller, wilder sister to Komodo—an island of dry savannah, volcanic hills, and ancient reptiles, where the Komodo dragon still rules, and where the boundary between the human world and the primeval world is marked by the tracks of the last giants.", "zh": "科莫多的更小、更野性的姐妹岛——一片干燥稀树草原、火山丘陵和远古爬行动物之地，科莫多龙仍在统治，人类世界与原始世界之间的边界由最后巨兽的足迹标记。", "id": "Saudara perempuan Komodo yang lebih kecil dan lebih liar—pulau sabana kering, bukit vulkanik, dan reptil purba, di mana komodo masih berkuasa, dan di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan dunia purba ditandai oleh jejak-jejak raksasa terakhir."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "island", "komodo", "rinca", "nusa-tenggara", "national-park", "unesco", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/rinca-island"}, {"id": "sanger island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "island", "name": {"en": "Sanger Island", "zh": "桑厄岛", "id": "Pulau Sangihe"}, "summary": {"en": "An island in the Sangihe Archipelago, north of Sulawesi — known for its volcanic landscapes, unique marine biodiversity, and its role as a cultural bridge between Sulawesi and the Philippines.", "zh": "桑厄群岛中的一个岛屿，位于苏拉威西以北——以其火山地貌、独特的海洋生物多样性以及作为苏拉威西与菲律宾之间文化桥梁的角色而闻名。", "id": "Pulau di Kepulauan Sangihe, utara Sulawesi — dikenal dengan lanskap vulkaniknya, keanekaragaman hayati laut yang unik, dan perannya sebagai jembatan budaya antara Sulawesi dan Filipina."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island", "sangihe", "sulawesi", "volcanic"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sanger-island"}, {"id": "seram-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Seram Island", "zh": "塞兰岛", "id": "Pulau Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-largest island in the Maluku archipelago—a land of misty mountains, hidden rivers, and ancient secrets, where the spirits of the ancestors are said to dwell in the forests and the sea, and where the spice trade once carved paths through the wilderness.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的第二大岛——一片雾霭山脉、隐秘河流与古老秘密的土地，据说祖先的灵魂栖息于森林与海洋之中，香料贸易曾在此开辟穿越荒野的路径。", "id": "Pulau terbesar kedua di Kepulauan Maluku—tanah pegunungan berkabut, sungai tersembunyi, dan rahasia kuno, di mana roh leluhur dikatakan bersemayam di hutan dan laut, dan di mana perdagangan rempah pernah mengukir jalur melalui hutan belantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["geography", "island", "maluku", "seram", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "wallacea", "ancestral-spirits"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/seram-island"}, {"id": "seram", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Seram", "zh": "塞兰岛", "id": "Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island in the Maluku archipelago, known for its unique culture and biodiversity.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的一个大岛，以其独特的文化和生物多样性而闻名。", "id": "Pulau besar di Kepulauan Maluku, terkenal dengan budaya dan keanekaragaman hayati yang unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["island", "seram", "maluku", "biodiversity", "culture"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/seram"}, {"id": "siberut-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Siberut Island", "zh": "西贝鲁特岛", "id": "Pulau Siberut"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest island in the Mentawai archipelago, off the west coast of Sumatra—home to the Mentawai people, known for their traditional culture, animist beliefs, and one of the world's most biodiverse rainforests.", "zh": "明打威群岛中最大的岛屿，位于苏门答腊西海岸外——明打威人的家园，以其传统文化、万物有灵信仰和世界上生物多样性最丰富的热带雨林之一而闻名。", "id": "Pulau terbesar di Kepulauan Mentawai, di lepas pantai barat Sumatra—rumah bagi masyarakat Mentawai, dikenal dengan budaya tradisional mereka, kepercayaan animisme, dan salah satu hutan hujan paling beragam hayati di dunia."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "island", "mentawai", "sumatra", "biodiversity", "indigenous"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/siberut-island"}, {"id": "spice-islands", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Spice Islands", "zh": "香料群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Rempah"}, "summary": {"en": "The Maluku archipelago, known as the Spice Islands, whose nutmeg, cloves, and mace once shaped the global economy and drew European powers to the Nusantara world — a place where geography, history, and spiritual energy converge.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛，以香料群岛闻名，其肉豆蔻、丁香和豆蔻皮曾塑造全球经济，将欧洲列强吸引至努山塔拉世界——地理、历史与灵性能量在此交汇。", "id": "Kepulauan Maluku, dikenal sebagai Kepulauan Rempah, yang pala, cengkeh, dan fulinya pernah membentuk ekonomi global dan menarik kekuatan Eropa ke dunia Nusantara — tempat di mana geografi, sejarah, dan energi spiritual bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "spice-islands", "maluku", "trade", "history", "colonialism", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/spice-islands"}, {"id": "sri-lanka", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sri Lanka", "zh": "斯里兰卡", "id": "Sri Lanka"}, "summary": {"en": "An island nation in the Indian Ocean, historically known as Ceylon, which served as a crucial intermediary in the transmission of Buddhism from India to Indonesia.", "zh": "印度洋上的岛国，历史上称锡兰，是佛教从印度传入印尼的关键中转站。", "id": "Negara pulau di Samudra Hindia, secara historis dikenal sebagai Ceylon, yang berperan sebagai perantara penting dalam transmisi Buddhisme dari India ke Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["island", "sri-lanka", "buddhism", "history", "indian-ocean", "theravada"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sri-lanka"}, {"id": "sulawesi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sulawesi", "zh": "苏拉威西", "id": "Sulawesi"}, "summary": {"en": "A K-shaped island in central Indonesia, known for its dramatic geography, unique flora and fauna, and the rich cultures of the Toraja, Bugis, and Makassar peoples — a place of ancient rituals, maritime prowess, and spiritual complexity.", "zh": "印度尼西亚中部的K形岛屿，以其戏剧性的地理、独特的动植物群和托拉查、布吉斯及望加锡人的丰富文化而闻名——一个充满古老仪式、海洋精神和灵性复杂性的地方。", "id": "Pulau berbentuk K di Indonesia tengah, dikenal karena geografinya yang dramatis, flora dan fauna yang unik, serta budaya kaya orang Toraja, Bugis, dan Makassar — tempat ritual kuno, kehebatan maritim, dan kompleksitas spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 90, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "sulawesi", "bugis", "toraja", "makassar", "biodiversity", "history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sulawesi"}, {"id": "sumatra", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumatra", "zh": "苏门答腊", "id": "Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-largest island in Indonesia, the former heartland of the Srivijaya and Samudra Pasai empires, a land of rainforests, volcanoes, and the birthplace of the Malay world's oldest Islamic kingdoms — where the spiritual energy of the archipelago flows through the great rivers and ancient mountains.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二大岛，三佛齐和须文达剌-巴赛帝国的前腹地，雨林、火山和马来世界最古老伊斯兰王国的诞生之地——群岛的灵性能量在此通过大河与古山流淌。", "id": "Pulau terbesar kedua di Indonesia, bekas jantung kerajaan Sriwijaya dan Samudra Pasai, tanah hutan hujan, gunung berapi, dan tempat lahirnya kerajaan Islam tertua di dunia Melayu — di mana energi spiritual Nusantara mengalir melalui sungai-sungai besar dan gunung-gunung kuno."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 189, "tags": ["geography", "islands", "sumatra", "srivijaya", "samudra-pasai", "rainforest", "volcanoes", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sumatra"}, {"id": "sumba-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumba Island", "zh": "松巴岛", "id": "Pulau Sumba"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island in East Nusa Tenggara, southwest of Flores—known for its unique megalithic culture, traditional Marapu religion, and distinctive woven textiles, one of Indonesia's most culturally distinctive islands.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉的一座大岛，位于弗洛雷斯西南——以其独特的巨石文化、传统马拉普宗教和独特的编织纺织品而闻名，是印尼最具文化特色的岛屿之一。", "id": "Pulau besar di Nusa Tenggara Timur, barat daya Flores—terkenal dengan budaya megalitiknya yang unik, agama Marapu tradisional, dan tekstil tenun yang khas, salah satu pulau paling khas secara budaya di Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "island", "sumba", "nusa-tenggara", "megalithic", "marapu", "woven-textiles"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sumba-island"}, {"id": "sumba", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumba", "zh": "松巴岛", "id": "Sumba"}, "summary": {"en": "An island in East Nusa Tenggara, known for its unique megalithic culture and the Pasola festival.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉省的一座岛屿，以独特的巨石文化和帕索拉节（骑马比武仪式）闻名。", "id": "Pulau di Nusa Tenggara Timur, terkenal dengan budaya megalitik dan festival Pasola."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "sumba", "nusa-tenggara", "megalithic", "pasola"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sumba"}, {"id": "sumbawa-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumbawa Island", "zh": "松巴哇岛", "id": "Pulau Sumbawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, pristine beaches, and rich cultural heritage—home to the powerful Sumbawa Sultanate in the pre-colonial era, the site of the catastrophic 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, and a region where traditional culture and natural beauty converge.", "zh": "小巽他群岛中的一个大岛，以其壮观的火山地貌、原始海滩和丰富的文化遗产而闻名——前殖民时代强大的松巴哇苏丹国的所在地，1815年坦博拉火山灾难性喷发的发生地，以及传统文化与自然美景交汇的地区。", "id": "Sebuah pulau besar di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, dikenal dengan lanskap vulkaniknya yang dramatis, pantai perawan, dan warisan budayanya yang kaya—rumah bagi Kesultanan Sumbawa yang kuat di era pra-kolonial, situs letusan dahsyat Gunung Tambora pada 1815, dan wilayah di mana budaya tradisional dan keindahan alam bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "island", "sumbawa", "lesser-sunda-islands", "volcano", "tambora", "culture", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sumbawa-island"}, {"id": "sumbawa", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumbawa", "zh": "松巴哇岛", "id": "Sumbawa"}, "summary": {"en": "An island in West Nusa Tenggara, east of Lombok and west of Flores, known for its rugged landscapes.", "zh": "西努沙登加拉省的一座岛屿，位于龙目岛和弗洛雷斯岛之间，以崎岖的地貌闻名。", "id": "Pulau di Nusa Tenggara Barat, di antara Lombok dan Flores, terkenal dengan lanskapnya yang terjal."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["island", "sumbawa", "nusa-tenggara", "agriculture"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sumbawa"}, {"id": "sunda-shelf", "module": "04_geography", "type": "geology", "name": {"en": "Sunda Shelf", "zh": "巽他古陆", "id": "Paparan Sunda"}, "summary": {"en": "The submerged continental shelf that connects Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and the surrounding islands — a vast territory that was once dry land during the Ice Ages, allowing the migration of humans, plants, and animals across the archipelago.", "zh": "连接爪哇、苏门答腊、婆罗洲及周边岛屿的淹没大陆架——冰河时期曾是广阔陆地的巨大领土，使人类、植物和动物得以穿越群岛迁徙。", "id": "Paparan benua yang terendam yang menghubungkan Jawa, Sumatra, Kalimantan, dan pulau-pulau sekitarnya — wilayah luas yang pernah menjadi daratan kering selama Zaman Es, memungkinkan migrasi manusia, tumbuhan, dan hewan melintasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["geography", "geology", "sunda-shelf", "ice-age", "migration", "biogeography", "paleontology", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/sunda-shelf"}, {"id": "ternate-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ternate Island", "zh": "特尔纳特岛", "id": "Pulau Ternate"}, "summary": {"en": "A small volcanic island in the Maluku Islands, dominated by Mount Gamalama—historically one of the most important islands in the spice trade, the seat of the Ternate Sultanate, and a center of Islamic power in eastern Indonesia.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一个小火山岛，由加马拉马火山主宰——历史上香料贸易中最重要的岛屿之一，特尔纳特苏丹国的所在地，印尼东部伊斯兰权力的中心。", "id": "Pulau vulkanik kecil di Kepulauan Maluku, didominasi oleh Gunung Gamalama—secara historis salah satu pulau terpenting dalam perdagangan rempah, pusat Kesultanan Ternate, dan pusat kekuatan Islam di Indonesia timur."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["geography", "island", "ternate", "maluku", "volcanic", "spice-trade", "sultanate"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/ternate-island"}, {"id": "ternate", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ternate", "zh": "特尔纳特岛", "id": "Ternate"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic island in the Maluku archipelago, once the center of the clove trade and a powerful sultanate.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的一座历史悠久的岛屿，曾是丁香贸易的中心和强大的苏丹国所在地。", "id": "Pulau bersejarah di Kepulauan Maluku, pernah menjadi pusat perdagangan cengkeh dan kesultanan yang kuat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["island", "ternate", "maluku", "spice-trade", "sultanate"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/ternate"}, {"id": "tidore-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Tidore Island", "zh": "蒂多雷岛", "id": "Pulau Tidore"}, "summary": {"en": "A small volcanic island in the Maluku Islands, located across from Ternate—historically a rival sultanate and a major player in the spice trade, known for its fierce resistance to European colonialism.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一个小火山岛，位于特尔纳特对面——历史上是特尔纳特苏丹国的对手，也是香料贸易的重要参与者，以其对欧洲殖民主义的激烈抵抗而闻名。", "id": "Pulau vulkanik kecil di Kepulauan Maluku, terletak di seberang Ternate—secara historis kesultanan saingan dan pemain utama dalam perdagangan rempah, dikenal dengan perlawanan sengitnya terhadap kolonialisme Eropa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "island", "tidore", "maluku", "volcanic", "spice-trade", "sultanate"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/tidore-island"}, {"id": "timor-island", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Timor Island", "zh": "帝汶岛", "id": "Pulau Timor"}, "summary": {"en": "A large island in the southern Malay Archipelago, divided between the Republic of Indonesia in the west and Timor-Leste in the east—a rugged, mountainous island with a history of colonial struggle, independence, and resilience.", "zh": "马来群岛南部的一座大岛，西部属印度尼西亚共和国，东部属东帝汶——一座崎岖多山的岛屿，有着殖民斗争、独立和韧性的历史。", "id": "Pulau besar di selatan Kepulauan Melayu, terbagi antara Republik Indonesia di barat dan Timor-Leste di timur—sebuah pulau bergunung yang kasar dengan sejarah perjuangan kolonial, kemerdekaan, dan ketahanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "island", "timor", "nusa-tenggara", "timor-leste", "mountainous"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/timor-island"}, {"id": "timor", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Timor", "zh": "帝汶岛", "id": "Timor"}, "summary": {"en": "An island shared by Indonesia and East Timor, the southernmost island of the Nusa Tenggara archipelago.", "zh": "印度尼西亚与东帝汶共享的岛屿，是努沙登加拉群岛最南端的岛屿。", "id": "Pulau yang dibagi antara Indonesia dan Timor Leste, pulau paling selatan di kepulauan Nusa Tenggara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["island", "timor", "nusa-tenggara", "east-timor"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/timor"}, {"id": "weh", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Weh", "zh": "韦岛", "id": "Weh"}, "summary": {"en": "A volcanic island off the northwest coast of Sumatra, a top diving destination.", "zh": "苏门答腊西北端的一座火山岛，是顶级的潜水胜地。", "id": "Pulau vulkanik di lepas pantai barat laut Sumatera, tujuan menyelam terbaik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["island", "weh", "sumatra", "diving", "volcano"], "url": "./library/04_geography/islands/weh"}, {"id": "barisan-mountains", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Barisan Mountains", "zh": "巴里桑山脉", "id": "Pegunungan Barisan"}, "summary": {"en": "A mountain range that runs along the western spine of Sumatra, stretching over 1,600 kilometers from Aceh in the north to Lampung in the south—a chain of volcanoes and highlands that has shaped the island's geography, culture, and history.", "zh": "沿苏门答腊西部脊梁延伸的山脉，从北部的亚齐到南部的楠榜，全长超过1,600公里——一座塑造了该岛地理、文化和历史的火山链和高地。", "id": "Pegunungan yang membentang di sepanjang tulang punggung barat Sumatra, membentang lebih dari 1.600 kilometer dari Aceh di utara hingga Lampung di selatan—rantai gunung berapi dan dataran tinggi yang telah membentuk geografi, budaya, dan sejarah pulau ini."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["geography", "mountain-range", "sumatra", "volcanic", "highlands", "barisan"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/barisan-mountains"}, {"id": "blambangan-peninsula", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Blambangan Peninsula", "zh": "布兰班甘半岛", "id": "Semenanjung Blambangan"}, "summary": {"en": "The southeasternmost tip of Java, a land of wild beauty and deep history—the site of the Blambangan Kingdom, the last Hindu-Buddhist outpost in Java, and home to the sacred Alas Purwo National Park, a place where the mythic origins of Java and the last echoes of its pre-Islamic past converge in a landscape of forest, savanna, and sea.", "zh": "爪哇最东南端，一片野性美丽与深邃历史的土地——布兰班甘王国的所在地，爪哇最后一个印度教-佛教前哨，也是神圣的阿拉斯普尔沃国家公园的所在地，爪哇的神话起源与前伊斯兰时代的最后回响在此交汇于森林、稀树草原与海洋的景观之中。", "id": "Ujung paling tenggara Jawa, sebidang tanah yang indah liar dan sejarah yang dalam—situs Kerajaan Blambangan, pos terakhir Hindu-Buddha di Jawa, dan rumah bagi Taman Nasional Alas Purwo yang sakral, tempat di mana asal-usul mitos Jawa dan gema terakhir masa pra-Islamnya bertemu dalam lanskap hutan, sabana, dan laut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "peninsula", "java", "blambangan", "alas-purwo", "hindu", "sacred", "national-park"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/blambangan-peninsula"}, {"id": "central kalimantan mountains", "module": "04_geography", "type": "mountain_range", "name": {"en": "Central Kalimantan Mountains", "zh": "加里曼丹中央山脉", "id": "Pegunungan Kalimantan Tengah"}, "summary": {"en": "The mountainous backbone of Borneo that divides the island between east and west — a dense, remote forest where the last wild orangutans roam, and where the Dayak people believe the spirits of the ancestors reside.", "zh": "婆罗洲的山脊，将岛屿分隔为东部和西部——一片茂密、偏远的森林，最后一批野生猩猩在此游荡，达雅克人相信祖先之灵在此居住。", "id": "Tulang punggung pegunungan Kalimantan yang membagi pulau antara timur dan barat — hutan lebat dan terpencil di mana orangutan liar terakhir berkeliaran, dan di mana masyarakat Dayak percaya roh leluhur tinggal."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "mountain-range", "kalimantan", "borneo", "orangutan", "dayak", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/central-kalimantan-mountains"}, {"id": "central-kalimantan-mountains", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Central Kalimantan Mountains", "zh": "中加里曼丹山脉", "id": "Pegunungan Kalimantan Tengah"}, "summary": {"en": "A rugged mountain range in the heart of Borneo, forming the watershed between the island's major river systems—a remote and sparsely populated region of dense tropical rainforest, home to the Dayak people, and a vital sanctuary for some of the most endangered species on Earth, representing the last great wilderness of Southeast Asia.", "zh": "婆罗洲中心崎岖的山脉，形成该岛主要河流系统之间的分水岭——一个人烟稀少的偏远地区，拥有茂密的热带雨林，是达雅克人的家园，也是地球上一些最濒危物种的重要避难所，代表了东南亚最后的大荒野。", "id": "Sebuah pegunungan terjal di jantung Kalimantan, membentuk daerah aliran sungai antara sistem sungai utama pulau ini—sebuah wilayah terpencil dan jarang penduduk dengan hutan hujan tropis lebat, rumah bagi masyarakat Dayak, dan tempat perlindungan vital bagi beberapa spesies paling terancam di Bumi, mewakili padang gurun besar terakhir di Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "mountains", "kalimantan", "borneo", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "dayak", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/central-kalimantan-mountains"}, {"id": "mount-lawu", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Lawu", "zh": "拉武山", "id": "Gunung Lawu"}, "summary": {"en": "A stratovolcano on the border of Central Java and East Java, standing at 3,265 meters—a sacred mountain that has been a site of pilgrimage, meditation, and spiritual retreat for centuries, home to ancient temples and hermitages, and a place where the boundary between the earthly and the spiritual is believed to be thin.", "zh": "中爪哇和东爪哇交界处的成层火山，海拔3,265米——一座神圣的山峰，几个世纪以来一直是朝圣、冥想和精神修行的场所，拥有古老的寺庙和隐居地，被认为是一个尘世与灵性之间界限薄弱的地方。", "id": "Sebuah stratovolcano di perbatasan Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur, dengan ketinggian 3.265 meter—sebuah gunung sakral yang telah menjadi situs ziarah, meditasi, dan retret spiritual selama berabad-abad, rumah bagi candi kuno dan pertapaan, dan tempat di mana batas antara duniawi dan spiritual diyakini tipis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "volcano", "sacred", "java", "pilgrimage", "meditation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mount-lawu"}, {"id": "mount-merbabu", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Merbabu", "zh": "默巴布火山", "id": "Gunung Merbabu"}, "summary": {"en": "A stratovolcano in Central Java, standing at 3,145 meters—a majestic mountain that is often overshadowed by its more famous neighbor, Mount Merapi, yet is a sacred and beloved peak in its own right, offering a quieter and more tranquil experience of Java's volcanic landscape and spiritual traditions.", "zh": "中爪哇的一座成层火山，海拔3,145米——一座雄伟的山峰，虽然常被其更著名的邻居默拉皮火山所掩盖，但本身也是一座神圣而受人喜爱的山峰，提供了爪哇火山地貌和精神传统更宁静的体验。", "id": "Sebuah stratovolcano di Jawa Tengah, dengan ketinggian 3.145 meter—sebuah gunung megah yang sering dibayangi oleh tetangganya yang lebih terkenal, Gunung Merapi, namun merupakan puncak yang sakral dan dicintai dengan sendirinya, menawarkan pengalaman yang lebih tenang dan tenteram dari lanskap vulkanik dan tradisi spiritual Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "volcano", "java", "sacred", "trekking", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mount-merbabu"}, {"id": "mount-rinjani", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Rinjani", "zh": "林贾尼火山", "id": "Gunung Rinjani"}, "summary": {"en": "An active volcano on the island of Lombok, standing at 3,726 meters—the second-highest volcano in Indonesia and one of the most iconic and sacred peaks in the archipelago, rising dramatically from the surrounding sea and featuring a breathtaking crater lake, Segara Anak, that holds deep spiritual significance for the Sasak and Balinese people.", "zh": "龙目岛上的一座活火山，海拔3,726米——印度尼西亚第二高的火山，也是群岛上最具标志性和神圣性的山峰之一，从周围的海面戏剧性地拔地而起，拥有令人叹为观止的火山口湖——阿纳克海，对萨萨克人和巴厘人具有深远的精神意义。", "id": "Sebuah gunung berapi aktif di pulau Lombok, dengan ketinggian 3.726 meter—gunung berapi tertinggi kedua di Indonesia dan salah satu puncak paling ikonik dan sakral di Nusantara, menjulang dramatis dari laut sekitarnya dan menampilkan danau kawah yang menakjubkan, Segara Anak, yang memiliki makna spiritual yang mendalam bagi masyarakat Sasak dan Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "volcano", "lombok", "sacred", "trekking", "crater-lake", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mount-rinjani"}, {"id": "mount-tambora", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Tambora", "zh": "坦博拉火山", "id": "Gunung Tambora"}, "summary": {"en": "An active stratovolcano on the island of Sumbawa, famous for its catastrophic eruption in 1815—the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history—which killed tens of thousands, caused global climate anomalies, and created a massive caldera that stands today as a haunting reminder of nature's immense power and the fragility of human civilization.", "zh": "松巴哇岛上的一座活成层火山，以其1815年的灾难性喷发而闻名——有记录以来最大规模的火山喷发——造成数万人死亡，引发全球气候异常，并形成了一个巨大的火山口，至今仍令人敬畏地提醒着自然的巨大力量和人类文明的脆弱性。", "id": "Sebuah stratovolcano aktif di pulau Sumbawa, terkenal karena letusan dahsyatnya pada 1815—letusan gunung berapi terbesar dalam sejarah tercatat—yang menewaskan puluhan ribu orang, menyebabkan anomali iklim global, dan menciptakan kaldera besar yang berdiri hari ini sebagai pengingat yang menghantui tentang kekuatan alam yang sangat besar dan kerapuhan peradaban manusia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "volcano", "sumbawa", "eruption", "caldera", "climate", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mount-tambora"}, {"id": "mount-tangkuban-perahu", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Tangkuban Perahu", "zh": "覆舟火山", "id": "Gunung Tangkuban Perahu"}, "summary": {"en": "A volcanic mountain in West Java, known for its distinctive shape that resembles an overturned boat — a site of great geological significance and deep mythological importance, associated with the Sundanese legend of Sangkuriang and the tragic love story that gave the mountain its name.", "zh": "西爪哇的一座火山，以其酷似翻船的独特形状而闻名——一个具有重大地质意义和深远神话重要性的地点，与巽他传说桑库里昂和赋予此山名字的悲剧爱情故事相关联。", "id": "Sebuah gunung berapi di Jawa Barat, dikenal dengan bentuknya yang khas menyerupai perahu terbalik — sebuah situs dengan signifikansi geologis besar dan kepentingan mitologis yang dalam, terkait dengan legenda Sunda Sangkuriang dan kisah cinta tragis yang memberi nama gunung ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "volcano", "west-java", "sundanese", "legend", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mount-tangkuban-perahu"}, {"id": "mountains-of-indonesia", "module": "04_geography", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Mountains of Indonesia", "zh": "印尼山脉总览", "id": "Pegunungan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The mountains of the Nusantara archipelago — the volcanic spine of Java, the ancient highlands of Sumatra, the snow-capped peaks of Papua, and the sacred ranges of Bali and Sulawesi — each a pillar of the cosmic order, a dwelling place of the gods, and a guardian of the boundary between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的山脉——爪哇的火山脊梁、苏门答腊的古老高地、巴布亚的雪峰、巴厘和苏拉威西的神圣山脉——每一座都是宇宙秩序的支柱、神灵的居所、可见与不可见世界边界的守护者。", "id": "Pegunungan Nusantara — tulang punggung vulkanik Jawa, dataran tinggi kuno Sumatra, puncak bersalju Papua, dan rangkaian sakral Bali dan Sulawesi — masing-masing pilar tatanan kosmik, tempat tinggal para dewa, dan penjaga batas antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "mountains", "volcanoes", "javanese", "sumatran", "papuan", "balinese", "sulawesi"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/mountains-of-indonesia"}, {"id": "muller-mountains", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Muller Mountains", "zh": "穆勒山脉", "id": "Pegunungan Muller"}, "summary": {"en": "A rugged mountain range on the border between East and West Kalimantan, forming the source of the Mahakam River and serving as a vital watershed and cultural heartland for the Dayak people—a landscape of dense rainforest, rich biodiversity, and deep spiritual significance.", "zh": "位于东加里曼丹和西加里曼丹边界上的崎岖山脉，是马哈坎河的源头，作为重要的分水岭和达雅克人的文化腹地——一片拥有茂密雨林、丰富生物多样性和深厚精神意义的景观。", "id": "Sebuah pegunungan terjal di perbatasan Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Barat, membentuk hulu Sungai Mahakam dan berfungsi sebagai daerah aliran sungai yang vital serta jantung budaya masyarakat Dayak—sebuah lanskap hutan hujan lebat, keanekaragaman hayati yang kaya, dan makna spiritual yang dalam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "mountains", "kalimantan", "mahakam", "dayak", "watershed", "biodiversity", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/muller-mountains"}, {"id": "sahul-shelf", "module": "04_geography", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Sahul Shelf", "zh": "萨胡尔陆架", "id": "Paparan Sahul"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast prehistoric landmass that connected Australia, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands during the last glacial period when sea levels were 120 meters lower—a submerged continent whose remnants shape modern biogeography, human migration patterns, and the cultural connections between the peoples of eastern Indonesia and their Australasian neighbors.", "zh": "在上一个冰期海平面下降120米时连接澳大利亚、新几内亚和阿鲁群岛的巨大史前陆地——一片被淹没的大陆，其残余塑造了现代生物地理学、人类迁徙模式以及印尼东部人民与澳大拉西亚邻居之间的文化联系。", "id": "Sebuah daratan prasejarah yang luas yang menghubungkan Australia, New Guinea, dan Kepulauan Aru selama periode glasial terakhir ketika permukaan laut 120 meter lebih rendah—sebuah benua yang tenggelam yang sisa-sisanya membentuk biogeografi modern, pola migrasi manusia, dan hubungan budaya antara masyarakat Indonesia timur dan tetangga Australasia mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "prehistoric", "sahul", "australia", "new-guinea", "wallacea", "migration", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/sahul-shelf"}, {"id": "sudirman-range", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sudirman Range", "zh": "苏迪曼山脉", "id": "Pegunungan Sudirman"}, "summary": {"en": "A mountain range in Central Papua, home to Puncak Jaya—the highest peak in Indonesia and Oceania—a glaciated mountain range that stands as a sacred landscape in the spiritual geography of the archipelago.", "zh": "中巴布亚的山脉，拥有查亚峰——印度尼西亚和大洋洲的最高峰——一座冰川覆盖的山脉，在群岛的灵性地理中矗立为神圣景观。", "id": "Pegunungan di Papua Tengah, rumah bagi Puncak Jaya—puncak tertinggi di Indonesia dan Oseania—pegunungan bergletser yang berdiri sebagai lanskap sakral dalam geografi spiritual Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "mountain-range", "papua", "puncak-jaya", "highest-peak", "glaciated", "sacred", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/mountains/sudirman-range"}, {"id": "alas purwo national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Alas Purwo National Park", "zh": "阿拉斯普尔沃国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Alas Purwo"}, "summary": {"en": "A wild and sacred national park on the southeastern tip of Java, covering 43,420 hectares of monsoon forest, savanna, and pristine beaches—a place whose name means \"First Forest\" in Javanese, steeped in myth as the birthplace of the island, home to wild banteng, and a site of profound spiritual significance for Javanese and Balinese Hindus.", "zh": "位于爪哇东南端的野生而神圣的国家公园，覆盖43,420公顷的季雨林、稀树草原和原始海滩——一个在爪哇语中意为“第一森林”的地方，充满了作为岛屿诞生地的神话，是野生白臀野牛的家园，对爪哇和巴厘印度教徒具有深远的精神意义。", "id": "Sebuah taman nasional yang liar dan sakral di ujung tenggara Jawa, mencakup 43.420 hektar hutan musim, sabana, dan pantai perawan—sebuah tempat yang namanya berarti \"Hutan Pertama\" dalam bahasa Jawa, sarat dengan mitos sebagai tempat kelahiran pulau ini, rumah bagi banteng liar, dan situs dengan makna spiritual yang mendalam bagi umat Hindu Jawa dan Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "java", "east-java", "banteng", "sacred", "forest", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/alas-purwo-national-park"}, {"id": "alas-purwo-national-park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "event", "name": {"en": "British Colonialism in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的英国殖民统治", "id": "Kolonialisme Inggris di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The brief but consequential period of British rule in the Indonesian archipelago (1811–1816), during which Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles served as Lieutenant-Governor of Java—a period of administrative reform, the rediscovery of Borobudur, and the temporary interruption of Dutch colonial power that left a lasting impact on Javanese governance, archaeology, and economic policy.", "zh": "英国在印度尼西亚群岛短暂但影响深远的统治时期（1811–1816），在此期间托马斯·斯坦福·莱佛士爵士担任爪哇副总督——一个行政改革、重新发现婆罗浮屠和暂时中断荷兰殖民权力的时期，对爪哇的治理、考古学和经济政策留下了持久的影响。", "id": "Periode singkat namun penting pemerintahan Inggris di Nusantara (1811–1816), di mana Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles menjabat sebagai Letnan-Gubernur Jawa—periode reformasi administrasi, penemuan kembali Borobudur, dan interupsi sementara kekuasaan kolonial Belanda yang meninggalkan dampak abadi pada pemerintahan, arkeologi, dan kebijakan ekonomi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["history", "colonialism", "british", "raffles", "borobudur", "interregnum", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/alas-purwo-national-park"}, {"id": "alas-purwo-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Alas Purwo National Park", "zh": "阿拉斯普尔沃国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Alas Purwo"}, "summary": {"en": "A wild and sacred national park on the southeastern tip of Java, covering 43,420 hectares of monsoon forest, savanna, and pristine beaches—a place whose name means \"First Forest\" in Javanese, steeped in myth as the birthplace of the island, home to wild banteng, and a site of profound spiritual significance for Javanese and Balinese Hindus.", "zh": "位于爪哇东南端的野生而神圣的国家公园，覆盖43,420公顷的季雨林、稀树草原和原始海滩——一个在爪哇语中意为“第一森林”的地方，充满了作为岛屿诞生地的神话，是野生白臀野牛的家园，对爪哇和巴厘印度教徒具有深远的精神意义。", "id": "Sebuah taman nasional yang liar dan sakral di ujung tenggara Jawa, mencakup 43.420 hektar hutan musim, sabana, dan pantai perawan—sebuah tempat yang namanya berarti \"Hutan Pertama\" dalam bahasa Jawa, sarat dengan mitos sebagai tempat kelahiran pulau ini, rumah bagi banteng liar, dan situs dengan makna spiritual yang mendalam bagi umat Hindu Jawa dan Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "java", "banteng", "sacred", "forest", "biodiversity", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/alas-purwo-np"}, {"id": "alas-purwo-np.md", "module": "04_geography", "type": "", "name": {"en": "alas-purwo-np.md", "zh": "alas-purwo-np.md", "id": "alas-purwo-np.md"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/alas-purwo-np.md"}, {"id": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park", "zh": "南巴里桑国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan"}, "summary": {"en": "The southernmost park in the Barisan mountain chain — a last refuge for the Sumatran tiger, elephant, and rhinoceros, where the rainforest meets the Indian Ocean and the boundary between worlds grows thin.", "zh": "巴里桑山脉最南端的公园——苏门答腊虎、象和犀牛最后的避难所，雨林在此与印度洋相遇，诸界之间的边界变得稀薄。", "id": "Taman nasional paling selatan di rantai Pegunungan Barisan — perlindungan terakhir bagi harimau Sumatra, gajah, dan badak, di mana hutan hujan bertemu dengan Samudra Hindia dan batas antar dunia menjadi tipis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sumatra", "unesco", "tiger", "elephant", "rhinoceros", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/bukit-barisan-selatan-national-park"}, {"id": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park", "zh": "南巴里桑国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast national park in southern Sumatra, covering 356,800 hectares of tropical rainforest, home to endangered species such as the Sumatran tiger, elephant, and rhinoceros—a UNESCO World Heritage site that represents one of the last strongholds of Sumatra's extraordinary biodiversity, facing constant threats from deforestation and illegal encroachment.", "zh": "苏门答腊南部广袤的国家公园，覆盖356,800公顷的热带雨林，栖息着苏门答腊虎、大象和犀牛等濒危物种——一个联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，代表了苏门答腊非凡生物多样性的最后堡垒之一，面临着森林砍伐和非法侵占的持续威胁。", "id": "Sebuah taman nasional yang luas di Sumatra selatan, mencakup 356.800 hektar hutan hujan tropis, rumah bagi spesies terancam punah seperti harimau Sumatra, gajah, dan badak—sebuah Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO yang mewakili salah satu benteng terakhir keanekaragaman hayati Sumatra yang luar biasa, menghadapi ancaman terus-menerus dari deforestasi dan perambahan ilegal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sumatra", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "endangered-species", "unesco", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/bukit-barisan-selatan-np"}, {"id": "bunaken national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Bunaken National Park", "zh": "布纳肯国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Bunaken"}, "summary": {"en": "A pioneer of Indonesia's marine protected areas — a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in North Sulawesi with over 390 species of coral and a vertical wall of marine life that descends into the deep.", "zh": "印尼海洋保护区的先驱——北苏拉威西的联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区，拥有超过390种珊瑚，以及一面垂直延伸至深海的海洋生物之墙。", "id": "Pelopor kawasan perlindungan laut Indonesia — Cagar Biosfer UNESCO di Sulawesi Utara dengan lebih dari 390 spesies karang dan dinding vertikal kehidupan laut yang turun ke kedalaman."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "marine", "sulawesi", "unesco", "coral", "biosphere", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/bunaken-national-park"}, {"id": "bunaken-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bunaken National Park", "zh": "布纳肯国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Bunaken"}, "summary": {"en": "A world-renowned marine park in North Sulawesi, covering 89,065 hectares of pristine coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests—home to over 2,500 species of fish, 350 species of coral, and some of the most spectacular diving sites on Earth, representing the crown jewel of Indonesia's marine biodiversity.", "zh": "北苏拉威西世界闻名的海洋公园，覆盖89,065公顷的原始珊瑚礁、海草床和红树林——栖息着超过2,500种鱼类、350种珊瑚，以及地球上一些最壮观的潜水点，代表了印尼海洋生物多样性的皇冠明珠。", "id": "Sebuah taman laut yang terkenal di dunia di Sulawesi Utara, mencakup 89.065 hektar terumbu karang perawan, padang lamun, dan hutan bakau—rumah bagi lebih dari 2.500 spesies ikan, 350 spesies karang, dan beberapa situs menyelam paling spektakuler di Bumi, mewakili permata mahkota keanekaragaman hayati laut Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "marine-park", "sulawesi", "diving", "coral-reef", "biodiversity", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/bunaken-np"}, {"id": "gunung-leuser-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Gunung Leuser National Park", "zh": "勒塞尔火山国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast tropical rainforest wilderness in northern Sumatra, spanning the provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra—a UNESCO World Heritage site and the only place on Earth where orangutans, tigers, elephants, and rhinoceros coexist in the wild, representing one of the most significant biodiversity hotspots in Southeast Asia.", "zh": "苏门答腊北部一片辽阔的热带雨林荒野，横跨亚齐省和北苏门答腊省——联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，也是地球上唯一一个野生猩猩、老虎、大象和犀牛共存的地区，代表着东南亚最重要的生物多样性热点之一。", "id": "Hutan hujan tropis yang luas di Sumatra utara, membentang di provinsi Aceh dan Sumatra Utara—Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO dan satu-satunya tempat di Bumi di mana orangutan, harimau, gajah, dan badak hidup bersama di alam liar, mewakili salah satu pusat keanekaragaman hayati terpenting di Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sumatra", "unesco", "biodiversity", "rainforest", "orangutan", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/gunung-leuser-np"}, {"id": "indonesian-national-parks", "module": "04_geography", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian National Parks", "zh": "印尼国家公园总览", "id": "Taman Nasional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The national parks of the Nusantara archipelago — sanctuaries of biodiversity, remnants of the primordial forest, and the last bastions of the ancient spiritual energy that once flowed freely through the land.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的国家公园——生物多样性的庇护所、原始森林的遗迹、以及曾经在这片土地上自由流淌的古老灵性能量的最后堡垒。", "id": "Taman nasional kepulauan Nusantara — suaka keanekaragaman hayati, sisa-sisa hutan purba, dan benteng terakhir energi spiritual kuno yang pernah mengalir bebas di seluruh tanah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "national-parks", "biodiversity", "conservation", "rainforest", "javanese", "sumatran", "balinese"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/indonesian-national-parks"}, {"id": "kerinci seblat national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Kerinci Seblat National Park", "zh": "葛林芝-塞布拉特国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest national park in Sumatra — a mountainous wilderness at the heart of the island, home to the world's tallest flower, the Sumatran tiger, and the source of rivers that sustain the land.", "zh": "苏门答腊最大的国家公园——位于岛屿中心的山地荒野，拥有世界上最高的花、苏门答腊虎，以及滋养大地的河流之源。", "id": "Taman nasional terbesar di Sumatra — hutan belantara pegunungan di jantung pulau, rumah bagi bunga tertinggi di dunia, harimau Sumatra, dan sumber sungai yang menopang daratan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sumatra", "unesco", "kerinci", "tiger", "flower", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/kerinci-seblat-national-park"}, {"id": "kerinci-seblat-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kerinci Seblat National Park", "zh": "葛林芝-塞布拉特国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast tropical rainforest wilderness in central Sumatra, covering four provinces—one of the largest and most biodiverse national parks in Southeast Asia, protecting the critically endangered Sumatran tiger and serving as a vital watershed, representing the heart of the Barisan Mountains.", "zh": "苏门答腊中部一片辽阔的热带雨林荒野，横跨四个省份——东南亚最大、生物多样性最丰富的国家公园之一，保护着极度濒危的苏门答腊虎，并作为重要的水源地，代表着巴里桑山脉的心脏。", "id": "Hutan hujan tropis yang luas di Sumatra tengah, membentang di empat provinsi—salah satu taman nasional terbesar dan paling beragam hayati di Asia Tenggara, melindungi harimau Sumatra yang terancam punah dan berfungsi sebagai daerah aliran sungai yang vital, mewakili jantung Pegunungan Barisan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sumatra", "unesco", "biodiversity", "tiger", "watershed", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/kerinci-seblat-np"}, {"id": "komodo-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Komodo National Park", "zh": "科莫多国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Komodo"}, "summary": {"en": "A UNESCO World Heritage site in the Lesser Sunda Islands, home to the iconic Komodo dragon—the world's largest living lizard—and a landscape of rugged hills, dry savanna, and pristine coral reefs, representing one of Indonesia's most extraordinary natural and cultural treasures.", "zh": "小巽他群岛的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，标志性科莫多龙——世界上最大的活蜥蜴——的家园，拥有崎岖的山丘、干燥的稀树草原和原始珊瑚礁的景观，代表了印度尼西亚最非凡的自然和文化宝藏之一。", "id": "Sebuah Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, rumah bagi komodo yang ikonik—kadal hidup terbesar di dunia—dan lanskap bukit terjal, sabana kering, dan terumbu karang perawan, mewakili salah satu harta alam dan budaya paling luar biasa di Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "komodo", "dragon", "unesco", "biodiversity", "island", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/komodo-np"}, {"id": "lore lindu national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Lore Lindu National Park", "zh": "洛雷林杜国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Lore Lindu"}, "summary": {"en": "A mountainous rainforest in Central Sulawesi — a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, home to the maleo bird, the anoa, and the babirusa, where ancient megaliths stand as silent witnesses to the hidden realm.", "zh": "中苏拉威西的山地雨林——联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区，地球上生物多样性最丰富的地方之一，马利奥鸟、倭水牛和鹿豚的家园，古老的巨石像沉默的见证者矗立于此，凝视着隐藏的领域。", "id": "Hutan hujan pegunungan di Sulawesi Tengah — Cagar Biosfer UNESCO dan salah satu tempat paling kaya keanekaragaman hayati di Bumi, rumah bagi burung maleo, anoa, dan babirusa, di mana megalit kuno berdiri sebagai saksi bisu alam gaib."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sulawesi", "unesco", "biosphere", "biodiversity", "megalith", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/lore-lindu-national-park"}, {"id": "lore-lindu-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lore Lindu National Park", "zh": "罗瑞林杜国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Lore Lindu"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast protected area in Central Sulawesi, encompassing lowland and montane forests, endemic wildlife, and one of the world's most significant collections of ancient megaliths—a landscape where the boundaries between the natural, the ancestral, and the hidden realms are thin.", "zh": "中苏拉威西的一片广阔保护区，涵盖低地和山地森林、特有野生动物以及世界上最壮观的古代巨石群之一——一片自然、祖先与隐藏界域之间边界薄弱之地。", "id": "Kawasan lindung yang luas di Sulawesi Tengah, mencakup hutan dataran rendah dan pegunungan, satwa liar endemik, dan salah satu koleksi megalit kuno paling signifikan di dunia—lanskap di mana batas antara alam, leluhur, dan alam tersembunyi tipis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "sulawesi", "biodiversity", "megalith", "unesco", "rainforest", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/lore-lindu-np"}, {"id": "lorentz-national-park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lorentz National Park", "zh": "洛伦茨国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Lorentz"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast UNESCO World Heritage site in Papua, covering over 2.5 million hectares of pristine tropical rainforest, glaciers, and alpine ecosystems—the largest protected area in Southeast Asia, spanning from snow-capped mountains to tropical lowlands, and a sanctuary for extraordinary biodiversity and indigenous cultures.", "zh": "巴布亚广阔的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，覆盖超过250万公顷的原始热带雨林、冰川和高山生态系统——东南亚最大的保护区，从雪山延伸到热带低地，是非凡生物多样性和土著文化的避难所。", "id": "Sebuah Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO yang luas di Papua, mencakup lebih dari 2,5 juta hektar hutan hujan tropis perawan, gletser, dan ekosistem alpine—kawasan lindung terbesar di Asia Tenggara, membentang dari gunung bersalju hingga dataran rendah tropis, dan tempat perlindungan bagi keanekaragaman hayati dan budaya asli yang luar biasa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "papua", "unesco", "rainforest", "glacier", "biodiversity", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/lorentz-national-park"}, {"id": "raja-ampat-marine-park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Raja Ampat Marine Park", "zh": "四王群岛海洋公园", "id": "Taman Laut Raja Ampat"}, "summary": {"en": "A world-renowned marine park in West Papua, covering over 4 million hectares of pristine coral reefs, mangrove forests, and turquoise waters—home to the highest marine biodiversity on Earth, including over 1,500 species of fish and 600 species of coral, representing the crown jewel of Indonesia's marine heritage and one of the last great wildernesses of the ocean.", "zh": "西巴布亚世界闻名的海洋公园，覆盖超过400万公顷的原始珊瑚礁、红树林和碧蓝海水——地球上海洋生物多样性最高的地方，包括超过1,500种鱼类和600种珊瑚，代表了印尼海洋遗产的皇冠明珠，也是海洋最后的伟大荒野之一。", "id": "Sebuah taman laut yang terkenal di dunia di Papua Barat, mencakup lebih dari 4 juta hektar terumbu karang perawan, hutan bakau, dan air biru kehijauan—rumah bagi keanekaragaman hayati laut tertinggi di Bumi, termasuk lebih dari 1.500 spesies ikan dan 600 spesies karang, mewakili permata mahkota warisan laut Indonesia dan salah satu padang gurun besar terakhir di lautan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "marine-park", "papua", "diving", "coral-reef", "biodiversity", "raja-ampat"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/raja-ampat-marine-park"}, {"id": "teluk cenderawasih national park", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Teluk Cenderawasih National Park", "zh": "极乐鸟湾国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest marine national park in Indonesia — a 1.4 million hectare sanctuary in Papua that is home to whale sharks, coral reefs, and the vibrant cultures of the indigenous peoples of the Bird's Head Peninsula.", "zh": "印尼最大的海洋国家公园——巴布亚140万公顷的庇护所，鲸鲨、珊瑚礁和鸟头半岛原住民的活力文化之家。", "id": "Taman nasional laut terbesar di Indonesia — suaka seluas 1,4 juta hektare di Papua yang menjadi rumah bagi hiu paus, terumbu karang, dan budaya dinamis masyarakat adat Semenanjung Kepala Burung."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "marine", "papua", "whale-shark", "coral", "indigenous"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/teluk-cenderawasih-national-park"}, {"id": "teluk-cenderawasih-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Teluk Cenderawasih National Park", "zh": "极乐鸟湾国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast marine national park in West Papua, covering over 1.4 million hectares of pristine coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangrove forests—home to the world's largest population of whale sharks, extraordinary marine biodiversity, and some of the most spectacular underwater landscapes in Indonesia, representing a sanctuary for both marine life and indigenous culture.", "zh": "西巴布亚广阔的海洋国家公园，覆盖超过140万公顷的原始珊瑚礁、海草床和红树林——世界上最大的鲸鲨种群的家园，拥有非凡的海洋生物多样性和印尼最壮观的水下景观之一，是海洋生物和土著文化的避难所。", "id": "Sebuah taman nasional laut yang luas di Papua Barat, mencakup lebih dari 1,4 juta hektar terumbu karang perawan, padang lamun, dan hutan bakau—rumah bagi populasi hiu paus terbesar di dunia, keanekaragaman hayati laut yang luar biasa, dan beberapa lanskap bawah laut paling spektakuler di Indonesia, mewakili tempat perlindungan bagi kehidupan laut dan budaya asli."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "marine-park", "papua", "whale-shark", "biodiversity", "conservation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/teluk-cenderawasih-np"}, {"id": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra", "zh": "苏门答腊热带雨林遗产", "id": "Warisan Hutan Hujan Tropis Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "A 2.5-million-hectare UNESCO World Heritage site spanning the spine of Sumatra—a living archive of evolution, where tigers, rhinos, orangutans, and elephants still share the same ancient forests, and where the boundary between the human world and the wild has not yet been completely erased.", "zh": "一片横跨苏门答腊脊梁的250万公顷联合国教科文组织世界遗产——一部活着的进化档案，老虎、犀牛、猩猩和大象仍在同一片古老森林中共存，人类世界与荒野之间的边界尚未被完全抹去。", "id": "Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO seluas 2,5 juta hektar yang membentang di sepanjang tulang punggung Sumatra—arsip hidup evolusi, di mana harimau, badak, orangutan, dan gajah masih berbagi hutan purba yang sama, dan di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan alam liar belum sepenuhnya terhapus."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["geography", "world-heritage", "unesco", "sumatra", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "conservation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra"}, {"id": "ujung-kulon-np", "module": "04_geography", "type": "national_park", "name": {"en": "Ujung Kulon National Park", "zh": "乌戎库隆国家公园", "id": "Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon"}, "summary": {"en": "The last stronghold of the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros — a UNESCO World Heritage Site at the western tip of Java, where lowland rainforest meets volcanic fire and the hidden realm touches the visible world.", "zh": "极度濒危的爪哇犀牛最后的堡垒——位于爪哇最西端的联合国教科文组织世界遗产，低地雨林与火山之火在此交汇，隐藏领域与可见世界在此相接。", "id": "Benteng terakhir badak Jawa yang terancam punah — Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO di ujung barat Jawa, di mana hutan hujan dataran rendah bertemu dengan api vulkanik dan alam gaib menyentuh dunia yang terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "national-park", "unesco", "java", "javan-rhinoceros", "rainforest", "volcano", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/parks/ujung-kulon-np"}, {"id": "aceh", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Aceh", "zh": "亚齐", "id": "Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A special autonomous province at the northern tip of Sumatra—the first Muslim stronghold in the Indonesian archipelago, known as the \"Porch of Mecca,\" a land of fierce independence, profound Islamic faith, and resilient recovery from the devastating 2004 tsunami.", "zh": "苏门答腊北端的一个特别自治省——印度尼西亚群岛第一个伊斯兰堡垒，被称为“麦加的门廊”，一片以强烈的独立精神、深厚的伊斯兰信仰和从毁灭性2004年海啸中坚韧复苏而闻名的土地。", "id": "Provinsi otonom khusus di ujung utara Sumatra—benteng Muslim pertama di kepulauan Indonesia, dikenal sebagai \"Serambi Mekah,\" tanah dengan semangat kemerdekaan yang gigih, iman Islam yang mendalam, dan pemulihan yang tangguh dari tsunami 2004 yang menghancurkan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 32, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sumatra", "aceh", "islam", "tsunami", "independence", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/aceh"}, {"id": "central-java", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Central Java", "zh": "中爪哇", "id": "Jawa Tengah"}, "summary": {"en": "The cultural and spiritual heart of Java—a province defined by its sacred geography, where the volcanic axis of Mount Merapi, the cosmic mountain of Borobudur, and the mystical South Sea converge, creating a landscape that has shaped Javanese civilization for over a thousand years.", "zh": "爪哇文化与灵性之心——一个由其神圣地理定义的省份，默拉皮火山的火山轴心、婆罗浮屠的宇宙之山与神秘的南海交汇于此，塑造了一千多年来爪哇文明的景观。", "id": "Jantung budaya dan spiritual Jawa—provinsi yang ditentukan oleh geografi sakralnya, di mana poros vulkanik Gunung Merapi, gunung kosmik Borobudur, dan Laut Selatan yang mistis bertemu, menciptakan lanskap yang telah membentuk peradaban Jawa selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 67, "tags": ["geography", "province", "java", "central-java", "sacred-geography", "borobudur", "merapi", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/central-java"}, {"id": "central-kalimantan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Central Kalimantan", "zh": "中加里曼丹", "id": "Kalimantan Tengah"}, "summary": {"en": "The heart of Borneo — a vast province of dense rainforest, winding rivers, and the cultural heartland of the Dayak people, where the indigenous Kaharingan faith still thrives, and where the ancient rhythms of nature and spirit continue to shape daily life.", "zh": "婆罗洲的心脏——一个拥有茂密雨林、蜿蜒河流和达雅克人文化腹地的广阔省份，本土的卡哈林甘信仰仍在此繁盛，自然与精神的古老节律继续塑造着日常生活。", "id": "Jantung Kalimantan — sebuah provinsi luas dengan hutan hujan lebat, sungai-sungai berkelok, dan jantung budaya masyarakat Dayak, di mana iman Kaharingan asli masih berkembang, dan di mana ritme kuno alam dan roh terus membentuk kehidupan sehari-hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "province", "kalimantan", "borneo", "dayak", "kaharingan", "forest", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/central-kalimantan"}, {"id": "east-java", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "East Java", "zh": "东爪哇", "id": "Jawa Timur"}, "summary": {"en": "A province on the eastern part of Java, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, rich cultural heritage—from the ancient Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms of Singhasari and Majapahit to the Islamic sultanates of Demak and Mataram—and its vibrant modern cities like Surabaya and Malang.", "zh": "爪哇东部的一个省份，以其壮丽的火山景观、丰富的文化遗产而闻名——从新柯沙里和满者伯夷等古代印度教-佛教王国，到淡目和马打兰等伊斯兰苏丹国——以及泗水和玛琅等充满活力的现代城市。", "id": "Provinsi di bagian timur Jawa, terkenal dengan lanskap vulkaniknya yang dramatis, warisan budaya yang kaya—dari kerajaan Hindu-Buddha kuno Singhasari dan Majapahit hingga kesultanan Islam Demak dan Mataram—serta kota-kota modernnya yang dinamis seperti Surabaya dan Malang."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 57, "tags": ["geography", "province", "java", "east-java", "volcanic", "cultural-heritage", "urban", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/east-java"}, {"id": "east-kalimantan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "East Kalimantan", "zh": "东加里曼丹", "id": "Kalimantan Timur"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast province on the island of Borneo, covering 127,346 square kilometers of dense rainforest, winding rivers, and rich mineral deposits—a land of Dayak longhouses, Kutai kingdoms, coal barges, and the future site of Indonesia's new capital city, Nusantara, where the collision of tradition, extraction, and national ambition plays out on a monumental scale.", "zh": "婆罗洲岛上的广阔省份，覆盖127,346平方公里的茂密雨林、蜿蜒河流和丰富矿藏——达雅克长屋、库泰王国、煤炭驳船以及印度尼西亚新首都努桑塔拉未来所在地的土地，传统、资源开采和国家雄心在这里以宏大规模展开碰撞。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi luas di pulau Kalimantan, meliputi 127.346 kilometer persegi hutan hujan lebat, sungai-sungai berkelok, dan deposit mineral yang kaya—tanah rumah panjang Dayak, kerajaan Kutai, tongkang batu bara, dan lokasi masa depan ibu kota baru Indonesia, Nusantara, di mana benturan tradisi, ekstraksi, dan ambisi nasional berlangsung dalam skala monumental."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["geography", "province", "kalimantan", "borneo", "east-kalimantan", "nusantara", "dayak", "coal"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/east-kalimantan"}, {"id": "north-maluku", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "North Maluku", "zh": "北马鲁古", "id": "Maluku Utara"}, "summary": {"en": "A province in eastern Indonesia, comprising the northern part of the Maluku Islands — the historic Spice Islands, home to the legendary Moloku Kie Raha confederation, and a region of volcanic islands, rich maritime heritage, and a history of resistance against European colonialism.", "zh": "印度尼西亚东部的一个省份，包括马鲁古群岛的北部——历史上的香料群岛，传奇的莫洛库·基·拉哈联盟的所在地，一个火山岛屿、丰富海洋遗产和抵抗欧洲殖民主义历史的地区。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di Indonesia timur, mencakup bagian utara Kepulauan Maluku — Kepulauan Rempah bersejarah, rumah bagi konfederasi Moloku Kie Raha yang legendaris, dan sebuah wilayah pulau vulkanik, warisan maritim yang kaya, dan sejarah perlawanan terhadap kolonialisme Eropa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "province", "maluku", "spice-islands", "moloku-kie-raha", "volcanic", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/north-maluku"}, {"id": "north-sulawesi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "North Sulawesi", "zh": "北苏拉威西", "id": "Sulawesi Utara"}, "summary": {"en": "A province in northern Sulawesi, known for its dramatic volcanic landscapes, world-class diving sites, and rich cultural diversity — a region where Minahasa, Bolaang Mongondow, and other ethnic groups coexist, and where the legacy of Dutch missionary work has shaped a predominantly Christian culture in the heart of Muslim-majority Indonesia.", "zh": "苏拉威西北部的一个省份，以其壮观的火山地貌、世界级的潜水点和丰富的文化多样性而闻名——米纳哈萨、博朗蒙贡多和其他民族共存的地区，荷兰传教工作的遗产在穆斯林占多数的印度尼西亚中心塑造了以基督教为主的文化。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di Sulawesi utara, dikenal dengan lanskap vulkaniknya yang dramatis, tempat menyelam kelas dunia, dan keragaman budaya yang kaya — sebuah wilayah di mana Minahasa, Bolaang Mongondow, dan kelompok etnis lainnya hidup berdampingan, dan di mana warisan pekerjaan misionaris Belanda telah membentuk budaya yang mayoritas Kristen di jantung Indonesia yang mayoritas Muslim."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sulawesi", "diving", "culture", "christianity", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/north-sulawesi"}, {"id": "north-sumatra", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "North Sumatra", "zh": "北苏门答腊", "id": "Sumatra Utara"}, "summary": {"en": "A province of volcanic lakes, ancient kingdoms, and diverse cultures—where the Batak people maintain their ancestral traditions on the shores of Lake Toba, and where the crossroads of trade have shaped a landscape of resilience and spiritual power.", "zh": "一个拥有火山湖、古老王国和多元文化的省份——巴塔克人在多巴湖岸边保留着祖先的传统，贸易的十字路口塑造了一片充满韧性与灵性力量的土地。", "id": "Provinsi danau vulkanik, kerajaan kuno, dan budaya yang beragam—di mana masyarakat Batak mempertahankan tradisi leluhur mereka di tepi Danau Toba, dan di mana persimpangan perdagangan telah membentuk lanskap ketahanan dan kekuatan spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sumatra", "north-sumatra", "lake-toba", "batak", "volcanic", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/north-sumatra"}, {"id": "south-kalimantan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "South Kalimantan", "zh": "南加里曼丹", "id": "Kalimantan Selatan"}, "summary": {"en": "A province on the island of Borneo, known for its extensive river systems, wetland agriculture, and the cultural heartland of the Banjar people — a region where the traditions of the Banjar Sultanate, Islamic scholarship, and the rhythms of river life converge, shaping a distinctive culture that has endured for centuries.", "zh": "婆罗洲岛上的一个省份，以其广阔的河流系统、湿地农业和班贾尔人的文化腹地而闻名——班贾尔苏丹国的传统、伊斯兰学术和河流生活的节奏在此交汇，塑造了一种独特的文化，这种文化已经延续了几个世纪。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di pulau Kalimantan, dikenal dengan sistem sungainya yang luas, pertanian lahan basah, dan jantung budaya masyarakat Banjar — sebuah wilayah di mana tradisi Kesultanan Banjar, keilmuan Islam, dan ritme kehidupan sungai bertemu, membentuk budaya khas yang telah bertahan selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["geography", "province", "kalimantan", "banjar", "river", "wetland", "culture", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/south-kalimantan"}, {"id": "south-sulawesi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "South Sulawesi", "zh": "南苏拉威西", "id": "Sulawesi Selatan"}, "summary": {"en": "A province of rugged coasts and highland valleys, where the Bugis sailors once ruled the seas and the Toraja people still build houses that point to the sky—a land of spice, silk, and the spirits of the ancestors, where the past is never past.", "zh": "一处崎岖海岸与高地山谷的省份，布吉斯水手曾在此统治海洋，托拉查人至今仍建造指向天空的房屋——香料、丝绸与祖先灵魂之地，过去从未真正过去。", "id": "Provinsi pantai terjal dan lembah dataran tinggi, di mana para pelaut Bugis pernah menguasai lautan dan orang Toraja masih membangun rumah yang menunjuk ke langit—tanah rempah, sutra, dan roh leluhur, di mana masa lalu tak pernah benar-benar berlalu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sulawesi", "south-sulawesi", "bugis", "toraja", "spice-trade", "phinisi"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/south-sulawesi"}, {"id": "toraja", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Tana Toraja", "zh": "托拉查高地", "id": "Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "The rugged highlands of South Sulawesi—a land of mist and mountains, where the Toraja people have built their civilization on the slopes of volcanoes, burying their dead in cliffs, raising their houses toward the sky, and keeping the ancestors alive in ritual and memory.", "zh": "南苏拉威西崎岖的高地——一片雾与山的土地，托拉查人在火山坡上建立了文明，将死者葬于悬崖，将房屋升向天空，在仪式与记忆中让祖先永存。", "id": "Dataran tinggi terjal di Sulawesi Selatan—tanah kabut dan gunung, di mana orang Toraja telah membangun peradaban mereka di lereng gunung berapi, mengubur orang mati di tebing, meninggikan rumah mereka ke langit, dan menjaga leluhur tetap hidup dalam ritual dan ingatan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["geography", "region", "sulawesi", "toraja", "highland", "ancestor-worship", "rambu-solo", "tongkonan"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/toraja"}, {"id": "west-iran", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "West Papua", "zh": "西巴布亚", "id": "Papua Barat"}, "summary": {"en": "A province at the western half of the island of New Guinea, known for its extraordinary biodiversity, dense rainforests, and rich cultural heritage — a land of the Papuan peoples, where ancient traditions, colonial legacies, and contemporary struggles for self-determination converge in a landscape of mountains, forests, and seas.", "zh": "新几内亚岛西半部的一个省份，以其非凡的生物多样性、茂密的雨林和丰富的文化遗产而闻名——巴布亚民族的土地，古老传统、殖民遗产和当代自决斗争在群山、森林和海洋交汇。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di bagian barat pulau New Guinea, dikenal dengan keanekaragaman hayatinya yang luar biasa, hutan hujan lebat, dan warisan budayanya yang kaya — tanah orang Papua, di mana tradisi kuno, warisan kolonial, dan perjuangan kontemporer untuk penentuan nasib sendiri bertemu dalam lanskap gunung, hutan, dan lautan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "province", "papua", "new-guinea", "biodiversity", "indigenous", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/west-iran"}, {"id": "west-java", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "West Java", "zh": "西爪哇", "id": "Jawa Barat"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's most populous province, a region of volcanic peaks, lush highlands, and bustling cities—the cultural heartland of the Sundanese people, the site of ancient kingdoms like Tarumanegara and Pajajaran, and the gateway to the nation's capital, Jakarta.", "zh": "印度尼西亚人口最多的省份，一个拥有火山峰、茂密高地和繁华城市的地区——巽他人的文化中心，塔鲁马纳加拉和帕查查兰等古代王国的所在地，以及通往首都雅加达的门户。", "id": "Provinsi terpadat di Indonesia, sebuah wilayah dengan puncak vulkanik, dataran tinggi yang subur, dan kota-kota yang sibuk—jantung budaya masyarakat Sunda, situs kerajaan kuno seperti Tarumanegara dan Pajajaran, serta gerbang menuju ibu kota negara, Jakarta."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 34, "tags": ["geography", "province", "java", "west-java", "sundanese", "volcano", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/west-java"}, {"id": "west-kalimantan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "West Kalimantan", "zh": "西加里曼丹", "id": "Kalimantan Barat"}, "summary": {"en": "A province on the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and the Malaysian state of Sarawak—a land of equatorial rainforests, the mighty Kapuas River, Dayak longhouses, Chinese trading towns, and the equator that bisects its territory, embodying the diverse cultural and ecological tapestry of Kalimantan.", "zh": "婆罗洲岛上的一个省份，毗邻南海和马来西亚沙捞越州——一片赤道雨林、壮阔的卡普阿斯河、达雅克长屋、华人贸易城镇和赤道线穿境而过的土地，体现了加里曼丹多样化的文化和生态织锦。", "id": "Sebuah provinsi di pulau Kalimantan, berbatasan dengan Laut Cina Selatan dan negara bagian Sarawak, Malaysia—tanah hutan hujan khatulistiwa, Sungai Kapuas yang perkasa, rumah panjang Dayak, kota dagang Tionghoa, dan garis khatulistiwa yang membagi wilayahnya, mewujudkan keragaman budaya dan ekologi Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["geography", "province", "kalimantan", "borneo", "kapuas", "dayak", "equator", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/west-kalimantan"}, {"id": "west-sumatra", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "West Sumatra", "zh": "西苏门答腊", "id": "Sumatra Barat"}, "summary": {"en": "The land of the Minangkabau—a province of volcanic highlands, matrilineal traditions, and a culture that has shaped the culinary soul of the archipelago, where the Rumah Gadang rises like a buffalo's horns and the scent of rendang drifts through the valleys.", "zh": "米南加保人的土地——一片火山高地、母系传统和塑造了群岛烹饪灵魂的文化之地，加当屋如牛角般耸立，仁当的香气飘荡在山谷之间。", "id": "Tanah Minangkabau—provinsi dataran tinggi vulkanik, tradisi matrilineal, dan budaya yang telah membentuk jiwa kuliner Nusantara, di mana Rumah Gadang menjulang seperti tanduk kerbau dan aroma rendang melayang di lembah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["geography", "province", "sumatra", "west-sumatra", "minangkabau", "padang", "bukittinggi", "rendang"], "url": "./library/04_geography/provinces/west-sumatra"}, {"id": "banda-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Banda Sea", "zh": "班达海", "id": "Laut Banda"}, "summary": {"en": "A deep sea in the Maluku archipelago, home to active volcanic islands and rich marine biodiversity.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛中的一片深海，拥有活火山岛和丰富的海洋生物多样性，也是神秘的“幽灵船”传说之地。", "id": "Laut dalam di Kepulauan Maluku, rumah bagi pulau vulkanik aktif dan keanekaragaman hayati laut yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["sea", "banda-sea", "maluku", "deep-sea", "volcanic"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/banda-sea"}, {"id": "ceram-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ceram Sea", "zh": "塞兰海", "id": "Laut Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "A sea in the Maluku archipelago, known for its pristine waters and the legendary \"Sea Serpent\" sightings.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的一片海域，以其原始清澈的海水和神秘的“海蛇”目击传说而闻名。", "id": "Laut di Kepulauan Maluku, terkenal dengan airnya yang masih alami dan penampakan \"Ular Laut\" yang legendaris."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["sea", "ceram-sea", "maluku", "pristine", "sea-serpent"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/ceram-sea"}, {"id": "coral-triangle", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Coral Triangle", "zh": "珊瑚三角区", "id": "Segitiga Terumbu Karang"}, "summary": {"en": "The global center of marine biodiversity—a vast ocean realm where the Pacific and Indian Oceans meet, home to three-quarters of the world's coral species and thousands of reef fish, a living treasure that sustains millions of people and holds the memory of the ancient seas in its underwater gardens.", "zh": "全球海洋生物多样性的中心——太平洋与印度洋交汇的广阔海洋领域，拥有世界上四分之三的珊瑚物种和数千种珊瑚鱼，一片维系着数百万人的活态宝藏，在水下花园中保存着古海的记忆。", "id": "Pusat keanekaragaman hayati laut global—wilayah samudra luas tempat Samudra Pasifik dan Hindia bertemu, rumah bagi tiga perempat spesies karang dunia dan ribuan ikan karang, harta hidup yang menopang jutaan manusia dan menyimpan ingatan laut kuno di taman bawah airnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "marine", "biodiversity", "coral", "conservation", "wallacea", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/coral-triangle"}, {"id": "flores Sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "sea", "name": {"en": "Flores Sea", "zh": "弗洛勒斯海", "id": "Laut Flores"}, "summary": {"en": "A deep sea straddling the Wallace Line — connecting the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, home to some of the most pristine coral reefs in the world and the legendary islands of Komodo and Rinca.", "zh": "横跨华莱士线的深水海域——连接印度洋与太平洋，拥有世界上最原始的珊瑚礁，以及传奇的科莫多岛和林卡岛。", "id": "Laut dalam yang melintasi Garis Wallacea — menghubungkan Samudra Hindia dengan Pasifik, rumah bagi beberapa terumbu karang paling murni di dunia dan pulau-pulau legendaris Komodo dan Rinca."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "sea", "flores-sea", "wallacea", "coral", "komodo"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/flores-Sea"}, {"id": "flores-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Flores Sea", "zh": "弗洛勒斯海", "id": "Laut Flores"}, "summary": {"en": "A sea in East Nusa Tenggara, known for its clear waters and rich marine life, including komodo dragons on nearby islands.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉的一片海域，以清澈的海水和丰富的海洋生物闻名，邻近岛屿是科莫多巨蜥的家园。", "id": "Laut di Nusa Tenggara Timur, terkenal dengan air jernih dan kehidupan laut yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["sea", "flores-sea", "nusa-tenggara", "komodo", "clear-waters"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/flores-sea"}, {"id": "indian-ocean", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Indian Ocean", "zh": "印度洋", "id": "Samudra Hindia"}, "summary": {"en": "The third-largest ocean, covering 20 of Earth's surface. Mythical domain of the Queen of the Southern Seas.", "zh": "世界第三大洋，覆盖地球20面积。印尼神话中\"南印度洋女王\"的神域，渔民出海前常向海中献祭以求平安。", "id": "Samudra terbesar ketiga di dunia, wilayah mitos Ratu Laut Selatan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["ocean", "indian-ocean", "trade-route", "mythology", "tsunami"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/indian-ocean"}, {"id": "jakarta-bay", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Jakarta Bay", "zh": "雅加达湾", "id": "Teluk Jakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "A large bay on the north coast of West Java, opening into the Java Sea—the maritime front of Indonesia's capital city, a historically significant anchorage for European colonial powers, and today a focal point for environmental challenges and urban development.", "zh": "西爪哇北岸面向爪哇海的一个大海湾——印度尼西亚首都的海上门户，欧洲殖民列强历史上重要的锚地，如今是环境挑战与城市发展的焦点。", "id": "Teluk besar di pantai utara Jawa Barat yang membuka ke Laut Jawa—pintu laut ibu kota Indonesia, pelabuhan penting bagi kekuatan kolonial Eropa secara historis, dan saat ini menjadi titik fokus tantangan lingkungan dan pembangunan perkotaan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "bay", "jakarta", "java", "maritime", "colonial", "urban", "environment"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/jakarta-bay"}, {"id": "java-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Java Sea", "zh": "爪哇海", "id": "Laut Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A shallow sea between Java and Kalimantan, site of the 1942 Battle of the Java Sea.", "zh": "位于爪哇岛与加里曼丹岛之间的浅海。1942年\"爪哇海海战\"在此爆发，是太平洋战争的关键转折点。", "id": "Laut dangkal antara Jawa dan Kalimantan, lokasi Pertempuran Laut Jawa 1942."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["sea", "java-sea", "indonesia", "shipping-route", "battle"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/java-sea"}, {"id": "java-trench", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Java Trench", "zh": "爪哇海沟", "id": "Palung Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The deepest point in the Indian Ocean, reaching over 7,000 meters, and home to mysterious deep-sea creatures.", "zh": "印度洋最深点，深度超过7,000米，是神秘深海生物的家园，也是地质学家和海洋学家关注的焦点。", "id": "Titik terdalam di Samudra Hindia, mencapai lebih dari 7.000 meter, dan rumah bagi makhluk laut dalam yang misterius."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["sea", "java-trench", "deep-sea", "indian-ocean", "mystery"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/java-trench"}, {"id": "makassar-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "sea", "name": {"en": "Makassar Strait", "zh": "望加锡海峡", "id": "Selat Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "The deep-water channel separating Borneo and Sulawesi — the central artery of the spice trade, a key passage through the Indonesian archipelago that has shaped the history of eastern Indonesia for centuries.", "zh": "分隔婆罗洲与苏拉威西的深水通道——香料贸易的中央动脉，几个世纪以来塑造了印尼东部历史的关键通道。", "id": "Saluran air dalam yang memisahkan Kalimantan dan Sulawesi — arteri sentral perdagangan rempah-rempah, jalur penting melalui Nusantara yang telah membentuk sejarah Indonesia timur selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["geography", "sea", "makassar-strait", "sulawesi", "kalimantan", "spice-trade", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/makassar-strait"}, {"id": "malacca-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Malacca Strait", "zh": "马六甲海峡", "id": "Selat Malaka"}, "summary": {"en": "The busiest shipping lane in the world, connecting the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea.", "zh": "世界上最繁忙的航运水道，连接印度洋与南中国海。东西方文明在此交汇了上千年。", "id": "Jalur pelayaran tersibuk di dunia, menghubungkan Samudra Hindia dan Laut Cina Selatan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 36, "tags": ["strait", "malacca", "shipping-route", "singapore", "trade"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/malacca-strait"}, {"id": "molucca-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Molucca Sea", "zh": "摩鹿加海", "id": "Laut Maluku"}, "summary": {"en": "A sea in the Maluku archipelago, historically the heart of the spice trade and home to mysterious underwater volcanoes.", "zh": "马鲁古群岛的一片海域，历史上是香料贸易的心脏地带，也是神秘海底火山的栖息地。", "id": "Laut di Kepulauan Maluku, secara historis jantung perdagangan rempah dan rumah bagi gunung berapi bawah laut."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["sea", "molucca-sea", "maluku", "spice-trade", "underwater-volcano"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/molucca-sea"}, {"id": "omby-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Omby Strait", "zh": "翁拜海峡", "id": "Selat Ombai"}, "summary": {"en": "A strait between Timor and Alor, connecting the Indian Ocean to the Pacific through the Nusa Tenggara archipelago.", "zh": "帝汶岛和阿洛岛之间的海峡，通过努沙登加拉群岛连接印度洋和太平洋，被称为“通往太平洋的神秘之门”。", "id": "Selat antara Timor dan Alor, menghubungkan Samudra Hindia ke Pasifik melalui Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["strait", "omby-strait", "timor", "alor", "pacific"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/omby-strait"}, {"id": "savu-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Savu Sea", "zh": "萨武海", "id": "Laut Savu"}, "summary": {"en": "A sea in East Nusa Tenggara, located between Flores, Sumba, and Timor—a body of water that connects the Indian Ocean to the Flores Sea, known for its deep waters and rich marine biodiversity.", "zh": "东努沙登加拉的一片海域，位于弗洛雷斯、松巴和帝汶之间——一片连接印度洋与弗洛雷斯海的水域，以深水和丰富的海洋生物多样性而闻名。", "id": "Laut di Nusa Tenggara Timur, terletak di antara Flores, Sumba, dan Timor—perairan yang menghubungkan Samudra Hindia dengan Laut Flores, terkenal dengan perairan dalam dan keanekaragaman hayati laut yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "sea", "savu", "nusa-tenggara", "marine", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/savu-sea"}, {"id": "seram sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "sea", "name": {"en": "Seram Sea", "zh": "塞拉姆海", "id": "Laut Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "The deep, turquoise sea that surrounds the Maluku Islands — a maritime crossroads of the spice trade, home to vibrant coral reefs and the deep-water channels that connect the Pacific and Indian Oceans.", "zh": "环绕马鲁古群岛的深蓝色海洋——香料贸易的海上十字路口，充满活力的珊瑚礁之家，也是连接太平洋和印度洋的深水通道。", "id": "Laut biru kehijauan dalam yang mengelilingi Kepulauan Maluku — persimpangan maritim perdagangan rempah-rempah, rumah bagi terumbu karang yang dinamis dan saluran air dalam yang menghubungkan Samudra Pasifik dan Hindia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "sea", "seram-sea", "maluku", "spice-route", "coral-reef", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/seram-sea"}, {"id": "south-china-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "South China Sea", "zh": "南中国海", "id": "Laut Cina Selatan"}, "summary": {"en": "A strategic sea bordering Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, rich in marine resources and geopolitical significance.", "zh": "毗邻印度尼西亚、马来西亚、菲律宾和越南的战略海域，拥有丰富的海洋资源和重要的地缘政治意义。", "id": "Laut strategis yang berbatasan dengan Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, dan Vietnam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["sea", "south-china-sea", "strategic", "shipping-route", "resource-rich"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/south-china-sea"}, {"id": "sulawesi-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sulawesi Sea", "zh": "苏拉威西海", "id": "Laut Sulawesi"}, "summary": {"en": "A deep sea north of Sulawesi, one of the world's premier diving destinations with incredible marine biodiversity.", "zh": "苏拉威西岛北部的一片深海，是世界顶级潜水胜地之一，拥有令人难以置信的海洋生物多样性。", "id": "Laut dalam di utara Sulawesi, salah satu tujuan menyelam terbaik di dunia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["sea", "sulawesi-sea", "sulawesi", "diving", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/sulawesi-sea"}, {"id": "timor-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Timor Sea", "zh": "帝汶海", "id": "Laut Timor"}, "summary": {"en": "A sea between Timor and Australia, known for its oil reserves and the mythical \"Crocodile People\" legends.", "zh": "帝汶岛与澳大利亚之间的一片海域，以石油储量和神秘的“鳄鱼人”传说闻名。", "id": "Laut antara Timor dan Australia, terkenal dengan cadangan minyak dan legenda \"Orang Buaya.\""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["sea", "timor-sea", "timor", "oil-reserves", "legend"], "url": "./library/04_geography/seas/timor-sea"}, {"id": "Ijen Volcano", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Ijen Volcano", "zh": "伊真火山", "id": "Gunung Ijen"}, "summary": {"en": "A majestic volcano in East Java known for its electric-blue flame — a phenomenon that burns through the mountain's sulfuric gases, creating a gateway between the visible world and the hidden realm.", "zh": "东爪哇一座以电光蓝火焰闻名于世的壮丽火山——一种燃烧穿过火山含硫气体的现象，创造了一个介于可见世界与隐藏领域之间的通道。", "id": "Gunung berapi megah di Jawa Timur yang terkenal dengan api biru listriknya — fenomena yang membakar gas belerang gunung, menciptakan gerbang antara dunia yang terlihat dan alam gaib."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "ijen", "java", "east-java", "blue-flame", "sulfur", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/Ijen-Volcano"}, {"id": "Sumatran Volcanic Zone", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano_zone", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Volcanic Zone", "zh": "苏门答腊火山区", "id": "Zona Vulkanik Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The chain of active volcanoes that runs the length of Sumatra's spine — part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a fiery corridor where the earth's crust meets the hidden realm, fueling both destruction and the flow of mana.", "zh": "沿苏门答腊脊梁延伸的活火山链——太平洋火环的一部分，一条地壳与隐藏领域相遇的火热走廊，同时孕育着毁灭与灵力的流动。", "id": "Rantai gunung berapi aktif yang membentang di sepanjang tulang punggung Sumatra — bagian dari Cincin Api Pasifik, koridor berapi di mana kerak bumi bertemu dengan alam gaib, menyulut kehancuran dan aliran mana."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "volcano-zone", "sumatra", "ring-of-fire", "active-volcanoes", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/Sumatran-Volcanic-Zone"}, {"id": "agung", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Agung", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "summary": {"en": "The highest and most sacred volcano in Bali, considered the home of the gods and the sacrificial altar of the 210-day cosmic contract.", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["volcano", "bali"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/agung"}, {"id": "batur", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "batur", "zh": "batur", "id": "batur"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/batur"}, {"id": "bromo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "bromo", "zh": "bromo", "id": "bromo"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/bromo"}, {"id": "ijen-volcano", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Ijen Volcano", "zh": "伊真火山", "id": "Gunung Ijen"}, "summary": {"en": "A spectacular active volcano in East Java, renowned for its mesmerizing blue flames, the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world, and the traditional sulfur mining carried out by local miners—a landscape of otherworldly beauty, environmental extremes, and profound spiritual significance.", "zh": "东爪哇一座壮观的活火山，以其迷人的蓝色火焰、世界上最大的高酸性火山口湖以及当地矿工的传统硫磺开采而闻名——一片超凡脱俗之美、环境极端和深刻灵性意义的土地。", "id": "Gunung berapi aktif yang spektakuler di Jawa Timur, terkenal dengan api birunya yang memukau, danau kawah asam terbesar di dunia, dan penambangan belerang tradisional oleh penambang lokal—lanskap keindahan dunia lain, lingkungan ekstrem, dan makna spiritual yang mendalam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "east-java", "ijen", "blue-fire", "crater-lake", "sulfur-mining", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/ijen-volcano"}, {"id": "ijen", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "ijen", "zh": "ijen", "id": "ijen"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/ijen"}, {"id": "kerinci", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "kerinci", "zh": "kerinci", "id": "kerinci"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/kerinci"}, {"id": "krakatoa", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Krakatoa", "zh": "喀拉喀托火山", "id": "Krakatau"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary volcanic island in the Sunda Strait, famous for its 1883 catastrophic eruption and serving as the pressure valve of the Fourth Realm's seal.", "zh": "巽他海峡中的传奇火山岛，以1883年灾难性大爆发闻名，也是第四界封印的泄压阀。", "id": "Pulau vulkanik legendaris di Selat Sunda, terkenal dengan letusan dahsyat tahun 1883, dan berfungsi sebagai katup tekanan segel Alam Keempat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 21, "tags": ["volcano", "krakatoa", "disaster", "sunda-strait", "pressure-valve", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/krakatoa"}, {"id": "merapi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Merapi", "zh": "默拉皮火山", "id": "Gunung Merapi"}, "summary": {"en": "The most active volcano in Java, serving as a political chronometer for Javanese dynasties and a physical anchor for the 210-day cosmic contract.", "zh": "爪哇最活跃的火山，是爪哇王朝的政治计时器，也是210天宇宙契约的物理锚点之一。", "id": "Gunung berapi paling aktif di Jawa, berfungsi sebagai kronometer politik bagi dinasti-dinasti Jawa dan jangkar fisik untuk kontrak kosmik 210 hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 22, "tags": ["volcano", "java", "calendar", "fiscal-policy", "contract", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/merapi"}, {"id": "mount bromo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Bromo", "zh": "布罗莫火山", "id": "Gunung Bromo"}, "summary": {"en": "An active volcano in East Java — one of the most iconic and sacred mountains in Indonesia, standing within the Tengger caldera, where Hindu pilgrims make offerings to the spirits of the ancestors.", "zh": "东爪哇一座活火山——印度尼西亚最具标志性和神圣性的山峰之一，矗立在腾格尔破火山口内，印度教朝圣者在此向祖先之灵献祭。", "id": "Gunung berapi aktif di Jawa Timur — salah satu gunung paling ikonik dan sakral di Indonesia, berdiri di dalam kaldera Tengger, tempat para peziarah Hindu mempersembahkan sesajen kepada roh leluhur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "bromo", "java", "east-java", "tengger", "pilgrimage", "hindu"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-bromo"}, {"id": "mount lawu", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Lawu", "zh": "拉武火山", "id": "Gunung Lawu"}, "summary": {"en": "A dormant stratovolcano on the border of Central and East Java — a sacred mountain of Javanese pilgrimage, associated with the origins of the Majapahit Kingdom and the hermitage of the legendary figure Ajisaka.", "zh": "中爪哇与东爪哇交界处的一座休眠层状火山——爪哇朝圣的神圣之山，与满者伯夷王国的起源和传奇人物阿吉萨卡的隐修地相关联。", "id": "Stratovolcano tidak aktif di perbatasan Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur — gunung suci ziarah Jawa, terkait dengan asal-usul Kerajaan Majapahit dan pertapaan tokoh legendaris Ajisaka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "central-java", "east-java", "sacred", "pilgrimage"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-lawu"}, {"id": "mount merbabu", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Merbabu", "zh": "默巴布火山", "id": "Gunung Merbabu"}, "summary": {"en": "A dormant stratovolcano in Central Java — the guardian of the Yogyakarta-Surakarta plain, standing in the shadow of its more famous neighbor, Mount Merapi, and a sacred site of Javanese pilgrimage.", "zh": "中爪哇的一座休眠层状火山——日惹-梭罗平原的守护者，矗立于其更为著名的邻居默拉皮火山之旁，是爪哇朝圣的神圣之地。", "id": "Stratovolcano tidak aktif di Jawa Tengah — penjaga dataran Yogyakarta-Surakarta, berdiri di bayang-bayang Gunung Merapi yang lebih terkenal, dan situs suci ziarah Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "central-java", "sacred", "pilgrimage"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-merbabu"}, {"id": "mount rinjani", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Rinjani", "zh": "林贾尼火山", "id": "Gunung Rinjani"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-highest volcano in Indonesia — a 3,726-meter active stratovolcano on Lombok, with a stunning crater lake called Segara Anak, sacred to Hindus and Muslims alike.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二高的火山——龙目岛上3,726米的活层状火山，拥有壮观的火山口湖“阿纳克海”，为印度教徒和穆斯林共同尊崇。", "id": "Gunung berapi tertinggi kedua di Indonesia — stratovolcano aktif setinggi 3.726 meter di Lombok, dengan danau kawah menakjubkan bernama Segara Anak, yang dihormati oleh umat Hindu dan Muslim."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "lombok", "highest-peak", "lake", "sacred"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-rinjani"}, {"id": "mount semeru", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Semeru", "zh": "塞梅鲁火山", "id": "Gunung Semeru"}, "summary": {"en": "The highest volcano in Java — an active stratovolcano that has been erupting continuously since 1967, a sacred mountain known as Mahameru in Javanese tradition, linking the earthly realm to the realm of the gods.", "zh": "爪哇最高的活火山——自1967年以来持续喷发的层状火山，在爪哇传统中被称为“大须弥山”，连接凡间与神界。", "id": "Gunung berapi tertinggi di Jawa — stratovolcano aktif yang telah meletus terus menerus sejak 1967, gunung suci yang dikenal sebagai Mahameru dalam tradisi Jawa, menghubungkan alam duniawi dengan alam para dewa."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "highest-peak", "active", "sacred"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-semeru"}, {"id": "mount tambora", "module": "04_geography", "type": "volcano", "name": {"en": "Mount Tambora", "zh": "坦博拉火山", "id": "Gunung Tambora"}, "summary": {"en": "The site of the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history (1815) — a 4,300-meter stratovolcano that exploded with such force that it changed the global climate, a reminder of the power of the hidden realm beneath the earth.", "zh": "有史以来最大规模火山喷发的遗址（1815年）——一座4,300米的层状火山，其喷发之猛烈改变了全球气候，提醒着人们隐藏在大地之下的领域的力量。", "id": "Lokasi letusan gunung berapi terbesar dalam sejarah tercatat (1815) — stratovolcano setinggi 4.300 meter yang meledak dengan kekuatan yang mengubah iklim global, pengingat akan kekuatan alam gaib di bawah bumi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "tambora", "eruption", "climate-change", "history"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-tambora"}, {"id": "mount-bromo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Bromo", "zh": "布罗莫火山", "id": "Gunung Bromo"}, "summary": {"en": "An active volcano in the Tengger Caldera of East Java—a sacred mountain of the Tenggerese people, where the boundary between the human world and the spirit realm is said to be thin, and where the annual Yadnya Kasada ceremony offers living sacrifices to the gods who dwell in the crater's smoke.", "zh": "东爪哇腾格尔火山口中的一座活火山——腾格尔人的圣山，据说人类世界与灵性领域之间的边界在此薄弱，一年一度的卡萨达祭典将活祭献给居住在火山口烟雾中的众神。", "id": "Gunung berapi aktif di Kaldera Tengger, Jawa Timur—gunung suci masyarakat Tengger, di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan alam roh dikatakan tipis, dan di mana upacara Yadnya Kasada tahunan mempersembahkan kurban hidup kepada para dewa yang bersemayam dalam asap kawah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "east-java", "tengger", "sacred", "kasada", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-bromo"}, {"id": "mount-gamalama", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Gamalama", "zh": "加马拉马火山", "id": "Gunung Gamalama"}, "summary": {"en": "An active stratovolcano that forms the entire island of Ternate in Maluku—one of the most iconic volcanoes in eastern Indonesia, historically significant as the center of the Ternate Sultanate and the spice trade.", "zh": "一座活成层火山，构成了马鲁古特尔纳特岛的整个岛屿——印尼东部最具标志性的火山之一，作为特尔纳特苏丹国和香料贸易的中心具有历史意义。", "id": "Gunung berapi strato aktif yang membentuk seluruh pulau Ternate di Maluku—salah satu gunung berapi paling ikonik di Indonesia timur, signifikan secara historis sebagai pusat Kesultanan Ternate dan perdagangan rempah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "maluku", "ternate", "island-volcano", "active", "spice-trade", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-gamalama"}, {"id": "mount-leuser", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Leuser", "zh": "勒塞尔火山", "id": "Gunung Leuser"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred peak in the northern Barisan Mountains of Sumatra—a mountain that is not only the source of rivers and the habitat of orangutans but also the spiritual anchor of the Gayo and Acehnese peoples, a place where the boundary between the human world and the spirit world is guarded by ancient agreements.", "zh": "苏门答腊北部巴里桑山脉的一座圣峰——这座山不仅是河流的源头和猩猩的栖息地，也是加约人和亚齐人的灵性锚点，一个人类世界与灵性世界之间的边界由古老协议守护的地方。", "id": "Puncak sakral di Pegunungan Barisan utara Sumatra—gunung yang bukan hanya sumber sungai dan habitat orangutan tetapi juga jangkar spiritual masyarakat Gayo dan Aceh, tempat di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan dunia roh dijaga oleh perjanjian kuno."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "mountain", "sumatra", "leuser", "barisan-mountains", "sacred", "orangutan", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-leuser"}, {"id": "mount-lokon", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Lokon", "zh": "洛孔火山", "id": "Gunung Lokon"}, "summary": {"en": "An active stratovolcano in North Sulawesi, near Manado—one of the most active volcanoes in the region, with a history of eruptions dating back to the 19th century, and a sacred site for the Minahasa people.", "zh": "北苏拉威西的一座活成层火山，靠近美娜多——该地区最活跃的火山之一，喷发历史可追溯至19世纪，是米纳哈萨人的圣地。", "id": "Gunung berapi strato aktif di Sulawesi Utara, dekat Manado—salah satu gunung berapi paling aktif di daerah ini, dengan sejarah letusan sejak abad ke-19, dan situs suci bagi masyarakat Minahasa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "sulawesi", "north-sulawesi", "manado", "active", "minahasa", "sacred"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-lokon"}, {"id": "mount-merapi", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Merapi", "zh": "默拉皮火山", "id": "Gunung Merapi"}, "summary": {"en": "The most active volcano in Indonesia, located in Central Java near Yogyakarta—a stratovolcano whose periodic eruptions have shaped Javanese civilization for centuries, and a spiritual axis point where offerings are made to appease the spirits of the mountain and maintain cosmic balance between the realms.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最活跃的火山，位于中爪哇日惹附近——一座成层火山，其周期性喷发几个世纪以来塑造了爪哇文明，也是一个灵性轴心点，人们在此献祭以安抚山灵并维持诸界之间的宇宙平衡。", "id": "Gunung berapi paling aktif di Indonesia, terletak di Jawa Tengah dekat Yogyakarta—gunung berapi strato yang erupsi periodiknya telah membentuk peradaban Jawa selama berabad-abad, dan titik sumbu spiritual di mana sesajen dibuat untuk menenangkan roh gunung dan menjaga keseimbangan kosmik antara alam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "merapi", "active-volcano", "spiritual", "offerings", "cosmological-axis"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-merapi"}, {"id": "mount-raung", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Raung", "zh": "拉翁火山", "id": "Gunung Raung"}, "summary": {"en": "An active stratovolcano in East Java, located in the Ijen highlands near Banyuwangi—one of the most active volcanoes on Java, known for its frequent eruptions and its role as a spiritual site for local communities.", "zh": "东爪哇的一座活成层火山，位于外南梦附近的伊真高地——爪哇最活跃的火山之一，以频繁喷发和作为当地社区灵性场所而闻名。", "id": "Gunung berapi strato aktif di Jawa Timur, terletak di dataran tinggi Ijen dekat Banyuwangi—salah satu gunung berapi paling aktif di Jawa, terkenal dengan letusan yang sering dan perannya sebagai situs spiritual bagi masyarakat setempat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "east-java", "ijen", "active", "stratovolcano", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-raung"}, {"id": "mount-semeru", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Semeru", "zh": "塞梅鲁火山", "id": "Gunung Semeru"}, "summary": {"en": "The highest mountain in Java, known in Javanese tradition as Mahameru—the cosmic axis of the universe, a sacred peak where the three realms converge, and a place where pilgrims have sought spiritual power and purification for centuries.", "zh": "爪哇最高的山峰，在爪哇传统中被称为马哈梅鲁——宇宙的轴心，三界交汇的圣峰，几个世纪以来朝圣者在此寻求灵性力量与净化之地。", "id": "Gunung tertinggi di Jawa, dikenal dalam tradisi Jawa sebagai Mahameru—poros kosmik alam semesta, puncak sakral tempat tiga alam bertemu, dan tempat di mana para peziarah telah mencari kekuatan spiritual dan pemurnian selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "east-java", "semeru", "highest-peak", "mahameru", "sacred"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-semeru"}, {"id": "mount-slamet", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mount Slamet", "zh": "斯拉梅特火山", "id": "Gunung Slamet"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-highest volcano in Java and the highest peak in Central Java, located near the city of Purwokerto—an active stratovolcano that is culturally significant to local communities and part of the archipelago's volcanic spine.", "zh": "爪哇第二高火山，中爪哇最高峰，位于普禾加多市附近——一座对当地社区具有文化意义的活成层火山，是群岛火山脊梁的一部分。", "id": "Gunung berapi tertinggi kedua di Jawa dan puncak tertinggi di Jawa Tengah, terletak dekat kota Purwokerto—gunung berapi strato aktif yang signifikan secara budaya bagi masyarakat setempat dan bagian dari tulang punggung vulkanik Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "volcano", "java", "central-java", "stratovolcano", "active"], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/mount-slamet"}, {"id": "rinjani", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "rinjani", "zh": "rinjani", "id": "rinjani"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/rinjani"}, {"id": "semeru", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "semeru", "zh": "semeru", "id": "semeru"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/semeru"}, {"id": "tambora", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "tambora", "zh": "tambora", "id": "tambora"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": [], "url": "./library/04_geography/volcanoes/tambora"}, {"id": "Malacca Strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Strait of Malacca", "zh": "马六甲海峡", "id": "Selat Malaka"}, "summary": {"en": "A narrow, 900-kilometer strait between the Malay Peninsula and the island of Sumatra — one of the world's most important shipping lanes, through which a third of global maritime trade passes, and the historical gateway through which Indian, Arab, Chinese, and European traders entered the Malay Archipelago, shaping the region's trade, culture, and colonial history.", "zh": "马来半岛和苏门答腊岛之间一条900公里长的狭窄海峡——世界上最重要的航道之一，全球三分之一的海上贸易通过这里，也是印度、阿拉伯、中国和欧洲商人进入马来群岛的历史门户，塑造了该地区的贸易、文化和殖民历史。", "id": "Sebuah selat sempit sepanjang 900 kilometer antara Semenanjung Malaya dan pulau Sumatra — salah satu jalur pelayaran terpenting di dunia, yang dilalui sepertiga perdagangan maritim global, dan gerbang bersejarah melalui mana pedagang India, Arab, Cina, dan Eropa masuk ke Nusantara, membentuk perdagangan, budaya, dan sejarah kolonial wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["geography", "strait", "trade", "malacca", "maritime", "shipping", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/Malacca-Strait"}, {"id": "barito-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Barito River", "zh": "巴里托河", "id": "Sungai Barito"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest and most important river in Kalimantan, flowing over 1,000 kilometers through South Kalimantan to the Java Sea—the lifeblood of the Banjar civilization, a vital trade route connecting the Dayak highlands to the coast, and the watery highway that shaped the history, culture, and spiritual geography of the Barito Basin.", "zh": "加里曼丹最长、最重要的河流，流经南加里曼丹超过1,000公里至爪哇海——班贾尔文明的生命线，连接达雅克高地与海岸的重要贸易路线，以及塑造巴里托盆地历史、文化和精神地理的河道高速公路。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang dan terpenting di Kalimantan, mengalir lebih dari 1.000 kilometer melalui Kalimantan Selatan ke Laut Jawa—darah kehidupan peradaban Banjar, jalur perdagangan vital yang menghubungkan dataran tinggi Dayak ke pantai, dan jalan raya berair yang membentuk sejarah, budaya, dan geografi spiritual Cekungan Barito."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "river", "kalimantan", "barito", "banjar", "dayak", "waterway", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/barito-river"}, {"id": "batanghari-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Batanghari River", "zh": "巴唐哈里河", "id": "Sungai Batanghari"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river in Sumatra, flowing 1,200 kilometers from the Barisan Mountains to the Strait of Malacca—a vital waterway that has served as the lifeline of Jambi's civilization for centuries, connecting the highlands of the Minangkabau to the maritime trade networks of the Malay world.", "zh": "苏门答腊最长的河流，从巴里桑山脉流经1,200公里至马六甲海峡——一条重要的水道，几个世纪以来一直是占碑文明的生命线，将米南加保的高地与马来世界的海上贸易网络连接起来。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di Sumatra, mengalir 1.200 kilometer dari Pegunungan Barisan ke Selat Malaka—sebuah jalur air vital yang telah menjadi urat nadi peradaban Jambi selama berabad-abad, menghubungkan dataran tinggi Minangkabau dengan jaringan perdagangan maritim dunia Melayu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["geography", "river", "sumatra", "jambi", "waterway", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/batanghari-river"}, {"id": "bengawan-solo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Bengawan Solo River", "zh": "梭罗河", "id": "Sungai Bengawan Solo"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river on the island of Java, flowing from the southern mountains of Central Java to the northern coast near Surabaya—a river that has shaped Javanese civilization for centuries, providing water, trade routes, and spiritual significance.", "zh": "爪哇岛上最长的河流，从中爪哇南部山脉流向泗水附近的北海岸——一条几个世纪以来塑造了爪哇文明的河流，提供水源、贸易路线和灵性意义。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di pulau Jawa, mengalir dari pegunungan selatan Jawa Tengah ke pantai utara dekat Surabaya—sungai yang telah membentuk peradaban Jawa selama berabad-abad, menyediakan air, jalur perdagangan, dan signifikansi spiritual."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "river", "java", "solo", "waterway", "civilization", "trade"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/bengawan-solo"}, {"id": "brantas river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "river", "name": {"en": "Brantas River", "zh": "布兰塔斯河", "id": "Sungai Brantas"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-longest river in Java — a 320-kilometer waterway flowing from Mount Semeru to the Madura Strait, the historical heart of the Majapahit Kingdom and the lifeblood of East Java.", "zh": "爪哇第二长河——一条320公里的水道，从塞梅鲁火山流向马都拉海峡，是满者伯夷王国的历史心脏和东爪哇的生命线。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang kedua di Jawa — saluran air sepanjang 320 kilometer yang mengalir dari Gunung Semeru ke Selat Madura, jantung sejarah Kerajaan Majapahit dan sumber kehidupan Jawa Timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "river", "java", "east-java", "brantas", "irrigation"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/brantas-river"}, {"id": "brantas-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Brantas River", "zh": "布兰塔斯河", "id": "Sungai Brantas"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river in East Java, flowing from the slopes of Mount Semeru to the Java Sea near Surabaya—a river that has shaped the history, agriculture, and spirituality of the region, serving as the cradle of the Kediri, Singhasari, and Majapahit kingdoms.", "zh": "东爪哇最长的河流，从塞梅鲁火山山坡流向泗水附近的爪哇海——一条塑造了该地区历史、农业和灵性的河流，成为谏义里、新柯沙里和满者伯夷王国的摇篮。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di Jawa Timur, mengalir dari lereng Gunung Semeru ke Laut Jawa dekat Surabaya—sungai yang telah membentuk sejarah, pertanian, dan spiritualitas wilayah tersebut, menjadi buaian kerajaan Kediri, Singhasari, dan Majapahit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "river", "east-java", "brantas", "waterway", "civilization", "irrigation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/brantas-river"}, {"id": "kapuas-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Kapuas River", "zh": "卡普阿斯河", "id": "Sungai Kapuas"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river in Indonesia, located in West Kalimantan, flowing over 1,140 kilometers from the mountains of the interior to the South China Sea—a vital waterway for the Dayak communities and the region's biodiversity.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最长的河流，位于西加里曼丹，从内陆山脉流向南海，全长超过1,140公里——达雅克社区和该地区生物多样性的重要水道。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di Indonesia, terletak di Kalimantan Barat, mengalir lebih dari 1.140 kilometer dari pegunungan pedalaman ke Laut Cina Selatan—jalur air vital bagi komunitas Dayak dan keanekaragaman hayati daerah ini."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["geography", "river", "kalimantan", "kapuas", "dayak", "waterway", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/kapuas-river"}, {"id": "karimata-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Karimata Strait", "zh": "卡里马塔海峡", "id": "Selat Karimata"}, "summary": {"en": "A narrow strait between the islands of Belitung and Borneo, connecting the Java Sea to the South China Sea — a vital maritime passage that has been used for centuries by traders, sailors, and explorers, and a key waterway in the maritime trade routes of Southeast Asia.", "zh": "勿里洞岛与婆罗洲之间的狭窄海峡，连接爪哇海与南海——一条重要的海上通道，几个世纪以来一直被商人、水手和探险家使用，是东南亚海上贸易路线的关键水道。", "id": "Sebuah selat sempit antara pulau Belitung dan Kalimantan, menghubungkan Laut Jawa dengan Laut Cina Selatan — sebuah jalur maritim vital yang telah digunakan selama berabad-abad oleh pedagang, pelaut, dan penjelajah, dan jalur air kunci dalam jalur perdagangan maritim Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "strait", "maritime", "trade", "shipping", "kalimantan", "belitung", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/karimata-strait"}, {"id": "lombok-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lombok Strait", "zh": "龙目海峡", "id": "Selat Lombok"}, "summary": {"en": "A strait between the Indonesian islands of Bali and Lombok, marking the boundary of the Wallace Line—a deep-water passage that separates the Asian and Australian continental shelves and serves as a major shipping route for large vessels.", "zh": "印度尼西亚巴厘岛与龙目岛之间的海峡，标志着华莱士线的边界——一条将亚洲与澳洲大陆架分开的深水通道，也是大型船只的主要航运路线。", "id": "Selat antara pulau Bali dan Lombok di Indonesia, menandai batas Garis Wallace—jalur perairan dalam yang memisahkan paparan benua Asia dan Australia dan berfungsi sebagai jalur pelayaran utama untuk kapal-kapal besar."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["geography", "strait", "waterway", "lombok", "bali", "wallace-line", "shipping", "deep-water"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/lombok-strait"}, {"id": "mahakam river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "river", "name": {"en": "Mahakam River", "zh": "马哈坎河", "id": "Sungai Mahakam"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river in East Kalimantan — a winding artery that carves through the heart of Borneo's rainforest, sustaining the Dayak people, their ancestral spirits, and the hidden memory of the island's oldest kingdoms.", "zh": "东加里曼丹最长的河流——一条蜿蜒的动脉，切穿婆罗洲雨林的心脏，滋养着达雅克人、他们的祖先之灵，以及岛上最古老王国的隐藏记忆。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di Kalimantan Timur — arteri berliku yang mengalir melalui jantung hutan hujan Kalimantan, menopang masyarakat Dayak, roh leluhur mereka, dan ingatan tersembunyi kerajaan tertua di pulau itu."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "river", "mahakam", "kalimantan", "dayak", "borneo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/mahakam-river"}, {"id": "mahakam-lakes", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mahakam Lakes", "zh": "马哈坎湖群", "id": "Danau-Danau Mahakam"}, "summary": {"en": "A complex floodplain lake system in East Kalimantan—Semayang and Melintang—that expands dramatically during the rainy season, creating a labyrinthine freshwater wetland of international importance, home to the endangered Irrawaddy dolphin and the cultural heartland of the Dayak people.", "zh": "东加里曼丹的复杂洪泛平原湖泊系统——塞马扬湖和梅林唐湖——在雨季急剧扩张，形成迷宫般的国际重要淡水湿地，是濒危伊洛瓦底江豚的家园和达雅克人的文化腹地。", "id": "Sistem danau dataran banjir yang kompleks di Kalimantan Timur—Semayang dan Melintang—yang meluas secara dramatis selama musim hujan, menciptakan lahan basah air tawar yang labirin dengan kepentingan internasional, rumah bagi lumba-lumba Mahakam yang terancam punah dan jantung budaya masyarakat Dayak."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "lake", "kalimantan", "mahakam", "wetland", "biodiversity", "dayak", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/mahakam-lakes"}, {"id": "mahakam-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mahakam River", "zh": "马哈坎河", "id": "Sungai Mahakam"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-longest river in Indonesia, flowing through East Kalimantan for approximately 920 kilometers from the Muller Mountains to the Makassar Strait—the soul of Borneo's Dayak civilization, the cradle of the Kutai Kingdom, and a critical artery where ancient animist beliefs, Indianized kingdoms, and modern resource extraction collide.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二长河，从穆勒山脉流向望加锡海峡，全长约920公里，流经东加里曼丹——婆罗洲达雅克文明的灵魂、库泰王国的摇篮，也是古老万物有灵信仰、印度化王国与现代资源开采的碰撞之地。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang kedua di Indonesia, mengalir sepanjang sekitar 920 kilometer dari Pegunungan Muller ke Selat Makassar melintasi Kalimantan Timur—jiwa peradaban Dayak di Borneo, buaian Kerajaan Kutai, dan arteri kritis di mana kepercayaan animisme kuno, kerajaan terpengaruh India, dan ekstraksi sumber daya modern bertabrakan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["geography", "river", "kalimantan", "mahakam", "dayak", "kutai", "waterway", "biodiversity"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/mahakam-river"}, {"id": "mamberamo river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "river", "name": {"en": "Mamberamo River", "zh": "马贝拉莫河", "id": "Sungai Mamberamo"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest river in Papua — a 1,100-kilometer waterway that cuts through the island's remote interior, a lifeline for indigenous communities and a corridor of unparalleled biodiversity.", "zh": "巴布亚最大的河流——一条1,100公里的水道，切穿岛屿偏远的腹地，是原住民社区的生命线和无与伦比的生物多样性走廊。", "id": "Sungai terbesar di Papua — saluran air sepanjang 1.100 kilometer yang memotong pedalaman terpencil pulau, jalur kehidupan bagi komunitas adat dan koridor keanekaragaman hayati yang tak tertandingi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "river", "papua", "mamberamo", "biodiversity", "indigenous"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/mamberamo-river"}, {"id": "mamberamo-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Mamberamo River", "zh": "曼贝拉莫河", "id": "Sungai Mamberamo"}, "summary": {"en": "The longest river in Papua, flowing over 1,000 kilometers from the central highlands to the northern coast—a vast and remote waterway that cuts through pristine rainforest, connecting the highland tribes to the lowland villages, and a vital artery of the island's extraordinary biodiversity and cultural diversity.", "zh": "巴布亚最长的河流，从中央高地流经1,000多公里至北海岸——一条广阔而偏远的河道，穿越原始雨林，连接高地部落与低地村庄，是该岛非凡生物多样性和文化多样性的重要动脉。", "id": "Sungai terpanjang di Papua, mengalir lebih dari 1.000 kilometer dari dataran tinggi tengah ke pantai utara—sebuah jalur air yang luas dan terpencil yang melintasi hutan hujan perawan, menghubungkan suku-suku dataran tinggi ke desa-desa dataran rendah, dan arteri vital dari keanekaragaman hayati dan budaya pulau ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "river", "papua", "rainforest", "biodiversity", "indigenous", "waterway", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/mamberamo-river"}, {"id": "musi-river", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Musi River", "zh": "穆西河", "id": "Sungai Musi"}, "summary": {"en": "A major river in South Sumatra, flowing through the city of Palembang and into the Bangka Strait—historically the heart of the Srivijaya maritime empire and a vital artery for the region's trade and culture.", "zh": "南苏门答腊的一条主要河流，流经巨港市，注入邦加海峡——历史上是三佛齐海洋帝国的核心，也是该地区贸易与文化的重要动脉。", "id": "Sungai besar di Sumatra Selatan, mengalir melalui kota Palembang dan masuk ke Selat Bangka—secara historis jantung kerajaan maritim Sriwijaya dan jalur vital bagi perdagangan dan budaya daerah ini."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["geography", "river", "sumatra", "palembang", "srivijaya", "trade", "waterway"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/musi-river"}, {"id": "pacific-ocean", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Pacific Ocean", "zh": "太平洋", "id": "Samudra Pasifik"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest and deepest ocean on Earth, covering more than 165 million square kilometers—a vast body of water that borders the eastern shores of the Indonesian archipelago, connecting the islands of Papua, Maluku, and Sulawesi to the wider Pacific world, and shaping the climate, culture, and history of the region.", "zh": "地球上最大、最深的海洋，覆盖超过1.65亿平方公里——一片浩瀚的水域，与印度尼西亚群岛的东部海岸接壤，将巴布亚、马鲁古和苏拉威西诸岛与更广阔的太平洋世界连接起来，并塑造了该地区的气候、文化和历史。", "id": "Samudra terbesar dan terdalam di Bumi, mencakup lebih dari 165 juta kilometer persegi—sebuah perairan luas yang berbatasan dengan pesisir timur Nusantara, menghubungkan pulau-pulau Papua, Maluku, dan Sulawesi dengan dunia Pasifik yang lebih luas, dan membentuk iklim, budaya, dan sejarah wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["geography", "ocean", "pacific", "maritime", "climate", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/pacific-ocean"}, {"id": "rivers-of-indonesia", "module": "04_geography", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Rivers of Indonesia", "zh": "印尼河流总览", "id": "Sungai Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The rivers of the Nusantara archipelago — the lifelines of the land, the arteries of the cosmos, and the pathways of spiritual energy, connecting the mountains to the sea and the human world to the realm of spirits.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的河流——土地的命脉、宇宙的动脉、灵性能量的通道，连接山脉与海洋，连接人类世界与精灵的领域。", "id": "Sungai-sungai Nusantara — urat nadi tanah, arteri kosmos, dan jalur energi spiritual, menghubungkan pegunungan ke laut dan dunia manusia ke alam roh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "rivers", "water", "kapuas", "musri", "brantas", "ciliwung", "mahakam"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/rivers-of-indonesia"}, {"id": "seram-sea", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Seram Sea", "zh": "塞兰海", "id": "Laut Seram"}, "summary": {"en": "A marginal sea in eastern Indonesia, bounded by the island of Seram to the south and the Maluku Islands to the north—a vital maritime route that connects the Pacific Ocean to the Maluku archipelago, rich in marine biodiversity, and historically significant as a passage for the spice trade and colonial navigation.", "zh": "印度尼西亚东部的一个边缘海，南临塞兰岛，北临马鲁古群岛——一条连接太平洋与马鲁古群岛的重要海上通道，海洋生物多样性丰富，在历史上作为香料贸易和殖民航行的通道具有重要意义。", "id": "Sebuah laut marginal di Indonesia timur, dibatasi oleh pulau Seram di selatan dan Kepulauan Maluku di utara—sebuah jalur maritim vital yang menghubungkan Samudra Pasifik dengan kepulauan Maluku, kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati laut, dan secara historis penting sebagai jalur perdagangan rempah dan navigasi kolonial."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "sea", "seram", "maluku", "maritime", "spice-trade", "biodiversity", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/seram-sea"}, {"id": "sunda-strait", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sunda Strait", "zh": "巽他海峡", "id": "Selat Sunda"}, "summary": {"en": "The narrow strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra, connecting the Java Sea to the Indian Ocean—a historically vital shipping lane, home to the infamous Krakatoa volcano, and a place where the boundaries between the visible and invisible worlds are said to be thin.", "zh": "位于印度尼西亚爪哇岛与苏门答腊岛之间的狭窄海峡，连接爪哇海与印度洋——一条历史上至关重要的航道，臭名昭著的喀拉喀托火山所在地，以及据说可见与不可见世界之间的边界薄弱之处。", "id": "Selat sempit antara pulau Jawa dan Sumatra di Indonesia, menghubungkan Laut Jawa dengan Samudra Hindia—jalur pelayaran yang sangat penting secara historis, rumah bagi gunung berapi Krakatau yang terkenal, dan tempat di mana batas antara dunia terlihat dan tak terlihat dikatakan tipis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["geography", "strait", "java", "sumatra", "volcanic", "maritime", "krakatoa", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/sunda-strait"}, {"id": "telaga warna", "module": "04_geography", "type": "lake", "name": {"en": "Telaga Warna", "zh": "彩虹湖（迪昂高原）", "id": "Telaga Warna"}, "summary": {"en": "A stunning volcanic crater lake in the Dieng Plateau, Central Java — a lake of changing colors due to minerals and sunlight, considered a sacred site in Javanese mythology.", "zh": "中爪哇迪昂高原上一个壮观的火山口湖——因矿物质和阳光而呈现出变幻色彩的湖泊，在爪哇神话中被视为圣地。", "id": "Danau kawah vulkanik yang menakjubkan di Dataran Tinggi Dieng, Jawa Tengah — danau yang berubah warna karena mineral dan sinar matahari, dianggap sebagai situs suci dalam mitologi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "lake", "dieng", "central-java", "sacred", "volcanic"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/telaga-warna"}, {"id": "telaga-warna", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Telaga Warna", "zh": "彩色湖", "id": "Telaga Warna"}, "summary": {"en": "A stunning volcanic crater lake in West Java, known for its ever-changing colors that shift from turquoise to green, blue, and even purple—a place of extraordinary natural beauty and deep mythological significance, where the Sundanese legend of a cursed princess is said to explain the lake's magical hues.", "zh": "西爪哇一座令人惊叹的火山口湖，以其不断变化的色彩而闻名，从碧绿到翠绿、蓝色甚至紫色——一个拥有非凡自然之美和深厚神话意义的地方，据说巽他传说中一位被诅咒的公主解释了湖泊神奇的色彩。", "id": "Sebuah danau kawah vulkanik yang menakjubkan di Jawa Barat, dikenal dengan warnanya yang selalu berubah dari biru kehijauan menjadi hijau, biru, dan bahkan ungu—sebuah tempat dengan keindahan alam yang luar biasa dan makna mitologis yang mendalam, di mana legenda Sunda tentang seorang putri yang dikutuk dikatakan menjelaskan nuansa magis danau ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "lake", "crater-lake", "west-java", "myth", "volcano", "sundanese", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/telaga-warna"}, {"id": "toba lake", "module": "04_geography", "type": "lake", "name": {"en": "Lake Toba", "zh": "多巴湖", "id": "Danau Toba"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest volcanic lake in the world — the caldera of a supervolcano that erupted 75,000 years ago, a place of immense spiritual power where the Batak people believe the earth and the hidden realm meet.", "zh": "全球最大的火山湖——一座超级火山的破火山口，在75,000年前喷发，一个拥有巨大灵性力量的地方，巴塔克人相信此地是地球与隐藏领域的交汇点。", "id": "Danau vulkanik terbesar di dunia — kaldera gunung berapi super yang meletus 75.000 tahun lalu, tempat kekuatan spiritual besar di mana masyarakat Batak percaya bumi dan alam gaib bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["geography", "lake", "toba", "sumatra", "batak", "volcanic", "caldera", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/toba-lake"}, {"id": "toba-lake", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Lake Toba", "zh": "多巴湖", "id": "Danau Toba"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest volcanic lake in the world, located in North Sumatra—a vast caldera lake formed by a super-eruption 74,000 years ago, one of the most significant volcanic events in Earth's history, and a place of breathtaking natural beauty, rich Batak culture, and deep spiritual significance for the Toba Batak people, who believe the lake is the birthplace of their ancestors.", "zh": "世界上最大的火山湖，位于北苏门答腊——一个由74,000年前超级喷发形成的巨大火山口湖，地球历史上最显著的火山事件之一，拥有令人叹为观止的自然美景、丰富的巴塔克文化，并对多巴巴塔克人具有深远的精神意义，他们相信该湖是其祖先的诞生地。", "id": "Danau vulkanik terbesar di dunia, terletak di Sumatra Utara—sebuah danau kaldera luas yang terbentuk oleh letusan super 74.000 tahun yang lalu, salah satu peristiwa vulkanik paling signifikan dalam sejarah Bumi, dan tempat dengan keindahan alam yang menakjubkan, budaya Batak yang kaya, dan makna spiritual yang mendalam bagi masyarakat Toba Batak, yang percaya danau ini adalah tempat kelahiran leluhur mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["geography", "lake", "volcano", "toba", "sumatra", "batak", "caldera", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/waterways/toba-lake"}, {"id": "indonesian-wildlife", "module": "04_geography", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Wildlife", "zh": "印尼野生动物总览", "id": "Satwa Liar Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The extraordinary wildlife of the Nusantara archipelago — from the orangutans of Sumatra and Borneo to the Komodo dragons of the Lesser Sundas and the birds of paradise of Papua — each a manifestation of the islands' ancient spiritual energy and a guardian of the boundary between the human and natural worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛非凡的野生动物——从苏门答腊和婆罗洲的红毛猩猩到小巽他的科莫多龙和巴布亚的天堂鸟——每一种都是岛屿古老灵性能量的显现，也是人类与自然世界边界的守护者。", "id": "Satwa liar luar biasa Nusantara — dari orangutan Sumatra dan Kalimantan hingga komodo Nusa Tenggara dan cendrawasih Papua — masing-masing manifestasi energi spiritual kuno pulau-pulau dan penjaga batas antara dunia manusia dan alam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["geography", "wildlife", "biodiversity", "orangutan", "komodo", "bird-of-paradise", "sumatran-tiger", "javan-rhino"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/indonesian-wildlife"}, {"id": "komodo dragon", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Komodo Dragon", "zh": "科莫多巨蜥", "id": "Komodo"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's largest living lizard — a prehistoric predator that can grow up to 3 meters, with a venomous bite and a taste for deer, wild boar, and even humans — the undisputed ruler of its island kingdom.", "zh": "世界上现存最大的蜥蜴——一种史前捕食者，可长达3米，拥有毒液咬伤，嗜食鹿、野猪甚至人类——是其岛屿王国无可争议的统治者。", "id": "Kadal hidup terbesar di dunia — predator prasejarah yang dapat tumbuh hingga 3 meter, dengan gigitan berbisa dan selera terhadap rusa, babi hutan, dan bahkan manusia — penguasa mutlak kerajaan pulaunya."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wildlife", "komodo", "lizard", "predator", "prehistoric", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/komodo-dragon"}, {"id": "komodo-dragon", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Komodo Dragon", "zh": "科莫多龙", "id": "Komodo"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's largest living lizard—a 10-foot relic of a time when giant reptiles ruled the earth, surviving on a handful of islands in eastern Indonesia, where it is revered not as a monster but as an elder brother, a guardian, and a living memory of the ancient world.", "zh": "世界上最大的活蜥蜴——一只10英尺长的活化石，来自巨蜥统治地球的时代，幸存于印度尼西亚东部的少数岛屿上，在那里它不被视为怪物，而被尊为兄长、守护者和远古世界的活记忆。", "id": "Kadal hidup terbesar di dunia—reliq sepanjang 10 kaki dari masa ketika reptil raksasa menguasai bumi, bertahan di segelintir pulau di Indonesia timur, di mana ia dihormati bukan sebagai monster tetapi sebagai kakak, penjaga, dan ingatan hidup dari dunia kuno."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["wildlife", "reptile", "lizard", "komodo", "endemic", "endangered", "predator", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/komodo-dragon"}, {"id": "maleo", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Maleo", "zh": "马利奥鸟", "id": "Maleo"}, "summary": {"en": "A unique bird endemic to Sulawesi — the maleo buries its massive eggs in volcanic sand, relying on geothermal heat to incubate its young, a species endangered by habitat loss and human activity.", "zh": "苏拉威西特有鸟类——将巨大的蛋埋入火山沙中，依靠地热孵育幼鸟——因栖息地丧失和人类活动而濒危的物种。", "id": "Burung endemik Sulawesi — maleo mengubur telurnya yang besar di pasir vulkanik, mengandalkan panas bumi untuk mengerami anaknya, spesies yang terancam punah karena hilangnya habitat dan aktivitas manusia."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["wildlife", "sulawesi", "bird", "endemic", "endangered", "prehistoric", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/maleo"}, {"id": "phinisi-ship", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Elephant", "zh": "苏门答腊象", "id": "Gajah Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest and palest of the Asian elephants—a keystone species whose footsteps shape the forests of Sumatra, a living symbol of the island's vanishing wilderness, and a creature revered in local culture as wise, strong, and spiritual, now fighting for survival on the edge of extinction.", "zh": "亚洲象中体型最小、肤色最浅的一种——一种其足迹塑造苏门答腊森林的关键物种，该岛正在消失的荒野的活象征，在当地文化中被尊为智慧、力量和灵性的生物，如今正在灭绝的边缘挣扎求生。", "id": "Yang terkecil dan paling pucat dari gajah Asia—spesies kunci yang jejaknya membentuk hutan Sumatra, simbol hidup dari hutan belantara pulau yang menghilang, dan makhluk yang dihormati dalam budaya lokal sebagai bijaksana, kuat, dan spiritual, kini berjuang untuk bertahan di ambang kepunahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wildlife", "elephant", "sumatra", "critically-endangered", "keystone-species", "conservation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/phinisi-ship"}, {"id": "proboscis monkey", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Proboscis Monkey", "zh": "长鼻猴", "id": "Bekantan"}, "summary": {"en": "An arboreal primate with an unmistakable long, drooping nose — found only in Borneo's coastal mangroves and rivers, and an icon of the island's fragile ecosystem.", "zh": "一种树栖灵长类，拥有标志性的长而下垂的鼻子——仅分布于婆罗洲沿海红树林和河流沿岸，是该岛脆弱生态系统的标志性物种。", "id": "Primata arboreal dengan hidung panjang dan terkulai yang khas — hanya ditemukan di hutan mangrove dan sungai pesisir Kalimantan, dan ikon ekosistem pulau yang rapuh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["wildlife", "borneo", "kalimantan", "primate", "endangered", "mangrove", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/proboscis-monkey"}, {"id": "proboscis-monkey", "module": "04_geography", "type": "species", "name": {"en": "Proboscis Monkey", "zh": "长鼻猴", "id": "Bekantan"}, "summary": {"en": "A distinctive primate endemic to the island of Borneo, known for its unusually large, pendulous nose and pot-bellied appearance—a species that lives in coastal mangroves and riverine forests, is an excellent swimmer, and has become an iconic symbol of Borneo's unique biodiversity, facing threats from habitat loss and deforestation.", "zh": "婆罗洲特有的独特灵长类动物，以其异常巨大、下垂的鼻子和大腹便便的外表而闻名——一种生活在沿海红树林和河岸森林中的物种，是出色的游泳者，已成为婆罗洲独特生物多样性的标志性象征，面临栖息地丧失和森林砍伐的威胁。", "id": "Sebuah primata khas endemik pulau Kalimantan, dikenal dengan hidungnya yang sangat besar dan menggantung serta penampilannya yang berperut buncit—sebuah spesies yang hidup di hutan bakau pesisir dan hutan riparian, adalah perenang yang ulung, dan telah menjadi simbol ikonik keanekaragaman hayati Kalimantan yang unik, menghadapi ancaman dari hilangnya habitat dan deforestasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["fauna", "primate", "borneo", "kalimantan", "endangered", "biodiversity", "conservation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/proboscis-monkey"}, {"id": "sumatran elephant", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Elephant", "zh": "苏门答腊象", "id": "Gajah Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest Asian elephant subspecies — a critically endangered species found only in Sumatra, whose dwindling forest home is a symbol of the archipelago's struggle to balance development and nature.", "zh": "最小的亚洲象亚种——仅在苏门答腊发现的极度濒危物种，其不断缩小的森林家园是群岛在发展与自然之间寻求平衡的象征。", "id": "Subspesies gajah Asia terkecil — spesies yang sangat terancam punah yang hanya ditemukan di Sumatra, yang rumah hutannya yang menyusut adalah simbol perjuangan Nusantara untuk menyeimbangkan pembangunan dan alam."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["wildlife", "sumatra", "elephant", "critically-endangered", "mammal", "conservation"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-elephant"}, {"id": "sumatran rhinoceros", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Rhinoceros", "zh": "苏门答腊犀牛", "id": "Badak Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest and hairiest of all rhino species — a prehistoric survivor with two horns, now on the brink of extinction with fewer than 80 individuals left in the wild.", "zh": "所有犀牛中体型最小、毛发最多的——一种带有双角的史前幸存者，如今野外仅存不到80头，濒临灭绝。", "id": "Spesies badak terkecil dan paling berbulu — penyintas prasejarah dengan dua tanduk, kini di ambang kepunahan dengan kurang dari 80 individu di alam liar."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["wildlife", "sumatra", "rhino", "critically-endangered", "prehistoric", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"id": "sumatran-elephant", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Elephant", "zh": "苏门答腊象", "id": "Gajah Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest and palest of the Asian elephants—a keystone species whose footsteps shape the forests of Sumatra, a living symbol of the island's vanishing wilderness, and a creature revered in local culture as wise, strong, and spiritual, now fighting for survival on the edge of extinction.", "zh": "亚洲象中体型最小、肤色最浅的一种——一种其足迹塑造苏门答腊森林的关键物种，该岛正在消失的荒野的活象征，在当地文化中被尊为智慧、力量和灵性的生物，如今正在灭绝的边缘挣扎求生。", "id": "Yang terkecil dan paling pucat dari gajah Asia—spesies kunci yang jejaknya membentuk hutan Sumatra, simbol hidup dari hutan belantara pulau yang menghilang, dan makhluk yang dihormati dalam budaya lokal sebagai bijaksana, kuat, dan spiritual, kini berjuang untuk bertahan di ambang kepunahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["wildlife", "elephant", "sumatra", "critically-endangered", "keystone-species", "conservation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-elephant"}, {"id": "sumatran-orangutan", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Orangutan", "zh": "苏门答腊猩猩", "id": "Orangutan Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the world's most intelligent primates — the Sumatran orangutan is a solitary, arboreal ape that shares 97% of human DNA, now critically endangered due to deforestation and palm oil expansion.", "zh": "世界上最聪明的灵长类动物之一——苏门答腊猩猩是一种独居的树栖猿类，与人类共享97%的DNA，现因森林砍伐和棕榈油扩张而极度濒危。", "id": "Salah satu primata paling cerdas di dunia — orangutan Sumatra adalah kera arboreal soliter yang berbagi 97% DNA manusia, kini sangat terancam punah akibat deforestasi dan ekspansi sawit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["wildlife", "sumatra", "orangutan", "critically-endangered", "primate", "arboreal", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-orangutan"}, {"id": "sumatran-rhinoceros", "module": "04_geography", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Rhinoceros", "zh": "苏门答腊犀牛", "id": "Badak Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest and most ancient of all living rhinoceros species—a solitary, hairy, two-horned relic of the Pleistocene that once roamed from the Himalayas to Sumatra, now clinging to existence in the last fragments of its rainforest home, a living symbol of the archipelago's vanishing wilderness.", "zh": "现存犀牛中体型最小、最古老的一种——一种独居、多毛、双角的更新世遗存，曾从喜马拉雅山脉漫步至苏门答腊，如今在最后的热带雨林碎片中勉力生存，是群岛正在消失的荒野的活象征。", "id": "Spesies badak terkecil dan paling purba dari semua badak yang masih hidup—reliq soliter, berbulu, bertanduk dua dari zaman Pleistosen yang pernah berkeliaran dari Himalaya hingga Sumatra, kini bertahan di sisa-sisa terakhir hutan hujan, simbol hidup dari hutan belantara Nusantara yang semakin menghilang."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["wildlife", "rhinoceros", "sumatra", "critically-endangered", "endemic", "ancient", "conservation", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"id": "sumatran-tiger", "module": "04_geography", "type": "wildlife", "name": {"en": "Sumatran Tiger", "zh": "苏门答腊虎", "id": "Harimau Sumatra"}, "summary": {"en": "The smallest and most critically endangered of all tiger subspecies — a solitary apex predator of Sumatra's rainforests, revered and feared in local folklore, and now surviving in the last fragments of its ancient domain.", "zh": "所有虎亚种中体型最小、最濒危的一种——苏门答腊雨林中独行的顶级捕食者，在当地民间传说中既被敬畏又令人恐惧，如今仅幸存于其古老领地最后的碎片中。", "id": "Subspesies harimau terkecil dan paling terancam punah — predator puncak soliter di hutan hujan Sumatra, dihormati dan ditakuti dalam cerita rakyat lokal, dan kini bertahan di fragmen terakhir wilayah kunonya."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["wildlife", "sumatra", "tiger", "critically-endangered", "predator", "folklore", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/04_geography/wildlife/sumatran-tiger"}, {"id": "dutch-colonial-architecture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Dutch Colonial Architecture", "zh": "荷兰殖民建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda"}, "summary": {"en": "A distinctive architectural style that emerged during the Dutch colonial period in the Nusantara—characterized by its fusion of European and tropical elements, including high ceilings, wide verandas, louvered windows, and elegant proportions, representing the cultural exchange and power dynamics of the colonial era.", "zh": "荷兰殖民时期在努山塔拉出现的一种独特建筑风格——以欧洲与热带元素的融合为特征，包括高天花板、宽走廊、百叶窗和优雅的比例，代表了殖民时代的文化交流与权力动态。", "id": "Gaya arsitektur khas yang muncul selama periode kolonial Belanda di Nusantara—dicirikan oleh perpaduan elemen Eropa dan tropis, termasuk langit-langit tinggi, beranda lebar, jendela kisi-kisi, dan proporsi yang elegan, mewakili pertukaran budaya dan dinamika kekuasaan era kolonial."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["architecture", "colonial", "dutch", "heritage", "indies-style", "tropical-adaptation", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/dutch-colonial-architecture"}, {"id": "indonesian-architecture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Architecture", "zh": "印尼传统建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The architectural traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — from the cosmic temples of Java and the water palaces of Bali to the stilt houses of Sumatra and the spirit bridges of Toraja — each a physical manifestation of the relationship between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的建筑传统——从爪哇的宇宙神庙和巴厘的水上宫殿到苏门答腊的高脚屋和托拉查的灵性之桥——每一座都是可见与不可见世界关系的物理显现。", "id": "Tradisi arsitektur kepulauan Nusantara — dari kuil kosmik Jawa dan istana air Bali hingga rumah panggung Sumatra dan jembatan roh Toraja — masing-masing manifestasi fisik dari hubungan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "temple", "palace", "traditional-house", "javanese", "balinese", "sumatran"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/indonesian-architecture"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-houses", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Houses", "zh": "印尼传统民居", "id": "Rumah Adat Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional houses of the Nusantara archipelago — from the boat-shaped roofs of the Toraja and the buffalo-horn curves of the Minangkabau to the stilt houses of Sumatra and the cosmic layouts of Java and Bali — each a physical embodiment of the relationship between the human, the divine, and the ancestral worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统民居——从托拉查的船形屋顶和米南加保的水牛角形屋脊到苏门答腊的高脚屋和爪哇巴厘的宇宙格局——每一座都是人类、神界与祖先世界关系的物理体现。", "id": "Rumah tradisional kepulauan Nusantara — dari atap berbentuk perahu Toraja dan lengkung tanduk kerbau Minangkabau hingga rumah panggung Sumatra dan tata kosmik Jawa dan Bali — masing-masing perwujudan fisik dari hubungan antara dunia manusia, ilahi, dan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "traditional-houses", "javanese", "balinese", "sumatran", "toraja", "cosmology"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/indonesian-traditional-houses"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-villages", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Villages", "zh": "印尼传统村落", "id": "Desa Adat Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional villages of the Nusantara archipelago — from the rice-terraced hamlets of Bali and the fortified clans of the Toraja to the riverside longhouses of the Dayak and the coastal settlements of the Bugis — each a living cosmos, a community bound by ritual, kinship, and the rhythm of the 210-day contract.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统村落——从巴厘的梯田村寨和托拉查的防御氏族到达雅克的河边长屋和布吉斯的沿海定居点——每一个都是活着的宇宙，一个由仪式、亲缘和210天契约节奏紧密相连的社区。", "id": "Desa tradisional kepulauan Nusantara — dari dusun terasering padi Bali dan klan berbenteng Toraja hingga rumah panjang tepi sungai Dayak dan pemukiman pesisir Bugis — masing-masing kosmos yang hidup, komunitas yang diikat oleh ritual, kekerabatan, dan ritme kontrak 210 hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "village", "tradition", "community", "ritual", "javanese", "balinese", "dayak"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/indonesian-traditional-villages"}, {"id": "javanese-architecture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Javanese Architecture", "zh": "爪哇建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and sophisticated architectural tradition shaped by centuries of Hindu-Buddhist cosmology, Islamic influences, and Javanese philosophy—expressed through distinctive roof forms, spatial hierarchies, and symbolic ornamentation that reflect the Javanese understanding of the cosmos, social order, and the relationship between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "一种丰富而精緻的建筑传统，经由数个世纪的印度教-佛教宇宙观、伊斯兰影响和爪哇哲学塑造而成——通过独特的屋顶形式、空间层级和象征性装饰来表达爪哇人对宇宙、社会秩序以及可见与不可见世界之间关系的理解。", "id": "Tradisi arsitektur yang kaya dan canggih yang dibentuk oleh kosmologi Hindu-Buddha, pengaruh Islam, dan filosofi Jawa selama berabad-abad—diekspresikan melalui bentuk atap yang khas, hierarki spasial, dan ornamen simbolis yang mencerminkan pemahaman Jawa tentang kosmos, tatanan sosial, dan hubungan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "culture", "tradition", "cosmology", "joglo", "pendopo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/javanese-architecture"}, {"id": "joglo", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Joglo", "zh": "乔格洛（爪哇传统贵族房屋）", "id": "Joglo"}, "summary": {"en": "The most iconic and philosophically significant traditional Javanese house form—characterized by its towering central roof supported by four main pillars (saka guru), symbolizing the cosmic mountain and the axis of the universe, reserved for aristocracy and sacred spaces.", "zh": "最具标志性和哲学意义的爪哇传统房屋形式——以四根主柱（saka guru）支撑的高耸中央屋顶为特征，象征着宇宙之山和宇宙轴心，专属于贵族和神圣空间。", "id": "Bentuk rumah tradisional Jawa yang paling ikonik dan signifikan secara filosofis—dicirikan oleh atap tengahnya yang menjulang tinggi yang didukung oleh empat pilar utama (saka guru), melambangkan gunung kosmik dan poros alam semesta, diperuntukkan bagi aristokrasi dan ruang sakral."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "traditional-house", "cosmology", "joglo", "saka-guru", "pendopo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/joglo"}, {"id": "kampung", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Kampung (Traditional Javanese Village House)", "zh": "甘榜（爪哇传统乡村房屋）", "id": "Kampung"}, "summary": {"en": "The most common and widespread traditional Javanese house form—characterized by its simple gable roof and modest proportions, representing the dwellings of the common people, embodying the Javanese values of humility, community, and harmony with nature.", "zh": "最常见、最普遍的爪哇传统房屋形式——以简单的山墙屋顶和朴素的规模为特征，代表平民的居所，体现了爪哇人谦逊、社群和与自然和谐相处的价值观。", "id": "Bentuk rumah tradisional Jawa yang paling umum dan tersebar luas—dicirikan oleh atap pelana sederhana dan proporsi yang sederhana, mewakili tempat tinggal rakyat jelata, mewujudkan nilai-nilai Jawa tentang kerendahan hati, komunitas, dan harmoni dengan alam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "traditional-house", "vernacular", "community", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/kampung"}, {"id": "limasan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Limasan (Traditional Javanese Hip Roof House)", "zh": "利马桑（爪哇传统四坡屋顶房屋）", "id": "Limasan"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese house form characterized by its hip roof with a central ridge—representing the middle tier of Javanese social hierarchy, embodying the values of refinement, propriety, and harmony, serving as the dwelling of the upper class and nobility.", "zh": "一种以中央屋脊四坡屋顶为特征的爪哇传统房屋形式——代表爪哇社会等级的中间层级，体现了精緻、礼仪和和谐的价值观，是上层阶级和贵族的居所。", "id": "Bentuk rumah tradisional Jawa yang dicirikan oleh atap perisai dengan bubungan tengah—mewakili tingkat menengah hierarki sosial Jawa, mewujudkan nilai-nilai kehalusan, kesopanan, dan harmoni, berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal kelas atas dan bangsawan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "traditional-house", "hip-roof", "limasan", "upper-class", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/limasan"}, {"id": "pendopo", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Pendopo", "zh": "彭多波（爪哇开放亭台）", "id": "Pendopo"}, "summary": {"en": "The open pavilion at the heart of Javanese architecture—a roofed hall without walls where the boundary between inside and outside dissolves, where guests are received and spirits are honored, and where the human world meets the cosmic order.", "zh": "爪哇建筑心脏处的开放亭台——一个无墙有顶的大厅，内外边界在此消融，宾客在此被接待、神灵在此被敬奉，人类世界与宇宙秩序在此相遇。", "id": "Pendopo terbuka di jantung arsitektur Jawa—aula beratap tanpa dinding di mana batas antara dalam dan luar larut, di mana tamu diterima dan roh dihormati, dan di mana dunia manusia bertemu dengan tatanan kosmik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "pendopo", "joglo", "cosmology", "saka-guru", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/pendopo"}, {"id": "prambanan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "location", "name": {"en": "Prambanan Temple", "zh": "普兰巴南寺庙", "id": "Candi Prambanan"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia, built in the 9th century during the Sanjaya Dynasty—a masterpiece of Javanese architecture dedicated to the Trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva), whose towering spires and exquisite Ramayana reliefs stand as a testament to the artistic and spiritual brilliance of ancient Java.", "zh": "印尼最大的印度教寺庙群，建于9世纪珊阇耶王朝时期——爪哇建筑的杰作，供奉三主神（梵天、毗湿奴、湿婆），其高耸的塔尖和精美的罗摩衍那浮雕见证着古代爪哇的艺术和精神辉煌。", "id": "Kompleks candi Hindu terbesar di Indonesia, dibangun pada abad ke-9 pada masa Dinasti Sanjaya—sebuah mahakarya arsitektur Jawa yang didedikasikan untuk Trimurti (Brahma, Wisnu, Siwa), yang puncak-puncaknya yang menjulang dan relief Ramayana yang indah berdiri sebagai bukti kecemerlangan artistik dan spiritual Jawa kuno."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 20, "tags": ["geography", "temple", "hindu", "java", "prambanan", "trimurti", "ramayana", "unesco"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/prambanan"}, {"id": "rumah-gadang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Rumah Gadang", "zh": "加当屋", "id": "Rumah Gadang"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional house of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra—a magnificent structure with distinctive curved roof peaks that resemble buffalo horns, serving as a symbol of Minangkabau identity, culture, and the matrilineal social structure that has shaped the lives of the Minangkabau for centuries.", "zh": "西苏门答腊米南加保人的传统房屋——一座宏伟的建筑，拥有独特的弧形屋顶尖角，形似水牛角，是米南加保身份、文化和几个世纪以来塑造米南加保人生活的母系社会结构的象征。", "id": "Rumah adat masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat—sebuah struktur megah dengan puncak atap melengkung yang khas menyerupai tanduk kerbau, berfungsi sebagai simbol identitas Minangkabau, budaya, dan struktur sosial matrilineal yang telah membentuk kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["architecture", "minangkabau", "tradition", "culture", "matrilineal", "west-sumatra", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/rumah-gadang"}, {"id": "rumoh-aceh", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Rumoh Aceh (Acehnese Traditional House)", "zh": "鲁莫·亚齐（亚齐传统房屋）", "id": "Rumoh Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A wooden stilt house from the northern tip of Sumatra—raised high above the ground to honor the ancestors and protect against the unseen, oriented toward Mecca, and built as a home for the living, the dead, and the spirits that dwell between them.", "zh": "苏门答腊北端的一种木质高脚屋——高高架起以敬奉祖先并防御不可见之物，朝向麦加而建，为生者、死者以及居于此间的灵而建的家园。", "id": "Rumah panggung kayu dari ujung utara Sumatra—ditinggikan di atas tanah untuk menghormati leluhur dan melindungi dari yang tak terlihat, menghadap ke Mekah, dan dibangun sebagai rumah bagi yang hidup, yang mati, dan roh yang bersemayam di antara mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["architecture", "aceh", "traditional-house", "stilt-house", "islam", "cosmology", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/rumoh-aceh"}, {"id": "ruwatan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Rumoh Aceh (Acehnese Traditional House)", "zh": "鲁莫·亚齐（亚齐传统房屋）", "id": "Rumoh Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A wooden stilt house from the northern tip of Sumatra—raised high above the ground to honor the ancestors and protect against the unseen, oriented toward Mecca, and built as a home for the living, the dead, and the spirits that dwell between them.", "zh": "苏门答腊北端的一种木质高脚屋——高高架起以敬奉祖先并防御不可见之物，朝向麦加而建，为生者、死者以及居于此间的灵而建的家园。", "id": "Rumah panggung kayu dari ujung utara Sumatra—ditinggikan di atas tanah untuk menghormati leluhur dan melindungi dari yang tak terlihat, menghadap ke Mekah, dan dibangun sebagai rumah bagi yang hidup, yang mati, dan roh yang bersemayam di antara mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["architecture", "aceh", "traditional-house", "stilt-house", "islam", "cosmology", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/ruwatan"}, {"id": "tajug", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Tajug", "zh": "塔朱格（爪哇金字塔形屋顶）", "id": "Tajug"}, "summary": {"en": "The most sacred of Javanese roof forms—a pyramid-like structure that rises toward the sky, reserved for mosques, royal graves, and sacred spaces, a symbol of Mount Meru, the axis of the universe, and the journey of the soul toward the divine.", "zh": "爪哇屋顶形式中最神圣的一种——金字塔状结构升向天空，专属于清真寺、王陵和神圣空间，象征着宇宙轴心须弥山以及灵魂向神性攀升的旅程。", "id": "Bentuk atap Jawa yang paling sakral—struktur seperti piramida yang menjulang ke langit, diperuntukkan bagi masjid, makam kerajaan, dan ruang sakral, simbol Gunung Meru, poros alam semesta, dan perjalanan jiwa menuju yang ilahi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "mosque", "sacred", "traditional-architecture", "islam", "cosmology", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/tajug"}, {"id": "tongkonan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Tongkonan (Toraja Traditional House)", "zh": "通科南（托拉查传统房屋）", "id": "Tongkonan"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancestral house of the Toraja people—a structure that is not merely a dwelling but a living symbol of the family's connection to the ancestors, the cosmos, and the land, with a roof that rises like a buffalo's horns toward the sky and a floor that rests on the earth.", "zh": "托拉查人的祖先之屋——一座不仅是居所更是家族与祖先、宇宙和土地联系的活符号，屋顶如牛角般升向天空，地板坐落于大地之上。", "id": "Rumah leluhur masyarakat Toraja—struktur yang bukan sekadar tempat tinggal tetapi simbol hidup dari hubungan keluarga dengan leluhur, kosmos, dan tanah, dengan atap yang menjulang seperti tanduk kerbau menuju langit dan lantai yang bertumpu pada bumi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["architecture", "toraja", "tongkonan", "traditional-house", "ancestor-worship", "aluk-todolo", "cosmology", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/tongkonan"}, {"id": "traditional-village-architecture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Traditional Village Architecture", "zh": "印尼传统村落建筑深化", "id": "Arsitektur Desa Adat"}, "summary": {"en": "A deep dive into the architecture of the traditional villages of the Nusantara archipelago — from the spatial organization of the Balinese desa adat and the communal longhouses of Borneo to the ritual significance of the village square and the sacred orientation of the landscape.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛传统村落建筑的深化探索——从巴厘传统村的空间组织与婆罗洲的共居长屋到村广场的仪式意义和景观的神圣方位。", "id": "Pendalaman arsitektur desa tradisional Nusantara — dari organisasi spasial desa adat Bali dan rumah panjang komunal Borneo hingga makna ritual alun-alun desa dan orientasi sakral lanskap."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "village", "traditional", "community", "ritual", "spatial", "javanese"], "url": "./library/05_culture/architecture/traditional-village-architecture"}, {"id": "Songket", "module": "05_culture", "type": "textile", "name": {"en": "Songket", "zh": "宋吉锦", "id": "Songket"}, "summary": {"en": "A handwoven textile with gold or silver threads — a symbol of status, wealth, and tradition across the Malay world, from Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula.", "zh": "一种以金线或银线手工编织的织物——从苏门答腊到马来半岛，整个马来世界中地位、财富和传统的象征。", "id": "Kain tenun tangan dengan benang emas atau perak — simbol status, kekayaan, dan tradisi di seluruh dunia Melayu, dari Sumatra hingga Semenanjung Malaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["culture", "textile", "songket", "malay", "sumatra", "handcraft", "tradition"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/Songket"}, {"id": "angklung music", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Angklung", "zh": "昂格隆", "id": "Angklung"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian musical instrument made of bamboo tubes, each tuned to a single note, played by shaking to produce a shimmering, cascading sound—originating from the Sundanese people of West Java, recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, and a powerful symbol of community cooperation.", "zh": "一种传统的印度尼西亚竹制乐器，每个竹管调至一个音符，通过摇动发出清脆的、层层叠叠的声音——起源于西爪哇的巽他人，被联合国教科文组织认定为人类口头和非物质遗产杰作，也是社区合作的强有力象征。", "id": "Sebuah alat musik tradisional Indonesia yang terbuat dari tabung bambu, masing-masing disetel ke satu nada, dimainkan dengan diguncang untuk menghasilkan suara gemerincing dan berjenjang—berasal dari masyarakat Sunda di Jawa Barat, diakui oleh UNESCO sebagai Karya Agung Warisan Budaya Lisan dan Takbenda Manusia, dan simbol kuat kerjasama masyarakat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["music", "angklung", "bambo-instrument", "sundanese", "intangible-heritage", "tradition", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/angklung-music"}, {"id": "angklung", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Angklung", "zh": "昂格隆", "id": "Angklung"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian musical instrument made of bamboo tubes, each tuned to a single note, played by shaking to produce a shimmering, cascading sound—originating from the Sundanese people of West Java, recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, and a powerful symbol of community cooperation.", "zh": "一种传统的印度尼西亚竹制乐器，每个竹管调至一个音符，通过摇动发出清脆的、层层叠叠的声音——起源于西爪哇的巽他人，被联合国教科文组织认定为人类口头和非物质遗产杰作，也是社区合作的强有力象征。", "id": "Sebuah alat musik tradisional Indonesia yang terbuat dari tabung bambu, masing-masing disetel ke satu nada, dimainkan dengan diguncang untuk menghasilkan suara gemerincing dan berjenjang—berasal dari masyarakat Sunda di Jawa Barat, diakui oleh UNESCO sebagai Karya Agung Warisan Budaya Lisan dan Takbenda Manusia, dan simbol kuat kerjasama masyarakat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["music", "angklung", "bamboo-instrument", "sundanese", "intangible-heritage", "unesco", "community", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/angklung"}, {"id": "angkul-angkul", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Traditional Top", "zh": "传统陀螺", "id": "Gasing Tradisional"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional spinning top game of the Nusantara archipelago — a craft, a sport, and a philosophy, where the spinning of the top represents the balance of the world and the harmony of the three realms.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统陀螺游戏——一项手艺、一项运动、一种哲学，陀螺的旋转代表着世界的平衡与三界的和谐。", "id": "Permainan gasing tradisional Nusantara — kerajinan, olahraga, dan filosofi, di mana putaran gasing mewakili keseimbangan dunia dan harmoni tiga alam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "game", "traditional", "top", "gasing", "java", "bali", "rwa-bhineda"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/angkul-angkul"}, {"id": "barong bali", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Barong Dance", "zh": "巴龙舞（巴厘）", "id": "Tari Barong"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Balinese dance-drama — a sacred performance depicting the eternal battle between good and evil, featuring the mythical lion-like Barong and the witch Rangda, accompanied by gamelan music.", "zh": "一种传统的巴厘舞剧——一种神圣的表演，描绘善与恶之间的永恒战斗，以神话中的狮形巴龙和女巫朗达为特色，配以甘美兰音乐。", "id": "Drama-tari tradisional Bali — pertunjukan sakral yang menggambarkan pertempuran abadi antara baik dan jahat, menampilkan Barong mirip singa mitos dan penyihir Rangda, diiringi musik gamelan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "bali", "sacred", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/barong-bali"}, {"id": "batik parang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "art", "name": {"en": "Batik Parang", "zh": "巴戎蜡染", "id": "Batik Parang"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese batik motif — a pattern of curved, interlocking lines that resembles a knife or sword, symbolizing power, protection, and the uninterrupted flow of spiritual energy.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇蜡染图案——由弯曲、交错的线条组成的图案，形似刀或剑，象征着力量、保护和灵性能量的不间断流动。", "id": "Motif batik tradisional Jawa — pola garis melengkung yang saling terkait yang menyerupai pisau atau pedang, melambangkan kekuatan, perlindungan, dan aliran energi spiritual yang tidak terputus."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "arts", "batik", "java", "motif", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/batik-parang"}, {"id": "batik-parang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Batik Parang", "zh": "帕朗巴迪克", "id": "Batik Parang"}, "summary": {"en": "One of the oldest and most sacred batik patterns in Javanese tradition—a diagonal design of interlocking swords that symbolizes resilience, continuity, and the relentless flow of nature, traditionally worn only by royalty and believed to carry a protective power, now recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia.", "zh": "爪哇传统中最古老、最神圣的巴迪克图案之一——一种连续排列的斜向剑形设计，象征着坚韧、延续和自然的永不停歇，传统上仅供皇室穿着，被认为具有保护力量，现已被认定为印度尼西亚非物质文化遗产。", "id": "Salah satu pola batik tertua dan paling sakral dalam tradisi Jawa—sebuah desain diagonal pedang yang saling bertaut yang melambangkan ketahanan, kesinambungan, dan aliran alam yang tak henti-hentinya, secara tradisional hanya dikenakan oleh bangsawan dan diyakini memiliki kekuatan perlindungan, sekarang diakui sebagai Warisan Budaya Tak Benda Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["textile", "batik", "parang", "javanese", "sacred-pattern", "intangible-heritage", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/batik-parang"}, {"id": "batik", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Batik", "zh": "蜡染", "id": "Batik"}, "summary": {"en": "Traditional Indonesian textile art using wax-resist dyeing, recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.", "zh": "印尼传统纺织工艺，使用蜡染防染技术。2009 年被联合国教科文组织列为人类非物质文化遗产，是印尼最具有代表性的文化符号之一。", "id": "Seni tekstil tradisional Indonesia menggunakan teknik celup-rintang lilin, diakui UNESCO sebagai Warisan Budaya Takbenda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 23, "tags": ["art", "textile", "batik", "unesco", "indonesia", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/batik"}, {"id": "candi-architecture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "architecture", "name": {"en": "Candi Architecture", "zh": "坎迪寺庙建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Candi"}, "summary": {"en": "The Hindu-Buddhist temple architecture of the Nusantara archipelago — a sacred architectural tradition built not just of stone but of cosmic symbolism, mapping the three realms onto the landscape and creating gateways between worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的印度教-佛教寺庙建筑——一种不只是由石头建造的圣建筑传统，更承载着宇宙象征，将三界映射于大地之上，创造诸界之间的通道。", "id": "Arsitektur candi Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara — tradisi arsitektur suci yang dibangun bukan hanya dari batu tetapi dari simbolisme kosmik, memetakan tiga alam ke dalam lanskap dan menciptakan gerbang antar dunia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "candi", "borobudur", "prambanan", "hindu", "buddhist", "cosmology"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/candi-architecture"}, {"id": "celempung", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Celempung", "zh": "塞伦朋（传统弦乐器）", "id": "Celempung"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese string instrument — a zither-like instrument with strings stretched over a wooden body, often used to accompany songs and gamelan music.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇弦乐器——一种类似古筝的乐器，琴弦绷在木制琴体上，常用于伴奏歌曲和甘美兰音乐。", "id": "Alat musik petik tradisional Jawa — instrumen seperti sitar dengan senar yang direntangkan di atas badan kayu, sering digunakan untuk mengiringi lagu dan musik gamelan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "music", "string-instrument", "java", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/celempung"}, {"id": "dalang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Dalang", "zh": "达朗（木偶师）", "id": "Dalang"}, "summary": {"en": "The master puppeteer and narrator of wayang kulit (shadow puppetry) and wayang golek (wooden puppetry) in Javanese and Balinese tradition—a figure of immense skill, knowledge, and spiritual authority, who manipulates the puppets, provides the voices, narrates the stories, and serves as a bridge between the human and the spiritual worlds during all-night performances.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘传统中哇扬皮影戏和哇扬戈莱克木偶戏的木偶师和叙述者——一位技艺、知识和精神权威非凡的人物，操纵木偶、配音、叙述故事，并在通宵表演中充当人类与精神世界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Dalang dan narator utama wayang kulit dan wayang golek dalam tradisi Jawa dan Bali—seorang tokoh dengan keterampilan, pengetahuan, dan otoritas spiritual yang luar biasa, yang memanipulasi wayang, memberikan suara, menarasikan cerita, dan berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara dunia manusia dan spiritual selama pertunjukan semalam suntuk."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["art", "performance", "puppetry", "javanese", "balinese", "dalang", "wayang", "spirituality"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/dalang"}, {"id": "gamelan music", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Gamelan Music", "zh": "甘美兰音乐", "id": "Karawitan"}, "summary": {"en": "The metallic orchestra of Java and Bali — a sacred ensemble of gongs, metallophones, and drums that creates the sonic architecture of the Nusantara worldview, accompanying rituals, dances, and the journeys of the soul.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘的金属管弦乐队——由锣、金属木琴和鼓组成的神圣合奏，创造了努山塔拉世界观的声学架构，伴随仪式、舞蹈和灵魂的旅程。", "id": "Orkestra metalik Jawa dan Bali — ansambel sakral gong, metalofon, dan kendang yang menciptakan arsitektur sonik pandangan dunia Nusantara, mengiringi ritual, tarian, dan perjalanan jiwa."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "music", "gamelan", "java", "bali", "ensemble", "ritual", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/gamelan-music"}, {"id": "gamelan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Gamelan", "zh": "甘美兰音乐", "id": "Gamelan"}, "summary": {"en": "Traditional Indonesian ensemble music featuring bronze metallophones, gongs, and drums, closely associated with Javanese and Balinese culture.", "zh": "印尼传统器乐合奏，以青铜金属琴、铜锣和鼓为主要乐器，与爪哇和巴厘文化密不可分。其独特音色被认为是世界音乐中最具辨识度的声音之一。", "id": "Musik ansambel tradisional Indonesia dengan metalofon perunggu, gong, dan kendang, terkait erat dengan budaya Jawa dan Bali."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 59, "tags": ["art", "music", "gamelan", "javanese", "balinese", "orchestra"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/gamelan"}, {"id": "indonesian traditional games", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Games", "zh": "印尼传统游戏", "id": "Permainan Tradisional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich heritage of games and sports — from egg fights to bamboo stilts to marble games — that embody the Nusantara values of community, creativity, and the balance between competition and play.", "zh": "丰富的游戏与运动遗产——从斗蛋到竹高跷到弹珠游戏——体现了努山塔拉的社群、创造力和竞争与玩乐之间平衡的价值观。", "id": "Warisan kaya permainan dan olahraga — dari adu telur hingga egrang bambu hingga permainan kelereng — yang mewujudkan nilai-nilai Nusantara tentang komunitas, kreativitas, dan keseimbangan antara kompetisi dan permainan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "game", "traditional", "children", "community", "play", "rwa-bhineda"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-traditional-games"}, {"id": "indonesian-handicrafts", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Handicrafts", "zh": "印尼传统手工艺", "id": "Kerajinan Tangan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional crafts of the Nusantara archipelago — from the intricate patterns of batik and the mystical power of the kris to the woven stories of songket and the carved narratives of wayang puppets — each a vessel of spiritual energy, a memory of the old world, and a bridge between the visible and invisible realms.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统手工艺——从蜡染的精致图案和短剑的神秘力量到宋吉的织锦叙事和哇扬皮影的雕刻叙事——每一件都是灵性能量的容器、旧世界的记忆、可见与不可见世界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Kerajinan tradisional kepulauan Nusantara — dari pola batik yang rumit dan kekuatan mistis keris hingga cerita tenunan songket dan narasi ukiran wayang — masing-masing wadah energi spiritual, ingatan dunia lama, dan jembatan antara alam yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "handicrafts", "batik", "keris", "wayang", "songket", "woodcarving", "silversmithing"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-handicrafts"}, {"id": "indonesian-music-dance", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Music and Dance", "zh": "印尼音乐与舞蹈", "id": "Musik dan Tari Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The musical and dance traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — from the bronze resonance of gamelan and the sacred movements of the Legong to the fire dances of Bali and the trance rituals of Sumatra — each a bridge between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的音乐与舞蹈传统——从甘美兰的青铜共鸣和雷贡舞的神圣律动到巴厘的火舞和苏门答腊的迷幻仪式——每一样都是可见与不可见世界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Tradisi musik dan tari kepulauan Nusantara — dari resonansi perunggu gamelan dan gerakan sakral Legong hingga tarian api Bali dan ritual trance Sumatra — masing-masing jembatan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["culture", "music", "dance", "gamelan", "balinese-dance", "javanese-dance", "wayang", "ritual"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-music-dance"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-boats", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Boats", "zh": "印尼传统船舶", "id": "Perahu Tradisional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The maritime heritage of the Nusantara archipelago — from the majestic pinisi of the Bugis and the outrigger canoes of the eastern islands to the ceremonial vessels of the royal courts — each a symbol of connection, a vessel of trade, and a bridge between the human world and the spirits of the sea.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的海洋遗产——从布吉斯人的壮丽皮尼西帆船和东部岛屿的舷外支架独木舟到王室的仪式船只——每一艘都是连接的象征、贸易的容器，以及人类世界与海洋精灵之间的桥梁。", "id": "Warisan maritim kepulauan Nusantara — dari pinisi Bugis yang agung dan perahu cadik pulau timur hingga kapal upacara istana kerajaan — masing-masing simbol koneksi, wadah perdagangan, dan jembatan antara dunia manusia dan roh laut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "maritime", "boats", "pinisi", "bugis", "navigation", "trade", "spice-trade"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-traditional-boats"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-clothing", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Clothing", "zh": "印尼传统服饰", "id": "Pakaian Adat Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The diverse traditional clothing of the Nusantara archipelago — from the intricate batik of Java and the elegant kebaya to the woven songket of Sumatra and the ceremonial attire of the eastern islands — each garment a tapestry of identity, status, and spiritual protection.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛丰富多样的传统服饰——从爪哇精巧的蜡染和优雅的格巴雅到苏门答腊的织金宋吉和东部岛屿的仪式性服饰——每一件服饰都是身份、地位和精神保护的织锦。", "id": "Pakaian tradisional yang beragam dari kepulauan Nusantara — dari batik Jawa yang rumit dan kebaya yang elegan hingga songket tenun Sumatra dan pakaian upacara pulau timur — setiap pakaian adalah permadani identitas, status, dan perlindungan spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "clothing", "batik", "kebaya", "songket", "javanese", "balinese", "sumatran"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-traditional-clothing"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-games", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Games", "zh": "印尼传统游戏", "id": "Permainan Tradisional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional games of the Nusantara archipelago — from the flying kites of Bali and the spinning tops of Java to the martial dances of Sumatra and the ritual competitions of the eastern islands — each a reflection of the cosmic order, a training ground for life, and a bridge between generations.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统游戏——从巴厘的风筝和爪哇的陀螺到苏门答腊的武术舞蹈和东部岛屿的仪式性竞赛——每一场都是宇宙秩序的反映、生活的训练场和代际之间的桥梁。", "id": "Permainan tradisional kepulauan Nusantara — dari layang-layang Bali dan gasing Jawa hingga tarian bela diri Sumatra dan kompetisi ritual pulau timur — masing-masing cerminan tatanan kosmik, tempat latihan kehidupan, dan jembatan antar generasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "games", "traditional", "kite", "top", "martial-arts", "children", "community"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-traditional-games"}, {"id": "indonesian-traditional-medicine", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Traditional Medicine", "zh": "印尼传统医药", "id": "Pengobatan Tradisional Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The healing traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — a synthesis of herbal knowledge, spiritual practice, and ritual, where illness is understood not merely as a physical condition but as a disruption in the balance between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的治疗传统——草药知识、灵性实践与仪式的综合，疾病不仅被视为身体状况，更是可见与不可见世界之间平衡的断裂。", "id": "Tradisi penyembuhan kepulauan Nusantara — sintesis pengetahuan herbal, praktik spiritual, dan ritual, di mana penyakit dipahami bukan sekadar kondisi fisik tetapi sebagai gangguan dalam keseimbangan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "medicine", "herbal", "healing", "ritual", "javanese", "balinese", "spirituality"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/indonesian-traditional-medicine"}, {"id": "islamic-architecture-indonesia", "module": "05_culture", "type": "architecture", "name": {"en": "Islamic Architecture in Indonesia", "zh": "印尼伊斯兰建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Islam di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A distinct architectural tradition that emerged with the spread of Islam in the archipelago — blending Islamic forms with local Javanese and Malay traditions, creating mosques, tombs, and palaces that are uniquely Indonesian.", "zh": "随着伊斯兰教在群岛传播而出现的独特建筑传统——将伊斯兰形式与当地爪哇和马来传统相融合，创造出独特的印尼清真寺、陵墓和王宫。", "id": "Tradisi arsitektur khas yang muncul dengan penyebaran Islam di Nusantara — memadukan bentuk Islam dengan tradisi Jawa dan Melayu lokal, menciptakan masjid, makam, dan istana yang khas Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "islam", "mosque", "demak", "banten", "wali-songo", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/islamic-architecture-indonesia"}, {"id": "javanese-dance", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Javanese Architecture", "zh": "爪哇建筑", "id": "Arsitektur Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and sophisticated architectural tradition shaped by centuries of Hindu-Buddhist cosmology, Islamic influences, and Javanese philosophy—expressed through distinctive roof forms, spatial hierarchies, and symbolic ornamentation that reflect the Javanese understanding of the cosmos, social order, and the relationship between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "一种丰富而精緻的建筑传统，经由数个世纪的印度教-佛教宇宙观、伊斯兰影响和爪哇哲学塑造而成——通过独特的屋顶形式、空间层级和象征性装饰来表达爪哇人对宇宙、社会秩序以及可见与不可见世界之间关系的理解。", "id": "Tradisi arsitektur yang kaya dan canggih yang dibentuk oleh kosmologi Hindu-Buddha, pengaruh Islam, dan filosofi Jawa selama berabad-abad—diekspresikan melalui bentuk atap yang khas, hierarki spasial, dan ornamen simbolis yang mencerminkan pemahaman Jawa tentang kosmos, tatanan sosial, dan hubungan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["architecture", "javanese", "culture", "tradition", "cosmology", "joglo", "pendopo", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/javanese-dance"}, {"id": "kebenaran", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Kebenaran", "zh": "克伯纳兰（巴厘面具舞）", "id": "Kebenaran"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Balinese mask dance — a sacred performance depicting the battle between good and evil, often performed as part of religious ceremonies and temple festivals in Bali.", "zh": "一种传统的巴厘面具舞——一种神圣的表演，描绘善与恶之间的战斗，常在巴厘的宗教仪式和寺庙庆典中表演。", "id": "Tarian topeng tradisional Bali — pertunjukan sakral yang menggambarkan pertempuran antara baik dan jahat, sering dipentaskan sebagai bagian dari upacara keagamaan dan festival pura di Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "mask-dance", "bali", "sacred", "ceremonial"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/kebenaran"}, {"id": "keris", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Keris (Javanese Dagger)", "zh": "克里斯短剑（爪哇短剑）", "id": "Keris"}, "summary": {"en": "A distinctive asymmetrical dagger from the Nusantara, deeply revered as a spiritual object—more than a weapon, the keris is a symbol of cosmic power, ancestral memory, and social status, forged through a sacred ritual process that blends metallurgy, mysticism, and artistry.", "zh": "一种来自努山塔拉的独特不对称短剑，作为灵性物品备受尊崇——不仅仅是武器，克里斯还是宇宙力量、祖先记忆和社会地位的象征，通过融合冶金、神秘主义和艺术的神圣锻造过程制成。", "id": "Keris asimetris khas dari Nusantara, sangat dihormati sebagai benda spiritual—lebih dari sekadar senjata, keris adalah simbol kekuatan kosmik, ingatan leluhur, dan status sosial, ditempa melalui proses ritual sakral yang memadukan metalurgi, mistisisme, dan kesenian."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["art", "javanese", "weapon", "spiritual", "keris", "tradition", "craftsmanship", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/keris"}, {"id": "kethek ogleng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Kethek Ogleng", "zh": "凯特克·奥格楞（猴舞）", "id": "Kethek Ogleng"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese monkey dance from East Java — a lively and humorous performance depicting the movements and antics of monkeys, often performed at festivals and celebrations.", "zh": "一种来自东爪哇的传统爪哇猴舞——一种生动幽默的表演，模仿猴子的动作和滑稽行为，常在节日和庆典中表演。", "id": "Tarian monyet tradisional Jawa dari Jawa Timur — pertunjukan yang hidup dan lucu yang menggambarkan gerakan dan kejenakaan monyet, sering dipentaskan di festival dan perayaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "java", "east-java", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/kethek-ogleng"}, {"id": "ketoprak-drama", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Ketoprak", "zh": "凯托普拉克（爪哇民间戏剧）", "id": "Ketoprak"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese folk theater from Central Java — a lively drama combining music, comedy, and dance, often depicting stories from Javanese history and mythology, popular at festivals and celebrations.", "zh": "来自中爪哇的传统爪哇民间戏剧——一种结合音乐、喜剧和舞蹈的生动戏剧，常描绘爪哇历史和神话故事，在节日和庆典中广受欢迎。", "id": "Teater rakyat tradisional Jawa dari Jawa Tengah — drama hidup yang menggabungkan musik, komedi, dan tarian, sering menggambarkan cerita dari sejarah dan mitologi Jawa, populer di festival dan perayaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "theater", "java", "central-java", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/ketoprak-drama"}, {"id": "kraton-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Kraton Culture", "zh": "爪哇宫廷文化", "id": "Budaya Kraton"}, "summary": {"en": "The court culture of the Javanese kingdoms — a refined world of ritual, art, and philosophy, where the palace (kraton) serves as the microcosm of the cosmos and the ruler as the mediator between the divine and human realms.", "zh": "爪哇王国的宫廷文化——一个由仪式、艺术和哲学构成的世界，宫殿（克拉顿）作为宇宙的缩影，统治者作为神界与人界之间的媒介。", "id": "Budaya istana kerajaan Jawa — dunia ritual, seni, dan filsafat yang halus, di mana istana (kraton) berfungsi sebagai mikrokosmos kosmos dan penguasa sebagai mediator antara alam ilahi dan manusia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["culture", "kraton", "javanese", "court", "palace", "ritual", "art", "philosophy"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/kraton-culture"}, {"id": "kroncong-music", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Kroncong Music", "zh": "克朗宗音乐", "id": "Keroncong"}, "summary": {"en": "A unique musical genre that emerged from the encounter between Portuguese colonial music and Javanese tradition — a melancholic, soulful music of guitars, ukuleles, and violins that has become a symbol of Indonesian identity.", "zh": "一种独特的音乐流派，源于葡萄牙殖民音乐与爪哇传统的相遇——一种由吉他、尤克里里和小提琴演奏的忧郁、深情的音乐，已成为印尼认同的象征。", "id": "Genre musik unik yang muncul dari pertemuan antara musik kolonial Portugis dan tradisi Jawa — musik melankolis dan penuh perasaan dari gitar, ukulele, dan biola yang telah menjadi simbol identitas Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "music", "kroncong", "portuguese", "java", "identity", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/kroncong-music"}, {"id": "lenong", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Lenong", "zh": "勒农（巴达维传统戏剧）", "id": "Lenong"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Betawi theatrical performance from Jakarta — a lively and humorous drama featuring music, dance, and comedy, often depicting everyday life and social issues in the capital.", "zh": "一种来自雅加达的传统巴达维戏剧表演——一种生动幽默的戏剧，包含音乐、舞蹈和喜剧，常描绘首都的日常生活和社会问题。", "id": "Pertunjukan teater tradisional Betawi dari Jakarta — drama yang hidup dan lucu dengan musik, tarian, dan komedi, sering menggambarkan kehidupan sehari-hari dan isu sosial di ibukota."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "theater", "betawi", "jakarta", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/lenong"}, {"id": "pamor", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Pamor", "zh": "花纹", "id": "Pamor"}, "summary": {"en": "The luminous pattern on a keris blade—not merely decoration but a visual record of the forging process, a map of the smith's intention, and a mirror of the soul of the one who wields it.", "zh": "克里斯剑刃上的发光纹路——不仅是装饰，更是锻造过程的视觉记录、铁匠意图的地图、持剑者灵魂的镜子。", "id": "Pola bercahaya pada bilah keris—bukan sekadar hiasan tetapi catatan visual dari proses penempaan, peta niat pandai besi, dan cermin jiwa yang memegangnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["concept", "javanese", "keris", "pamor", "metallurgy", "spirituality", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/pamor"}, {"id": "pencak-silat 1", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Pencak Silat", "zh": "班卡苏拉", "id": "Pencak Silat"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian martial art, combining combat techniques, dance, and spiritual elements—practiced across the archipelago, it is both a form of self-defense and a cultural expression, recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.", "zh": "一种传统印尼武术，结合格斗技巧、舞蹈和精神元素——在群岛各地广泛练习，既是自卫形式也是文化表达，被联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化遗产。", "id": "Seni bela diri tradisional Indonesia, menggabungkan teknik tempur, tarian, dan unsur spiritual—dipraktikkan di seluruh Nusantara, merupakan bentuk bela diri dan ekspresi budaya, diakui oleh UNESCO sebagai warisan budaya takbenda."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "martial-arts", "tradition", "dance", "spiritual", "intangible-heritage"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/pencak-silat-1"}, {"id": "pencak-silat", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Pencak Silat", "zh": "印尼传统武术", "id": "Pencak Silat"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous martial arts of the Nusantara archipelago — a synthesis of combat, dance, and spiritual practice, where every movement is a prayer and every stance is a meditation on the balance between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的本土武术——战斗、舞蹈与灵性修行的综合体，每一个动作都是祈祷，每一个架势都是对可见与不可见世界之间平衡的冥想。", "id": "Seni bela diri asli kepulauan Nusantara — sintesis pertarungan, tarian, dan praktik spiritual, di mana setiap gerakan adalah doa dan setiap sikap adalah meditasi tentang keseimbangan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "martial-arts", "pencak-silat", "javanese", "sumatran", "balinese", "spirituality", "ritual"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/pencak-silat"}, {"id": "reog ponorogo", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Reog Ponorogo", "zh": "波诺罗戈狮舞", "id": "Reog Ponorogo"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese dance-drama from Ponorogo, East Java — a spectacular performance featuring a massive tiger-headed mask, peacock feathers, and a troupe of warriors, depicting the mythical story of a king and his army.", "zh": "来自东爪哇波诺罗戈的传统爪哇舞剧——一场壮观的表演，以巨大的虎头面具、孔雀羽毛和一队武士为特色，描绘了一位国王及其军队的神话故事。", "id": "Drama-tari tradisional Jawa dari Ponorogo, Jawa Timur — pertunjukan spektakuler dengan topeng kepala harimau raksasa, bulu merak, dan rombongan prajurit, menggambarkan kisah mitos seorang raja dan pasukannya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "traditional", "east-java", "reog"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/reog-ponorogo"}, {"id": "rumah gadang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "architecture", "name": {"en": "Rumah Gadang", "zh": "加当屋", "id": "Rumah Gadang"}, "summary": {"en": "The iconic traditional house of the Minangkabau people — a towering structure with curved roofs, intricate carvings, and a design that reflects the matrilineal society of West Sumatra.", "zh": "米南加保族标志性传统房屋——一种高耸的建筑，拥有弧形屋顶和精美雕刻，其设计反映了西苏门答腊的母系社会。", "id": "Rumah tradisional ikonik masyarakat Minangkabau — struktur menjulang dengan atap melengkung, ukiran rumit, dan desain yang mencerminkan masyarakat matrilineal Sumatera Barat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "architecture", "minangkabau", "sumatra", "rumah-gadang", "matrilineal", "tradition"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/rumah-gadang"}, {"id": "singo barong", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Singo Barong", "zh": "辛戈·巴龙（狮虎舞）", "id": "Singo Barong"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese mask dance from East Java — a powerful and mystical performance featuring a lion-tiger hybrid figure, representing the forces of good and protection against evil spirits.", "zh": "一种来自东爪哇的传统爪哇面具舞——一种强大而神秘的表演，以狮虎混合形象为特色，代表善的力量和对邪灵的抵御。", "id": "Tarian topeng tradisional Jawa dari Jawa Timur — pertunjukan yang kuat dan mistis yang menampilkan sosok hibrida singa-harimau, mewakili kekuatan baik dan perlindungan terhadap roh jahat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "java", "east-java", "mask-dance", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/singo-barong"}, {"id": "tari pendet", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Tari Pendet", "zh": "潘德舞", "id": "Tari Pendet"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese welcome dance — performed by young women carrying bowls of flower petals, scattering them as offerings to the gods, a movement of grace that invites the divine to descend and bless the community.", "zh": "一种巴厘迎宾舞——由年轻女性表演，手持花瓣碗，向众神撒花作为供奉，一种邀请神祇降临赐福社群的优雅动作。", "id": "Tarian selamat datang Bali — dibawakan oleh wanita muda membawa mangkuk kelopak bunga, menaburkannya sebagai persembahan kepada para dewa, gerakan anggun yang mengundang yang ilahi untuk turun dan memberkati komunitas."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "dance", "bali", "welcome", "offerings", "ritual", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/tari-pendet"}, {"id": "tari saman", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Tari Saman", "zh": "萨曼舞", "id": "Tari Saman"}, "summary": {"en": "A dance from Aceh — a ritual of unity and strength, performed by men in tight formation, moving in perfect synchronization to the rhythm of chanting voices, a symbol of Acehnese identity and Islamic devotion.", "zh": "一种来自亚齐的舞蹈——一个团结与力量的仪式，由男性以紧密队形表演，随着吟唱节奏完美同步移动，是亚齐认同和伊斯兰虔诚的象征。", "id": "Tarian dari Aceh — ritual persatuan dan kekuatan, dibawakan oleh pria dalam formasi ketat, bergerak dengan sinkronisasi sempurna mengikuti irama nyanyian, simbol identitas Aceh dan pengabdian Islam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "dance", "aceh", "saman", "unity", "islam", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/tari-saman"}, {"id": "tari topeng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Tari Topeng", "zh": "面具舞", "id": "Tari Topeng"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese mask dance — a theatrical performance where dancers wear intricately carved wooden masks, portraying stories of kings, heroes, and spirits, often performed at ceremonies and festivals.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇面具舞——一种戏剧表演，舞者戴着精雕细刻的木制面具，演绎国王、英雄和精灵的故事，常在仪式和节日中表演。", "id": "Tarian topeng tradisional Jawa — pertunjukan teater di mana penari memakai topeng kayu yang diukir dengan rumit, menceritakan kisah raja, pahlawan, dan roh, sering dipentaskan di upacara dan festival."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "dance", "mask-dance", "java", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/tari-topeng"}, {"id": "tari-kecak", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Kecak Dance", "zh": "凯卡克舞", "id": "Tari Kecak"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese dance-drama performed by a circle of chanting men — no musical instruments, only the hypnotic rhythm of \"cak\" — telling the Ramayana epic through movement, fire, and trance.", "zh": "巴厘岛舞蹈剧，由一圈吟唱的男子表演——没有乐器，只有“察克”声的催眠节奏——通过动作、火焰和入迷状态讲述罗摩衍那史诗。", "id": "Drama-tari Bali yang dibawakan oleh lingkaran pria berteriak — tanpa alat musik, hanya irama hipnotis \"cak\" — menceritakan epik Ramayana melalui gerakan, api, dan trance."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["culture", "dance", "bali", "ramayana", "performance", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/tari-kecak"}, {"id": "tari-topeng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Tari Topeng", "zh": "面具舞", "id": "Tari Topeng"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian masked dance, particularly associated with the Sundanese culture of West Java and the Balinese tradition—a performance where dancers wear intricately carved masks to portray characters from epic stories, embodying the spirits of ancestors, gods, and heroes, and serving as a bridge between the human and the spiritual worlds.", "zh": "一种传统的印度尼西亚面具舞，特别与西爪哇的巽他文化和巴厘传统相关——一种表演，舞者佩戴雕刻精美的面具来演绎史诗故事中的人物，体现祖先、神灵和英雄的精灵，并作为人类与精神世界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Sebuah tarian topeng tradisional Indonesia, terutama terkait dengan budaya Sunda di Jawa Barat dan tradisi Bali—sebuah pertunjukan di mana penari mengenakan topeng yang diukir dengan rumit untuk memerankan karakter dari cerita epik, mewujudkan roh leluhur, dewa, dan pahlawan, dan berfungsi sebagai jembatan antara dunia manusia dan spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["art", "dance", "mask", "tradition", "performance", "javanese", "balinese", "culture"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/tari-topeng"}, {"id": "traditional musical instruments", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Traditional Musical Instruments", "zh": "传统乐器总览", "id": "Alat Musik Tradisional"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive map of the traditional musical instruments of the Nusantara archipelago — from the gongs and metallophones of Java to the bamboo flutes of Sulawesi, each instrument a voice in the archipelago's sonic symphony.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛传统乐器的完整地图——从爪哇的锣和金属木琴到苏拉威西的竹笛，每种乐器都是群岛声交响乐中的一个声音。", "id": "Peta komprehensif alat musik tradisional Nusantara — dari gong dan metalofon Jawa hingga suling bambu Sulawesi, setiap instrumen adalah suara dalam simfoni sonik Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "music", "instruments", "gamelan", "angklung", "java", "bali", "sulawesi"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/traditional-musical-instruments"}, {"id": "traditional top", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Traditional Top", "zh": "传统陀螺", "id": "Gasing Tradisional"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional spinning top game of the Nusantara archipelago — a craft, a sport, and a philosophy, where the spinning of the top represents the balance of the world and the harmony of the three realms.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统陀螺游戏——一项手艺、一项运动、一种哲学，陀螺的旋转代表着世界的平衡与三界的和谐。", "id": "Permainan gasing tradisional Nusantara — kerajinan, olahraga, dan filosofi, di mana putaran gasing mewakili keseimbangan dunia dan harmoni tiga alam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "game", "traditional", "top", "gasing", "java", "bali", "rwa-bhineda"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/traditional-top"}, {"id": "traditional-markets", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Traditional Markets", "zh": "印尼传统市场", "id": "Pasar Tradisional"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional markets of the Nusantara archipelago — vibrant centers of trade, social life, and spiritual exchange, where the rhythms of commerce and the pulsing of the 210-day contract converge.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的传统市场——充满活力的贸易、社会生活和精神交流中心，商业节奏与210天契约的脉搏在此交汇。", "id": "Pasar tradisional kepulauan Nusantara — pusat perdagangan, kehidupan sosial, dan pertukaran spiritual yang dinamis, di mana ritme perdagangan dan denyut kontrak 210 hari bertemu."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "market", "trade", "tradition", "community", "javanese", "balinese", "economic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/traditional-markets"}, {"id": "ulos", "module": "05_culture", "type": "textile", "name": {"en": "Ulos", "zh": "乌洛斯布", "id": "Ulos"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional handwoven cloth of the Batak people — a sacred textile that marks the most important moments of life, from birth to death, and binds the family together.", "zh": "巴塔克族的传统手工编织布——一种神圣的织物，标记从出生到死亡最重要的生命时刻，将家族凝聚在一起。", "id": "Kain tenun tangan tradisional masyarakat Batak — kain sakral yang menandai momen terpenting dalam hidup, dari lahir hingga mati, dan mengikat keluarga bersama."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "textile", "batak", "sumatra", "ulos", "tradition", "sacred"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/ulos"}, {"id": "warangka", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Warangka (Javanese Keris Sheath)", "zh": "瓦朗卡（克里斯剑鞘）", "id": "Warangka"}, "summary": {"en": "The wooden sheath of the keris—not merely a cover but a vessel that completes the blade's spiritual journey, carved from sacred woods and shaped to honor the cosmic order, where the keris rests when it is not in the hand of its wielder.", "zh": "克里斯的木质剑鞘——不仅是保护套，更是完成剑刃灵性之旅的容器，由圣木雕刻而成，形状以敬奉宇宙秩序，是克里斯不在持剑者手中时的安息之处。", "id": "Sarung kayu dari keris—bukan sekadar penutup tetapi wadah yang melengkapi perjalanan spiritual bilah, diukir dari kayu suci dan dibentuk untuk menghormati tatanan kosmik, tempat keris beristirahat ketika tidak berada di tangan pemegangnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["art", "javanese", "keris", "warangka", "craftsmanship", "tradition", "spiritual", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/warangka"}, {"id": "wayang golek", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Wayang Golek", "zh": "木偶戏", "id": "Wayang Golek"}, "summary": {"en": "The wooden puppet theater of West Java — a tradition of Sundanese storytelling, where wooden puppets with articulated arms and heads perform the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics, accompanied by gamelan music.", "zh": "西爪哇的木偶剧——巽他族说书传统，带有可活动手臂和头部的木制偶人表演罗摩衍那和摩诃婆罗多史诗，配以甘美兰音乐。", "id": "Teater boneka kayu Jawa Barat — tradisi bercerita Sunda, di mana boneka kayu dengan lengan dan kepala yang dapat digerakkan memerankan epos Ramayana dan Mahabharata, diiringi musik gamelan."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "wayang-golek", "sunda", "java", "puppetry", "epic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/wayang-golek"}, {"id": "wayang topeng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "performing_arts", "name": {"en": "Wayang Topeng", "zh": "面具哇扬", "id": "Wayang Topeng"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese masked theater — a dance-drama performance where actors wear masks and perform stories from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, often accompanied by gamelan music.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇面具剧场——一种舞剧表演，演员戴着面具演绎罗摩衍那和摩诃婆罗多的故事，常配以甘美兰音乐。", "id": "Teater topeng tradisional Jawa — pertunjukan drama-tari di mana aktor memakai topeng dan menampilkan cerita dari Ramayana dan Mahabharata, sering diiringi musik gamelan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "performing-arts", "wayang", "mask-theater", "java", "traditional", "ramayana", "mahabharata"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/wayang-topeng"}, {"id": "wayang-deep-dive", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Wayang Kulit — A Deep Dive", "zh": "哇扬皮影戏——深度解析", "id": "Wayang Kulit — Pendalaman"}, "summary": {"en": "The shadow puppet theater of the Nusantara archipelago — a profound synthesis of art, philosophy, and spirituality, where the puppet master (dalang) channels the gods through shadow and light, and the stories of the Mahabharata and Ramayana become living maps of the cosmic order.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的影子皮影戏——艺术、哲学与灵性的深刻综合体，木偶大师（达朗）通过影与光传递众神，《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》的故事成为宇宙秩序的活地图。", "id": "Teater bayangan kepulauan Nusantara — sintesis mendalam seni, filsafat, dan spiritualitas, di mana dalang menyalurkan para dewa melalui bayangan dan cahaya, dan kisah Mahabharata dan Ramayana menjadi peta hidup tatanan kosmik."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "wayang", "shadow-puppetry", "dalang", "mahabharata", "ramayana", "javanese", "balinese"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/wayang-deep-dive"}, {"id": "wayang-golek", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Wayang Golek", "zh": "哇扬戈莱克（木偶戏）", "id": "Wayang Golek"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Sundanese puppet theatre from West Java, featuring three-dimensional wooden puppets manipulated by a dalang (puppeteer)—a performance art that tells stories from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and local folklore, using intricate puppets, gamelan music, and the voice of the dalang to bring the characters to life.", "zh": "西爪哇传统的巽他木偶戏，以三维木偶为特色，由达朗（木偶师）操纵——一种表演艺术，讲述《罗摩衍那》、《摩诃婆罗多》和当地民间传说的故事，使用精美的木偶、甘美兰音乐和达朗的声音让角色栩栩如生。", "id": "Sebuah teater boneka tradisional Sunda dari Jawa Barat, menampilkan boneka kayu tiga dimensi yang dimanipulasi oleh seorang dalang—sebuah seni pertunjukan yang menceritakan kisah dari Ramayana, Mahabharata, dan cerita rakyat lokal, menggunakan boneka yang rumit, musik gamelan, dan suara dalang untuk menghidupkan karakter."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["art", "puppet", "theatre", "sundanese", "tradition", "performance", "culture", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/wayang-golek"}, {"id": "wayang-kulit", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Wayang Kulit", "zh": "皮影戏", "id": "Wayang Kulit"}, "summary": {"en": "Traditional shadow puppet theatre of Java and Bali, recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage.", "zh": "爪哇和巴厘的传统皮影戏，2003 年被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口头和非物质文化遗产代表作”。以《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩衍那》为主要剧目。", "id": "Teater wayang kulit tradisional Jawa dan Bali, diakui UNESCO sebagai Karya Agung Warisan Budaya Lisan dan Nonbendawi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 124, "tags": ["art", "puppet", "javanese", "balinese", "unesco", "storytelling"], "url": "./library/05_culture/arts/wayang-kulit"}, {"id": "Jahe", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Jahe", "zh": "姜（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Jahe"}, "summary": {"en": "A widely used spice and medicine in Indonesian cuisine — fresh ginger with a warm, pungent flavor, used in soups, curries, herbal drinks, and traditional medicine.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中广泛使用的香料和药材——新鲜姜，具有温暖辛辣的风味，用于汤、咖喱、草药饮品和传统医学中。", "id": "Rempah dan obat yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — jahe segar dengan rasa hangat dan pedas, digunakan dalam sup, kari, minuman herbal, dan pengobatan tradisional."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "medicinal", "traditional", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/Jahe"}, {"id": "ayam betutu", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Ayam Betutu", "zh": "巴厘岛烤鸡", "id": "Ayam Betutu"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Balinese dish of whole chicken slow-cooked in a rich blend of spices known as base genep, wrapped in banana leaves and steamed or roasted until tender—a culinary masterpiece that originated in the Majapahit era, was once reserved for kings and royalty, and is now recognized as Indonesia's Intangible Cultural Heritage.", "zh": "一道传统的巴厘岛菜肴，整鸡用被称为base genep的丰富香料混合物慢煮，包裹在香蕉叶中蒸或烤至嫩滑——这道烹饪杰作起源于满者伯夷时代，曾专供国王和皇室享用，现已被认定为印度尼西亚非物质文化遗产。", "id": "Hidangan tradisional Bali berupa ayam utuh yang dimasak perlahan dalam campuran rempah kaya yang dikenal sebagai base genep, dibungkus daun pisang dan dikukus atau dipanggang hingga empuk—sebuah mahakarya kuliner yang berasal dari era Majapahit, dulunya diperuntukkan bagi raja dan bangsawan, dan kini diakui sebagai Warisan Budaya Tak Benda Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "bali", "ayam-betutu", "traditional-food", "intangible-heritage", "spice", "ritual", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/ayam-betutu"}, {"id": "babi guling", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Babi Guling", "zh": "烤乳猪（巴厘）", "id": "Babi Guling"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese roast suckling pig — a ceremonial dish of great significance in Balinese Hindu culture, served at weddings, temple festivals, and other important occasions, and a symbol of abundance and celebration.", "zh": "巴厘烤乳猪——在巴厘印度教文化中具有重要意义的仪式菜肴，在婚礼、寺庙庆典和其他重要场合供应，是丰盛和庆祝的象征。", "id": "Babi guling Bali — hidangan seremonial yang sangat penting dalam budaya Hindu Bali, disajikan di pernikahan, festival pura, dan acara penting lainnya, dan simbol kelimpahan dan perayaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "bali", "ceremonial", "pork", "hindu-bali"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/babi-guling"}, {"id": "babi-guling 1", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Babi Guling", "zh": "巴厘岛烤乳猪", "id": "Babi Guling"}, "summary": {"en": "Bali's most iconic pork dish—a whole suckling pig stuffed with a rich blend of spices and slow-roasted over an open fire until the skin crackles and the meat melts off the bone, traditionally served at temple ceremonies, family celebrations, and as a beloved street food that has become synonymous with Balinese culinary culture.", "zh": "巴厘岛最具标志性的猪肉菜肴——整只乳猪填入丰富的香料混合物，在明火上慢烤至皮脆肉嫩，传统上用于寺庙仪式、家庭庆典，也是一种深受喜爱的小吃，已成为巴厘烹饪文化的代名词。", "id": "Hidangan babi paling ikonik di Bali—seekor babi guling utuh yang diisi dengan campuran rempah yang kaya dan dipanggang perlahan di atas api terbuka hingga kulitnya renyah dan dagingnya lumer, secara tradisional disajikan di upacara pura, perayaan keluarga, dan sebagai makanan jalanan yang dicintai yang telah menjadi identik dengan budaya kuliner Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["cuisine", "bali", "babi-guling", "pork", "traditional-food", "ritual-food", "street-food", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/babi-guling-1"}, {"id": "babi-guling", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Babi Guling", "zh": "烤乳猪", "id": "Babi Guling"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Balinese roast suckling pig dish—a whole pig marinated with a blend of spices, herbs, and coconut milk, then roasted until crispy, served at ceremonial feasts and special occasions, one of Bali's most celebrated culinary traditions.", "zh": "一道传统的巴厘烤乳猪菜肴——整猪用香料、草药和椰奶腌制，然后烤至酥脆，在仪式盛宴和特殊场合食用，是巴厘最著名的烹饪传统之一。", "id": "Hidangan babi guling tradisional Bali—babi utuh yang direndam dengan campuran rempah-rempah, rempah segar, dan santan, kemudian dipanggang hingga renyah, disajikan dalam perjamuan upacara dan acara khusus, salah satu tradisi kuliner Bali yang paling terkenal."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "babi-guling", "bali", "roast-pork", "ceremonial", "iconic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/babi-guling"}, {"id": "bakso", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Bakso", "zh": "肉丸汤", "id": "Bakso"}, "summary": {"en": "A beloved Indonesian meatball soup — a street food staple consisting of beef or chicken meatballs served in a flavorful broth with noodles, tofu, and vegetables, enjoyed by people of all ages across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种深受喜爱的印尼肉丸汤——一道街头美食，由牛肉或鸡肉丸子在鲜美的汤中搭配面条、豆腐和蔬菜而成，深受群岛各地各年龄段人群的喜爱。", "id": "Sup bakso Indonesia yang dicintai — makanan jalanan yang terdiri dari bakso sapi atau ayam yang disajikan dalam kaldu beraroma dengan mi, tahu, dan sayuran, dinikmati oleh semua kalangan di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "street-food", "meatballs", "soup", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/bakso"}, {"id": "bandrek", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Bandrek", "zh": "班德雷克（巽他传统姜饮）", "id": "Bandrek"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Sundanese ginger drink — a warm and spicy beverage made from ginger, palm sugar, and spices, a popular remedy for colds and a comforting drink in the cool highlands of West Java.", "zh": "一种传统的巽他姜饮——由生姜、棕榈糖和香料制成的温热辛辣饮品，是治疗感冒的常用饮品，也是西爪哇凉爽高地的暖心热饮。", "id": "Minuman jahe tradisional Sunda — minuman hangat dan pedas yang terbuat dari jahe, gula aren, dan rempah-rempah, obat populer untuk pilek dan minuman yang nyaman di dataran tinggi sejuk Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sunda", "west-java", "beverage", "ginger", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/bandrek"}, {"id": "coconut-milk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Coconut Milk (Santan)", "zh": "椰奶（桑坦）", "id": "Santan"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, creamy, and aromatic liquid extracted from the grated meat of mature coconuts—the very soul of Nusantara cuisine, serving as the foundation for countless dishes across the archipelago, from rich curries and stews to desserts and beverages.", "zh": "一种从成熟椰子的碎果肉中提取的浓郁、奶油状、芳香的液体——努山塔拉美食的灵魂，作为群岛无数菜肴的基础，从浓郁的咖喱和炖菜到甜点和饮料。", "id": "Cairan kaya, lembut, dan aromatik yang diekstrak dari daging kelapa parut—jiwa sejati masakan Nusantara, berfungsi sebagai fondasi bagi tak terhitung hidangan di seluruh Nusantara, dari kari dan semur yang kaya hingga makanan penutup dan minuman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["cuisine", "ingredient", "coconut", "santan", "dairy-alternative", "traditional-ingredient", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/coconut-milk"}, {"id": "daun jeruk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Daun Jeruk", "zh": "青柠叶（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Daun Jeruk"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant leaf widely used in Indonesian cuisine — a kaffir lime leaf with a citrusy aroma, used in soups, curries, and rice dishes.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中广泛使用的芳香叶子——一种带有柑橘香气的青柠叶，用于汤、咖喱和米饭菜肴中。", "id": "Daun harum yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — daun jeruk purut dengan aroma jeruk, digunakan dalam sup, kari, dan hidangan nasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "leaf", "traditional", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/daun-jeruk"}, {"id": "daun salam", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Daun Salam", "zh": "月桂叶（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Daun Salam"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant leaf used in Indonesian cuisine — an essential spice in Javanese cooking, often added to soups, curries, and rice dishes for its distinctive aroma.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中使用的芳香叶子——爪哇烹饪中必不可少的香料，常加入汤、咖喱和米饭菜肴中以增添独特的香气。", "id": "Daun harum yang digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — rempah penting dalam masakan Jawa, sering ditambahkan ke sup, kari, dan hidangan nasi untuk aromanya yang khas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "leaf", "traditional", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/daun-salam"}, {"id": "daun-jeruk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Kaffir Lime Leaf (Daun Jeruk)", "zh": "柠檬叶", "id": "Daun Jeruk"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant leaf from the kaffir lime tree, widely used in Indonesian cuisine to add a distinctive citrus aroma—an essential ingredient in traditional cooking, herbal medicine, and spiritual practices across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种来自马蜂橙树的芳香叶片，广泛用于印度尼西亚菜肴中，增添独特的柑橘香气——群岛各地传统烹饪、草药医学和灵性实践中的必备食材。", "id": "Daun aromatik dari pohon jeruk purut, digunakan secara luas dalam masakan Indonesia untuk menambah aroma jeruk yang khas—bahan penting dalam masakan tradisional, pengobatan herbal, dan praktik spiritual di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["cuisine", "ingredient", "spice", "aroma", "tradition", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/daun-jeruk"}, {"id": "daun-salam", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Bay Leaf (Daun Salam)", "zh": "月桂叶（印尼月桂叶）", "id": "Daun Salam"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant leaf from the Indonesian bay tree, widely used in Javanese and Sundanese cuisine to add a subtle earthy aroma—an essential ingredient in traditional cooking, herbal medicine, and spiritual practices across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种来自印尼月桂树的芳香叶片，广泛用于爪哇和巽他菜肴中，增添微妙的泥土香气——群岛各地传统烹饪、草药医学和灵性实践中的必备食材。", "id": "Daun aromatik dari pohon salam Indonesia, digunakan secara luas dalam masakan Jawa dan Sunda untuk menambah aroma tanah yang halus—bahan penting dalam masakan tradisional, pengobatan herbal, dan praktik spiritual di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["cuisine", "ingredient", "spice", "aroma", "javanese", "tradition", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/daun-salam"}, {"id": "dodol", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Dodol", "zh": "糯米糕（传统节日甜点）", "id": "Dodol"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian sweet snack — a sticky, chewy confection made from glutinous rice, coconut milk, and palm sugar, a popular treat during festive occasions such as Eid and Chinese New Year.", "zh": "一种传统的印尼甜点——由糯米、椰奶和棕榈糖制成的粘稠耐嚼的糕点，是开斋节和中国新年等节日场合广受欢迎的甜点。", "id": "Camilan manis tradisional Indonesia — manisan lengket dan kenyal yang terbuat dari beras ketan, santan, dan gula aren, camilan populer selama acara perayaan seperti Lebaran dan Tahun Baru Imlek."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "snack", "festive", "sticky-rice", "traditional", "sweet"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/dodol"}, {"id": "es campur", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Es Campur", "zh": "混合冰", "id": "Es Campur"}, "summary": {"en": "A refreshing Indonesian iced dessert — a mix of fruits, jellies, and other toppings, served with coconut milk, condensed milk, and shaved ice, a colorful and popular treat across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种清爽的印尼冰甜点——水果、果冻和其他配料的混合物，配椰奶、炼乳和刨冰，是一种色彩缤纷、广受欢迎的甜点，遍布群岛。", "id": "Hidangan es pencuci mulut Indonesia yang menyegarkan — campuran buah, agar-agar, dan topping lainnya, disajikan dengan santan, susu kental manis, dan es serut, hidangan penuh warna dan populer di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "dessert", "iced", "fruit", "street-food", "colorful"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/es-campur"}, {"id": "es cendol", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Es Cendol", "zh": "珍多冰", "id": "Es Cendol"}, "summary": {"en": "A refreshing Indonesian iced dessert — green rice flour jelly served with coconut milk, palm sugar syrup, and shaved ice, a popular treat in tropical Indonesia, sold by street vendors across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种清爽的印尼冰甜点——绿色米粉果冻配椰奶、棕榈糖浆和刨冰，是热带印尼广受欢迎的甜点，由群岛各地的街头小贩出售。", "id": "Hidangan es pencuci mulut Indonesia yang menyegarkan — agar-agar tepung beras hijau disajikan dengan santan, sirup gula aren, dan es serut, hidangan populer di Indonesia tropis, dijual oleh pedagang kaki lima di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "dessert", "street-food", "iced", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/es-cendol"}, {"id": "es dawet", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Es Dawet", "zh": "达韦冰（椰奶黑糯米冰）", "id": "Es Dawet"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese iced dessert — black glutinous rice jelly served with coconut milk, palm sugar syrup, and shaved ice, a popular treat in Central Java, especially associated with the city of Solo.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇冰甜点——黑糯米果冻配椰奶、棕榈糖浆和刨冰，是中爪哇广受欢迎的甜点，尤其与梭罗市有关。", "id": "Hidangan es pencuci mulut tradisional Jawa — agar-agar ketan hitam disajikan dengan santan, sirup gula aren, dan es serut, hidangan populer di Jawa Tengah, terutama terkait dengan kota Solo."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "dessert", "street-food", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/es-dawet"}, {"id": "es doger", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Es Doger", "zh": "椰奶冰沙", "id": "Es Doger"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Sundanese iced dessert — a mix of coconut milk, sticky rice, jackfruit, and other toppings, served with shaved ice and sweet syrup, a popular treat in West Java.", "zh": "一种传统的巽他冰甜点——椰奶、糯米、菠萝蜜和其他配料的混合物，配以刨冰和甜糖浆，是西爪哇广受欢迎的甜点。", "id": "Hidangan es pencuci mulut tradisional Sunda — campuran santan, beras ketan, nangka, dan topping lainnya, disajikan dengan es serut dan sirup manis, hidangan populer di Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sunda", "west-java", "dessert", "iced", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/es-doger"}, {"id": "es kelapa muda", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Es Kelapa Muda", "zh": "嫩椰冰", "id": "Es Kelapa Muda"}, "summary": {"en": "A refreshing Indonesian iced drink — young coconut water and flesh served with ice, a simple and natural thirst-quencher found across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种清爽的印尼冰饮——嫩椰水与椰肉配冰块，是群岛各地常见的天然解渴饮品。", "id": "Minuman es Indonesia yang menyegarkan — air kelapa muda dan daging kelapa disajikan dengan es, pelepas dahaga alami yang sederhana dan ditemukan di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "beverage", "coconut", "street-drink", "refreshing"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/es-kelapa-muda"}, {"id": "gado-gado", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Gado-Gado", "zh": "加多加多", "id": "Gado-Gado"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese vegetable salad with peanut sauce — a dish that embodies the \"mixed\" character of Indonesian cuisine, eaten as a main, side, or street snack.", "zh": "爪哇花生酱蔬菜沙拉——体现印尼“混合”特色的菜肴，可作主菜、配菜或街头小吃。", "id": "Salad sayur Jawa dengan saus kacang — hidangan yang mewujudkan karakter \"campur aduk\" masakan Indonesia, dimakan sebagai hidangan utama, lauk, atau camilan jalanan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "vegetarian", "peanut-sauce", "street-food", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/gado-gado"}, {"id": "gethuk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Gethuk", "zh": "格图克（木薯糕）", "id": "Gethuk"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese snack made from cassava — steamed cassava mashed with palm sugar and grated coconut, often served as a sweet treat and a favorite in Central Java.", "zh": "一种由木薯制成的传统爪哇小吃——蒸熟的木薯与棕榈糖和椰蓉捣碎混合，常作为甜点食用，是中爪哇的最爱。", "id": "Camilan tradisional Jawa yang terbuat dari singkong — singkong kukus dihaluskan dengan gula aren dan parutan kelapa, sering disajikan sebagai hidangan manis dan favorit di Jawa Tengah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "snack", "cassava", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/gethuk"}, {"id": "getuk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Getuk", "zh": "格图克（木薯糕）", "id": "Getuk"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese snack made from cassava — steamed cassava mashed with palm sugar and grated coconut, often served as a sweet treat and a favorite in Central Java.", "zh": "一种由木薯制成的传统爪哇小吃——蒸熟的木薯与棕榈糖和椰蓉捣碎混合，常作为甜点食用，是中爪哇的最爱。", "id": "Camilan tradisional Jawa yang terbuat dari singkong — singkong kukus dihaluskan dengan gula aren dan parutan kelapa, sering disajikan sebagai hidangan manis dan favorit di Jawa Tengah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "snack", "cassava", "traditional", "central-java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/getuk"}, {"id": "gudeg", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Gudeg", "zh": "古德格（日惹）", "id": "Gudeg"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese dish from Yogyakarta — a sweet and savory stew of young jackfruit cooked in coconut milk with palm sugar and spices, served with rice, chicken, and hard-boiled eggs.", "zh": "一种来自日惹的传统爪哇菜肴——一种用椰奶、棕榈糖和香料烹制的甜咸嫩菠萝蜜炖菜，配米饭、鸡肉和水煮蛋食用。", "id": "Hidangan tradisional Jawa dari Yogyakarta — semur manis dan gurih dari nangka muda yang dimasak dengan santan, gula aren, dan rempah-rempah, disajikan dengan nasi, ayam, dan telur rebus."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "yogyakarta", "java", "jackfruit", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/gudeg"}, {"id": "gulai", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Gulai (Indonesian Curry)", "zh": "古莱（印尼式咖喱）", "id": "Gulai"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and aromatic Indonesian stew characterized by its yellow, coconut milk-based gravy and bold spice blend—often described as a \"minimalist curry\" that relies on fresh aromatics rather than dried spices, originating from Sumatra and now found throughout the archipelago.", "zh": "一种浓郁芳香的印尼炖菜，以其黄色椰奶汤汁和浓郁的香料混合为特征——常被描述为一种依赖新鲜香料而非干香料的“极简咖喱”，起源于苏门答腊，如今遍布整个群岛。", "id": "Semur Indonesia yang kaya dan aromatik dengan kuah santan kuning dan campuran rempah yang berani—sering digambarkan sebagai \"kari minimalis\" yang mengandalkan aromatik segar daripada rempah kering, berasal dari Sumatra dan sekarang ditemukan di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["cuisine", "curry", "coconut-milk", "sumatra", "traditional", "minangkabau", "gulai", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/gulai"}, {"id": "ikan bakar", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Ikan Bakar", "zh": "烤鱼", "id": "Ikan Bakar"}, "summary": {"en": "A popular Indonesian grilled fish dish — fresh fish marinated in spices and grilled over charcoal, served with rice, sambal, and vegetables, a staple of coastal communities across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种广受欢迎的印尼烤鱼——新鲜鱼用香料腌制后在炭火上烤制，配米饭、参巴和蔬菜食用，是群岛各地沿海社区的主食。", "id": "Hidangan ikan bakar Indonesia yang populer — ikan segar direndam dalam rempah-rempah dan dipanggang di atas arang, disajikan dengan nasi, sambal, dan sayuran, makanan pokok masyarakat pesisir di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "fish", "seafood", "street-food", "coastal"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/ikan-bakar"}, {"id": "ikan gurami", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Ikan Gurami", "zh": "鲈鱼（印尼传统鱼类）", "id": "Ikan Gurami"}, "summary": {"en": "A popular freshwater fish in Indonesian cuisine — a firm, white-fleshed fish often grilled, fried, or cooked in soups and curries, a favorite in Sundanese and Javanese cuisine.", "zh": "印尼菜系中一种受欢迎的淡水鱼——一种肉质紧实的白肉鱼，常烤制、油炸或用于汤和咖喱中，是巽他和爪哇菜系的最爱。", "id": "Ikan air tawar yang populer dalam masakan Indonesia — ikan berdaging putih dan padat yang sering dipanggang, digoreng, atau dimasak dalam sup dan kari, favorit dalam masakan Sunda dan Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "fish", "freshwater", "seafood", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/ikan-gurami"}, {"id": "indonesian-cuisine", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Cuisine", "zh": "印尼饮食文化", "id": "Masakan Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The culinary traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — a symphony of spices, rice, and coconut, shaped by trade, geography, and the spiritual belief that food is not merely sustenance but a bridge between the human and divine worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的烹饪传统——一场由香料、大米和椰子构成的交响曲，由贸易、地理和“食物不仅是滋养，更是人与神界之间的桥梁”的精神信仰所塑造。", "id": "Tradisi kuliner kepulauan Nusantara — simfoni rempah, nasi, dan kelapa, dibentuk oleh perdagangan, geografi, dan kepercayaan spiritual bahwa makanan bukan sekadar rezeki tetapi jembatan antara dunia manusia dan ilahi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 27, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "food", "rice", "spices", "coconut", "javanese", "balinese"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/indonesian-cuisine"}, {"id": "jamu-gendong", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Jamu Gendong", "zh": "佳木街头草药小贩", "id": "Jamu Gendong"}, "summary": {"en": "The iconic women of Java who carry baskets of herbal elixirs on their backs, walking through villages and cities with a gentle call—they are not just vendors but guardians of a thousand-year-old tradition, healers of the everyday, and keepers of the memory of the plants.", "zh": "背着草药灵药篮穿行于村庄与城市的爪哇标志性女性——她们不仅是小贩，更是千年传统的守护者、日常生活的疗愈师和植物记忆的保管者。", "id": "Wanita ikonik Jawa yang membawa bakul berisi ramuan herbal di punggung mereka, berjalan melalui desa dan kota dengan panggilan lembut—mereka bukan sekadar pedagang tetapi penjaga tradisi berusia seribu tahun, penyembuh sehari-hari, dan penjaga ingatan tanaman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["cuisine", "jamu", "traditional-medicine", "javanese", "herbal", "culture", "street-food", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/jamu-gendong"}, {"id": "jamu-herbal", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Jamu Herbal (Traditional Herbal Brew)", "zh": "佳木草药（传统草药饮）", "id": "Jamu Herbal"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian herbal brew made from natural roots, leaves, fruits, and spices—a daily wellness ritual that has been passed down through generations, offering both physical health benefits and spiritual grounding.", "zh": "一种由天然根、叶、果实和香料制成的传统印尼草药饮——一种代代相传的日常养生仪式，既提供身体健康益处，也带来灵性的扎根。", "id": "Ramuan herbal tradisional Indonesia yang terbuat dari akar, daun, buah, dan rempah alami—ritual kesehatan harian yang telah diwariskan turun-temurun, menawarkan manfaat kesehatan fisik dan landasan spiritual."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "jamu", "herbal", "beverage", "tradition", "wellness", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/jamu-herbal"}, {"id": "kencur", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Kencur", "zh": "香姜（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Kencur"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant rhizome widely used in Indonesian cuisine and traditional medicine — a type of aromatic ginger with a sharp, spicy flavor, used in herbal drinks, soups, and spice pastes.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系和传统医学中广泛使用的芳香根茎——一种带有尖锐辛辣风味的芳香姜类植物，用于草药饮品、汤和香料酱中。", "id": "Rimpang harum yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia dan pengobatan tradisional — jenis jahe aromatik dengan rasa pedas yang tajam, digunakan dalam minuman herbal, sup, dan pasta rempah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "rhizome", "traditional", "medicinal"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/kencur"}, {"id": "kerak telor", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Kerak Telor", "zh": "脆皮蛋饼（巴达维）", "id": "Kerak Telor"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Betawi savory pancake — a crispy omelette made from eggs, glutinous rice, and dried shrimp, cooked over charcoal and served with grated coconut and fried shallots, a popular street food in Jakarta.", "zh": "一种传统的巴达维咸味煎饼——由鸡蛋、糯米和干虾制成的脆皮煎蛋，在炭火上烹制，配椰蓉和炸红葱食用，是雅加达流行的街头食品。", "id": "Pancake gurih Betawi tradisional — telur dadar renyah yang terbuat dari telur, beras ketan, dan udang kering, dimasak di atas arang dan disajikan dengan parutan kelapa dan bawang goreng, makanan jalanan populer di Jakarta."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "betawi", "jakarta", "street-food", "savory", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/kerak-telor"}, {"id": "ketoprak", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Ketoprak", "zh": "凯托普拉克", "id": "Ketoprak"}, "summary": {"en": "A Betawi street food from Jakarta — a mixed salad of tofu, rice cake, bean sprouts, and vermicelli, served with a sweet peanut sauce and fried shallots, a favorite snack in the capital.", "zh": "一种来自雅加达的巴达维街头美食——由豆腐、米糕、豆芽和米粉混合而成的沙拉，配以甜花生酱和炸红葱，是首都广受欢迎的小吃。", "id": "Makanan jalanan Betawi dari Jakarta — salad campuran tahu, lontong, tauge, dan bihun, disajikan dengan saus kacang manis dan bawang goreng, camilan favorit di ibukota."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "betawi", "jakarta", "street-food", "peanut-sauce"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/ketoprak"}, {"id": "klepon", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Klepon", "zh": "克莱蓬（椰糖糯米球）", "id": "Klepon"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese sweet snack — glutinous rice balls filled with palm sugar, rolled in grated coconut, and served as a delightful treat with a burst of sweetness in every bite.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇甜点——糯米团包裹棕榈糖，裹上椰蓉，每一口都爆发出甜蜜的惊喜。", "id": "Camilan manis tradisional Jawa — bola ketan berisi gula aren, digulung dengan parutan kelapa, dan disajikan sebagai hidangan menyenangkan dengan ledakan manis di setiap gigitan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "snack", "sticky-rice", "palm-sugar", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/klepon"}, {"id": "kuah-beulangong", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Kuah Beulangong (Acehnese Communal Curry)", "zh": "库阿·贝朗贡（亚齐社区咖喱）", "id": "Kuah Beulangong"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, traditional Acehnese communal curry made with beef or goat in a fragrant coconut milk broth, infused with local spices and herbs—a dish of profound cultural significance, served during communal feasts, Islamic celebrations, and community gatherings, embodying the spirit of Acehnese hospitality and solidarity.", "zh": "一道以牛肉或山羊肉在香浓椰奶汤汁中烹制的传统亚齐社区咖喱，以当地香料和香草调味——一道具有深远文化意义的菜肴，在社区盛宴、伊斯兰庆典和社区聚会上供应，体现了亚齐人的好客与团结精神。", "id": "Kari komunal tradisional Aceh yang kaya, dibuat dengan daging sapi atau kambing dalam kuah santan yang harum, dibumbui dengan rempah dan herba lokal—hidangan dengan makna budaya yang mendalam, disajikan selama perjamuan komunal, perayaan Islam, dan pertemuan masyarakat, mewujudkan semangat keramahtamahan dan solidaritas Aceh."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "aceh", "curry", "coconut-milk", "communal-dish", "islamic-tradition", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/kuah-beulangong"}, {"id": "kunyit", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Kunyit", "zh": "姜黄（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Kunyit"}, "summary": {"en": "A bright yellow rhizome widely used in Indonesian cuisine and traditional medicine — a spice with a warm, earthy flavor, used in soups, curries, rice dishes, and herbal drinks.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系和传统医学中广泛使用的亮黄色根茎——一种带有温暖泥土风味的香料，用于汤、咖喱、米饭菜肴和草药饮品中。", "id": "Rimpang kuning cerah yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia dan pengobatan tradisional — rempah dengan rasa hangat dan bersahaja, digunakan dalam sup, kari, hidangan nasi, dan minuman herbal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "rhizome", "traditional", "medicinal"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/kunyit"}, {"id": "lapis legit", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Lapis Legit", "zh": "千层蛋糕", "id": "Lapis Legit"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, layered Indonesian cake — a dense, buttery cake with multiple thin layers, baked layer by layer, often served during festive occasions such as Eid, Christmas, and Chinese New Year.", "zh": "一种浓郁、分层的印尼蛋糕——一种紧实、黄油味的蛋糕，有多层薄层，逐层烘烤，常在开斋节、圣诞节和中国新年等节日场合食用。", "id": "Kue lapis Indonesia yang kaya dan berlapis — kue mentega padat dengan banyak lapisan tipis, dipanggang lapis demi lapis, sering disajikan selama acara-acara perayaan seperti Lebaran, Natal, dan Tahun Baru Imlek."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "cake", "festive", "colonial", "indonesian"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/lapis-legit"}, {"id": "lengkuas", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Lengkuas", "zh": "高良姜（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Lengkuas"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant rhizome widely used in Indonesian cuisine — a type of galangal with a sharp, spicy flavor, used in soups, curries, and spice pastes.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中广泛使用的芳香根茎——一种带有尖锐辛辣风味的高良姜，用于汤、咖喱和香料酱中。", "id": "Rimpang harum yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — jenis lengkuas dengan rasa pedas yang tajam, digunakan dalam sup, kari, dan pasta rempah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "rhizome", "traditional", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/lengkuas"}, {"id": "lepet", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Lepet", "zh": "勒佩特（糯米椰蓉卷）", "id": "Lepet"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese snack — sticky rice cooked with grated coconut, wrapped in banana leaves and steamed, often served as a side dish or dessert.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇小吃——糯米饭与椰蓉一起烹制，包裹在香蕉叶中蒸熟，常作为配菜或甜点食用。", "id": "Camilan tradisional Jawa — nasi ketan yang dimasak dengan parutan kelapa, dibungkus daun pisang dan dikukus, sering disajikan sebagai lauk atau makanan penutup."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "snack", "sticky-rice", "coconut"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/lepet"}, {"id": "mata kucing", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Mata Kucing", "zh": "猫眼果（南洋水果）", "id": "Mata Kucing"}, "summary": {"en": "A tropical fruit from Indonesia — a small, sweet fruit native to Southeast Asia, similar to longan, often eaten fresh or used in desserts and iced drinks.", "zh": "一种来自印尼的热带水果——一种原产于东南亚的小型甜水果，类似龙眼，常鲜食或用于甜点和冰饮中。", "id": "Buah tropis dari Indonesia — buah manis kecil asli Asia Tenggara, mirip dengan lengkeng, sering dimakan segar atau digunakan dalam makanan penutup dan minuman es."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "fruit", "tropical", "ingredient", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/mata-kucing"}, {"id": "mie-aceh", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Mie Aceh (Acehnese Noodle)", "zh": "亚齐炒面", "id": "Mie Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A signature noodle dish from Aceh, characterized by its thick, yellow noodles in a rich, spicy, and aromatic curry-like broth—a culinary symbol of Acehnese identity, reflecting the region's history of trade, Islamic faith, and maritime connections.", "zh": "一道源自亚齐的标志性面食，以粗黄色面条配以浓郁、辛辣、芳香的咖喱式汤汁为特色——亚齐认同的烹饪象征，反映了该地区贸易、伊斯兰信仰和海洋联系的历史。", "id": "Hidangan mie khas Aceh, dicirikan oleh mie kuning tebalnya dalam kuah kaya, pedas, dan aromatik seperti kari—simbol kuliner identitas Aceh, mencerminkan sejarah perdagangan, iman Islam, dan hubungan maritim wilayah tersebut."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["cuisine", "aceh", "noodle", "seafood", "beef", "curry", "iconic", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/mie-aceh"}, {"id": "mie-goreng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Mie Goreng", "zh": "印尼炒面", "id": "Mie Goreng"}, "summary": {"en": "A popular Indonesian fried noodle dish—made with yellow noodles, sweet soy sauce, shallots, garlic, chili, and a choice of protein, often served with a fried egg and a side of pickles, a staple of street food across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种受欢迎的印尼炒面——由黄色面条、甜酱油、红葱头、大蒜、辣椒和选择蛋白质配菜制成，常配煎蛋和腌菜，是群岛各地街头小吃的主食。", "id": "Hidangan mie goreng populer Indonesia—terbuat dari mie kuning, kecap manis, bawang merah, bawang putih, cabai, dan pilihan protein, sering disajikan dengan telur goreng dan acar, makanan pokok di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "mie-goreng", "noodle", "street-food", "iconic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/mie-goreng"}, {"id": "minangkabau-cuisine", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Minangkabau Cuisine", "zh": "米南加保菜肴", "id": "Masakan Minangkabau"}, "summary": {"en": "A fiery, coconut-rich culinary tradition from the highlands of West Sumatra—the cuisine of the merantau people, whose dishes have traveled across the archipelago with their migrants, carrying the taste of home and the memory of the ancestors in every spice.", "zh": "西苏门答腊高地的一种辛辣、椰奶丰富的烹饪传统——漂泊民族的菜肴，其菜品随着移民传遍整个群岛，在每一味香料中承载着家的味道和祖先的记忆。", "id": "Tradisi kuliner pedas dan kaya santan dari dataran tinggi Sumatra Barat—masakan orang merantau, yang hidangannya telah menyebar ke seluruh Nusantara bersama para perantau, membawa rasa rumah dan ingatan leluhur dalam setiap rempah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["cuisine", "minangkabau", "sumatra", "rendang", "nasi-padang", "gulai", "coconut-milk", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/minangkabau-cuisine"}, {"id": "nasi gandul", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Gandul", "zh": "甘都饭（中爪哇椰浆饭）", "id": "Nasi Gandul"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese rice dish from Pati, Central Java — rice cooked in coconut milk and served with a rich beef or chicken curry, a hearty meal popular in the northern coast of Java.", "zh": "一种来自中爪哇巴蒂的传统爪哇米饭——用椰奶烹制的米饭，配以浓郁的牛肉或鸡肉咖喱，是爪哇北岸广受欢迎的丰盛餐食。", "id": "Hidangan nasi tradisional Jawa dari Pati, Jawa Tengah — nasi yang dimasak dengan santan dan disajikan dengan kari sapi atau ayam yang kaya, hidangan mengenyangkan yang populer di pesisir utara Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "central-java", "rice", "curry", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-gandul"}, {"id": "nasi kucing", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Kucing", "zh": "猫饭（日惹特色）", "id": "Nasi Kucing"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese rice dish from Yogyakarta — a small portion of rice with a side of vegetables and proteins, wrapped in a banana leaf, a popular street food and budget-friendly meal.", "zh": "一种来自日惹的传统爪哇米饭——一小份米饭配以蔬菜和蛋白质配菜，包裹在香蕉叶中，是一种广受欢迎的街头食品和经济实惠的餐食。", "id": "Hidangan nasi tradisional Jawa dari Yogyakarta — porsi kecil nasi dengan lauk sayuran dan protein, dibungkus daun pisang, makanan jalanan populer dan hidangan ramah anggaran."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "yogyakarta", "java", "street-food", "budget-meal", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-kucing"}, {"id": "nasi liwet", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Liwet", "zh": "利韦饭（梭罗椰浆饭）", "id": "Nasi Liwet"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese rice dish from Solo — rice cooked in coconut milk with shallots, garlic, and salam leaves, served with a variety of side dishes such as chicken, egg, and vegetables.", "zh": "一种来自梭罗的传统爪哇米饭——用椰奶、红葱、大蒜和月桂叶烹制的米饭，配以鸡肉、鸡蛋和蔬菜等各种配菜。", "id": "Hidangan nasi tradisional Jawa dari Solo — nasi yang dimasak dengan santan, bawang merah, bawang putih, dan daun salam, disajikan dengan berbagai lauk seperti ayam, telur, dan sayuran."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "solo", "rice", "coconut-milk", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-liwet"}, {"id": "nasi padang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Padang", "zh": "巴东饭", "id": "Nasi Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "A sumptuous meal from West Sumatra — a spread of dozens of dishes served with rice, eaten with the right hand, and famous for its bold flavors of chili, coconut, and turmeric.", "zh": "西苏门答腊的盛宴——数十道菜肴佐以米饭，用右手享用，以辣椒、椰奶和姜黄的浓郁风味闻名。", "id": "Hidangan mewah dari Sumatera Barat — puluhan hidangan disajikan dengan nasi, dimakan dengan tangan kanan, dan terkenal dengan cita rasa cabai, santan, dan kunyit yang berani."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "padang", "sumatra", "minangkabau", "nasi-padang", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-padang"}, {"id": "nasi rawon", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Rawon", "zh": "拉旺饭", "id": "Nasi Rawon"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional East Javanese black beef soup — a rich and savory dish made with beef and keluak (black nuts), served with rice, bean sprouts, and salted egg, known for its distinctive dark color and deep flavor.", "zh": "一种传统的东爪哇黑色牛肉汤——一道浓郁可口的菜肴，由牛肉和黑果（kluak）制成，配米饭、豆芽和咸蛋食用，以其独特的深色和浓郁风味而闻名。", "id": "Sup sapi hitam tradisional Jawa Timur — hidangan kaya dan gurih yang terbuat dari daging sapi dan kluak (kacang hitam), disajikan dengan nasi, tauge, dan telur asin, dikenal dengan warna gelap dan rasa yang dalam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "east-java", "surabaya", "soup", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-rawon"}, {"id": "nasi tim", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Tim", "zh": "蒸饭", "id": "Nasi Tim"}, "summary": {"en": "A Chinese-Indonesian rice dish — steamed rice served with a flavorful chicken, mushroom, and soy sauce topping, a comfort food found in many Chinese-Indonesian communities across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种华裔印尼米饭——蒸米饭配以美味的鸡肉、蘑菇和酱油浇头，是群岛各地许多华裔社区常见的家常菜。", "id": "Hidangan nasi Tionghoa-Indonesia — nasi kukus disajikan dengan topping ayam, jamur, dan kecap yang beraroma, makanan rumahan yang ditemukan di banyak komunitas Tionghoa-Indonesia di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "chinese-indonesian", "rice", "comfort-food", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-tim"}, {"id": "nasi uduk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Uduk", "zh": "乌督饭", "id": "Nasi Uduk"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant Betawi rice dish cooked in coconut milk — a staple of Jakarta's culinary heritage, served with a variety of side dishes, and a symbol of the cultural richness of the capital.", "zh": "一种用椰奶烹制的芳香巴达维米饭——雅加达烹饪遗产的主食，搭配各种配菜，是首都文化丰富的象征。", "id": "Hidangan nasi Betawi yang harum dimasak dengan santan — makanan pokok warisan kuliner Jakarta, disajikan dengan berbagai lauk, dan simbol kekayaan budaya ibukota."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "betawi", "jakarta", "rice", "coconut-milk"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-uduk"}, {"id": "nasi ulam", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nasi Ulam", "zh": "乌兰饭（雅加达香草饭）", "id": "Nasi Ulam"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Betawi rice dish — steamed rice mixed with a variety of aromatic herbs and spices, often served with fried chicken or fish, and a symbol of the rich culinary heritage of Jakarta.", "zh": "一种传统的巴达维米饭——蒸米饭与各种芳香香草和香料混合，常配炸鸡或炸鱼食用，是雅加达丰富烹饪遗产的象征。", "id": "Hidangan nasi Betawi tradisional — nasi kukus dicampur dengan berbagai rempah dan bumbu aromatik, sering disajikan dengan ayam atau ikan goreng, dan simbol warisan kuliner Jakarta yang kaya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "betawi", "jakarta", "rice", "herbs", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-ulam"}, {"id": "nasi-gandul", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Gandul", "zh": "甘杜尔饭", "id": "Nasi Gandul"}, "summary": {"en": "A richly flavored rice dish from Pati, Central Java—featuring steamed rice topped with tender beef or offal in a savory, slightly sweet, and spicy coconut milk-based soup, distinguished by its unique serving style on banana leaves and its name derived from the swinging motion of traveling vendors' carrying poles.", "zh": "一道源自中爪哇帕蒂的浓郁风味米饭料理——蒸米饭上浇有嫩牛肉或内脏，配以椰奶熬制的咸香微甜微辣汤汁，以其独特的香蕉叶盛装方式和源于小贩挑担摇摆的名称而著称。", "id": "Hidangan nasi kaya rasa dari Pati, Jawa Tengah—nasi kukus dengan irisan daging sapi atau jeroan dalam kuah santan gurih, sedikit manis, dan pedas, dibedakan oleh cara penyajiannya yang unik di atas daun pisang dan namanya yang berasal dari ayunan pikulan pedagang keliling."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "rice-dish", "javanese", "pati", "beef", "soup", "intangible-heritage", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-gandul"}, {"id": "nasi-goreng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Goreng", "zh": "印尼炒饭", "id": "Nasi Goreng"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's iconic fried rice—a versatile and beloved dish made with leftover rice, sweet soy sauce, shallots, garlic, and a selection of accompanying protein, often served with a fried egg and prawn crackers, considered the country's unofficial national dish.", "zh": "印度尼西亚标志性的炒饭——一道由剩米饭、甜酱油、红葱头、大蒜和各种蛋白质配菜制成的百搭且深受喜爱的菜肴，通常配以煎蛋和虾片，被认为是该国非官方的国菜。", "id": "Nasi goreng ikonik Indonesia—hidangan serbaguna dan dicintai yang terbuat dari nasi sisa, kecap manis, bawang merah, bawang putih, dan pilihan protein pendamping, sering disajikan dengan telur goreng dan kerupuk udang, dianggap sebagai hidangan nasional tidak resmi negara ini."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "nasi-goreng", "indonesian-food", "street-food", "comfort-food", "iconic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-goreng"}, {"id": "nasi-padang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Padang", "zh": "巴东饭", "id": "Nasi Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "The most famous expression of Minangkabau cuisine—a feast of rice surrounded by an array of richly spiced dishes, served not as a single meal but as a social ritual, a test of generosity, and a taste of the homeland for the millions of Minangkabau who have left their villages.", "zh": "米南加保菜肴最著名的表达——以米饭为中心的盛宴，周围环绕着各种丰富香料的菜肴，不仅仅是一顿饭，更是一种社会仪式、一种慷慨的考验，也是数百万离乡的米南加保人的家乡味道。", "id": "Ekspresi paling terkenal dari masakan Minangkabau—perjamuan nasi yang dikelilingi oleh berbagai hidangan kaya rempah, disajikan bukan sebagai satu hidangan tetapi sebagai ritual sosial, ujian kemurahan hati, dan rasa kampung halaman bagi jutaan Minangkabau yang telah meninggalkan desa mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["cuisine", "rice-dish", "minangkabau", "padang", "sumatra", "iconic", "feast", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-padang"}, {"id": "nasi-rawon", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Rawon", "zh": "拉翁饭", "id": "Nasi Rawon"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary beef soup dish from East Java, characterized by its distinct black color from the keluak nut—a rich, savory, and slightly nutty broth served over steamed rice, considered one of Indonesia's most iconic culinary treasures and a symbol of East Javanese identity.", "zh": "一道源自东爪哇的传奇牛肉汤饭，以来自黑果的独特黑色为特征——一种浓郁、咸香、略带坚果风味的汤汁浇在蒸米饭上，被认为是印尼最具标志性的烹饪瑰宝之一，也是东爪哇身份的象征。", "id": "Hidangan sup daging sapi legendaris dari Jawa Timur, ditandai dengan warna hitam khasnya dari kacang keluak—kuah gurih yang kaya dan sedikit pedas disajikan di atas nasi kukus, dianggap sebagai salah satu harta kuliner paling ikonik di Indonesia dan simbol identitas Jawa Timur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "rice-dish", "javanese", "east-java", "beef", "keluak", "black-soup", "iconic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-rawon"}, {"id": "nasi-tumpeng", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Tumpeng", "zh": "圆锥饭", "id": "Nasi Tumpeng"}, "summary": {"en": "A cone of yellow rice, rising from the center of a communal platter like a mountain—a dish that is not just food but a map of the cosmos, where the rice is the axis of the world, the side dishes are the diversity of life, and the act of sharing is a prayer for balance and abundance.", "zh": "一座从共享大盘中央升起的黄色圆锥米饭，如山峰一般——这道菜不仅仅是食物，更是宇宙的地图，米饭是世界的轴心，配菜是生命的多样性，分享的举动是对平衡与丰饶的祈祷。", "id": "Sebuah kerucut nasi kuning yang menjulang dari tengah piring komunal seperti gunung—hidangan yang bukan sekadar makanan tetapi peta kosmos, di mana nasi adalah poros dunia, lauk-pauk adalah keragaman kehidupan, dan tindakan berbagi adalah doa untuk keseimbangan dan kelimpahan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["cuisine", "ritual", "javanese", "offering", "feast", "cone", "yellow-rice", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-tumpeng"}, {"id": "nasi-uduk", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nasi Uduk", "zh": "乌杜克饭", "id": "Nasi Uduk"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Betawi coconut-milk rice dish from Jakarta—rice cooked in coconut milk with salt, cloves, cinnamon, and pandan leaves, often served with fried chicken, salted egg, and tempeh.", "zh": "源自雅加达贝达维传统椰奶米饭——用椰奶加盐、丁香、肉桂和香兰叶煮成的米饭，常配炸鸡、咸蛋和天贝食用。", "id": "Hidangan nasi santan tradisional Betawi dari Jakarta—nasi yang dimasak dengan santan, garam, cengkeh, kayu manis, dan daun pandan, sering disajikan dengan ayam goreng, telur asin, dan tempe."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "nasi-uduk", "betawi", "jakarta", "rice", "coconut-milk"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nasi-uduk"}, {"id": "nastar", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nastar", "zh": "纳斯塔尔（凤梨酥）", "id": "Nastar"}, "summary": {"en": "A beloved Indonesian pineapple tart — a buttery pastry filled with sweet pineapple jam, a staple of festive celebrations, especially during Eid and Chinese New Year, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune.", "zh": "一种深受喜爱的印尼凤梨酥——黄油酥皮包裹甜凤梨酱，是节日庆典的主食，尤其是在开斋节和中国新年期间，象征着繁荣和好运。", "id": "Kue nastar Indonesia yang dicintai — pastry mentega berisi selai nanas manis, makanan pokok perayaan, terutama selama Lebaran dan Tahun Baru Imlek, melambangkan kemakmuran dan keberuntungan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "pastry", "festive", "pineapple", "indonesian"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nastar"}, {"id": "nata de coco", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Nata de Coco", "zh": "椰果", "id": "Nata de Coco"}, "summary": {"en": "A popular Indonesian dessert ingredient — a chewy, translucent jelly made from fermented coconut water, often used in iced drinks, fruit salads, and desserts across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种广受欢迎的印尼甜点配料——一种由发酵椰子水制成的耐嚼半透明果冻，常用于群岛各地的冰饮、水果沙拉和甜点中。", "id": "Bahan makanan penutup Indonesia yang populer — agar-agar tembus pandang kenyal yang terbuat dari air kelapa fermentasi, sering digunakan dalam minuman es, salad buah, dan makanan penutup di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "dessert", "ingredient", "coconut", "fermented"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/nata-de-coco"}, {"id": "pallubasa", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Pallubasa", "zh": "帕卢巴萨（望加锡牛肉汤）", "id": "Pallubasa"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and hearty beef soup from Makassar, South Sulawesi—where the warmth of coconut milk meets the fire of chili and the depth of spices, a dish that carries the memory of the Bugis sailors who once ruled the seas, served as a ritual of return and a taste of home.", "zh": "一道源自南苏拉威西望加锡的浓郁牛肉汤——椰奶的温润在此遇见辣椒的火热与香料的深邃，一道承载着曾统治海洋的布吉斯水手记忆的菜肴，作为归乡仪式与家的味道被端上餐桌。", "id": "Sup daging sapi yang kaya dan lezat dari Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan—di mana kehangatan santan bertemu dengan api cabai dan kedalaman rempah, hidangan yang membawa ingatan para pelaut Bugis yang pernah menguasai lautan, disajikan sebagai ritual kepulangan dan rasa kampung halaman."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["cuisine", "soup", "beef", "makassar", "south-sulawesi", "bugis", "coconut-milk", "spicy"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/pallubasa"}, {"id": "pecel", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Pecel", "zh": "佩塞尔（东爪哇花生酱沙拉）", "id": "Pecel"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional East Javanese vegetable salad with peanut sauce — a dish of boiled vegetables served with a spicy peanut sauce, often eaten as a healthy breakfast or light meal.", "zh": "一种传统的东爪哇花生酱蔬菜沙拉——一道由水煮蔬菜配辣花生酱制成的菜肴，常作为健康早餐或便餐食用。", "id": "Salad sayur tradisional Jawa Timur dengan saus kacang — hidangan sayuran rebus yang disajikan dengan saus kacang pedas, sering dimakan sebagai sarapan sehat atau makanan ringan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "east-java", "salad", "peanut-sauce", "vegetarian"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/pecel"}, {"id": "pempek lenggang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Pempek Lenggang", "zh": "鱼糕（北干巴鲁）", "id": "Pempek Lenggang"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional fish cake from Palembang — a savory and crispy version of pempek that is grilled or pan-fried, served with a sweet and sour vinegar-based sauce called cuko, a popular street food in South Sumatra.", "zh": "一种来自巨港的传统鱼糕——一种烤制或煎制的酥脆版鱼糕，配以甜酸醋汁“曲科”食用，是南苏门答腊广受欢迎的街头美食。", "id": "Kue ikan tradisional dari Palembang — versi renyah dan gurih dari pempek yang dipanggang atau digoreng, disajikan dengan saus berbasis cuka manis dan asam yang disebut cuko, makanan jalanan populer di Sumatra Selatan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sumatra", "palembang", "fish-cake", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/pempek-lenggang"}, {"id": "pempek", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Pempek", "zh": "鱼糕（巨港）", "id": "Pempek"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Palembang fish cake made from ground fish and tapioca flour — a savory delicacy served with a sweet and sour vinegar-based sauce called cuko, and a culinary treasure of South Sumatra.", "zh": "一种传统的巨港鱼糕，由鱼肉泥和木薯粉制成——一种美味的佳肴，配以甜酸醋汁“曲科”食用，是南苏门答腊的烹饪瑰宝。", "id": "Kue ikan Palembang tradisional yang terbuat dari ikan giling dan tepung tapioka — hidangan gurih yang disajikan dengan saus berbasis cuka manis dan asam yang disebut cuko, dan harta kuliner Sumatra Selatan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "palembang", "sumatra", "fish-cake", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/pempek"}, {"id": "rawon", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Rawon", "zh": "拉翁（东爪哇黑牛肉汤）", "id": "Rawon"}, "summary": {"en": "A legendary black beef soup from East Java—dark as the volcanic soil of the archipelago, rich as the history of the Mataram Kingdom, and alive with the deep, earthy flavor of the fermented keluak nut, a dish that has survived a thousand years and carries the philosophy of hospitality in every bowl.", "zh": "一道源自东爪哇的传奇黑色牛肉汤——黑如群岛的火山土壤，醇厚如马塔兰王国的历史，因发酵的黑果而充满深邃的泥土风味，一道存活了千年并在每一碗中都承载着好客哲学的菜肴。", "id": "Sup daging sapi hitam legendaris dari Jawa Timur—gelap seperti tanah vulkanik Nusantara, kaya seperti sejarah Kerajaan Mataram, dan hidup dengan rasa tanah yang dalam dari kacang keluak yang difermentasi, hidangan yang telah bertahan seribu tahun dan membawa filosofi keramahan dalam setiap mangkuknya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["cuisine", "east-java", "beef-soup", "keluak", "traditional-food", "iconic", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/rawon"}, {"id": "rendang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Rendang", "zh": "仁当牛肉", "id": "Rendang"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, coconut-based beef stew from the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra—considered one of the world's most delicious dishes, its complex flavor comes from a blend of spices (chili, turmeric, ginger, galangal, lemongrass) slowly cooked for hours until the meat is tender and the sauce is concentrated.", "zh": "源自西苏门答腊米南加保人的一道浓郁的椰奶牛肉炖菜——被认为是世界上最美味的菜肴之一，其复杂风味来自于香料的混合（辣椒、姜黄、姜、高良姜、香茅）经过长时间慢炖，直到肉质嫩滑、酱汁浓缩。", "id": "Semur daging sapi kaya santan dari masyarakat Minangkabau di Sumatra Barat—dianggap sebagai salah satu hidangan terlezat di dunia, rasa kompleksnya berasal dari campuran rempah-rempah yang dimasak perlahan selama berjam-jam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 21, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "rendang", "minangkabau", "beef", "coconut-milk", "iconic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/rendang"}, {"id": "ronde", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Ronde", "zh": "姜汁糯米团子汤", "id": "Ronde"}, "summary": {"en": "A popular Indonesian sweet soup — a warm and comforting dessert of glutinous rice balls filled with palm sugar, served in a sweet ginger broth with coconut milk, a favorite during rainy weather.", "zh": "一种广受欢迎的印尼甜汤——一种温暖舒适的甜点，由糯米团子包裹棕榈糖，盛在甜姜汤中配椰奶，是雨季的最爱。", "id": "Sup manis Indonesia yang populer — makanan penutup hangat dan nyaman dari bola ketan berisi gula aren, disajikan dalam kaldu jahe manis dengan santan, favorit selama cuaca hujan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "dessert", "soup", "sweet", "traditional", "comfort-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/ronde"}, {"id": "sambal terasi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sambal Terasi", "zh": "参巴虾酱", "id": "Sambal Terasi"}, "summary": {"en": "A staple of Indonesian cuisine — a spicy chili paste made from chilies, garlic, and fermented shrimp paste, a essential condiment served with almost every Indonesian meal.", "zh": "印尼菜系的主食——一种由辣椒、大蒜和发酵虾酱制成的辣酱，是几乎所有印尼餐的必备调味品。", "id": "Makanan pokok masakan Indonesia — pasta cabai pedas yang terbuat dari cabai, bawang putih, dan terasi, bumbu penting yang disajikan dengan hampir setiap hidangan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sambal", "condiment", "spicy", "traditional", "staple"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sambal-terasi"}, {"id": "satay", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Satay", "zh": "沙嗲", "id": "Sate"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesian skewered grilled meat served with peanut sauce, a popular street food throughout Southeast Asia.", "zh": "印尼串烤肉类，佐以浓郁的花生酱，是风靡东南亚的街头美食。印尼各地沙嗲风味各异，其中以马都拉沙嗲最为著名。", "id": "Daging tusuk panggang khas Indonesia dengan saus kacang, makanan jalanan populer di seluruh Asia Tenggara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["cuisine", "satay", "sate", "street-food", "indonesian-food", "grilled"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/satay"}, {"id": "sate klathak", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sate Klathak", "zh": "铁签沙嗲", "id": "Sate Klathak"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese satay from Yogyakarta — goat or beef skewered with iron rods instead of bamboo sticks, grilled over a fiery charcoal fire, and served with a simple dipping sauce, known for its distinctive smoky flavor.", "zh": "一种来自日惹的传统爪哇沙嗲——羊肉或牛肉用铁签而非竹签串制，在烈火炭火上烤制，配以简单的蘸酱，以其独特的烟熏风味而闻名。", "id": "Sate tradisional Jawa dari Yogyakarta — daging kambing atau sapi ditusuk dengan besi sebagai pengganti tusuk bambu, dipanggang di atas bara api, dan disajikan dengan saus celup sederhana, dikenal dengan rasa asapnya yang khas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "yogyakarta", "satay", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sate-klathak"}, {"id": "sate lilit", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sate Lilit", "zh": "缠绕沙嗲（巴厘）", "id": "Sate Lilit"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese variant of satay — minced meat wrapped around a bamboo stick and grilled, often made with fish, chicken, or pork, and a popular dish in Balinese cuisine.", "zh": "一种巴厘沙嗲变种——肉末包裹在竹签上烤制，常用鱼、鸡或猪肉制作，是巴厘菜系中广受欢迎的菜肴。", "id": "Varian sate Bali — daging cincang yang dililitkan pada tusuk bambu dan dipanggang, sering dibuat dengan ikan, ayam, atau babi, dan hidangan populer dalam masakan Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "bali", "satay", "grilled", "traditional", "seafood"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sate-lilit"}, {"id": "sate padang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sate Padang", "zh": "巴东沙嗲", "id": "Sate Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "A West Sumatran variant of satay — skewered beef or offal served with a rich, spicy yellow sauce, a popular street food in Padang and across Sumatra.", "zh": "一种西苏门答腊的沙嗲变种——串烤牛肉或内脏配以浓郁的黄色辣酱，是巴东和苏门答腊各地广受欢迎的街头美食。", "id": "Varian sate Sumatera Barat — daging sapi atau jeroan tusuk yang disajikan dengan saus kuning pedas yang kaya, makanan jalanan populer di Padang dan seluruh Sumatra."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sumatra", "west-sumatra", "satay", "street-food", "spicy"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sate-padang"}, {"id": "sayur asem", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sayur Asem", "zh": "酸味蔬菜汤", "id": "Sayur Asem"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese and Sundanese sour vegetable soup — a light and refreshing soup made with a variety of vegetables and tamarind, often served as a side dish in a traditional Indonesian meal.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇和巽他酸味蔬菜汤——由各种蔬菜和罗望子制成的清淡爽口的汤，常在传统印尼餐中作为配菜食用。", "id": "Sup sayur asam tradisional Jawa dan Sunda — sup ringan dan menyegarkan yang terbuat dari berbagai sayuran dan asam jawa, sering disajikan sebagai lauk dalam hidangan tradisional Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "sunda", "soup", "vegetable", "sour"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sayur-asem"}, {"id": "sayur-asem", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Sayur Asem (Sour Vegetable Soup)", "zh": "阿森蔬菜汤（酸味蔬菜汤）", "id": "Sayur Asem"}, "summary": {"en": "A humble sour vegetable soup from the heart of Java—a dish that carries the philosophy of balance in every spoonful, where the sourness of tamarind meets the sweetness of corn and the saltiness of the broth, reminding the Javanese that life itself is a blend of flavors.", "zh": "源自爪哇心脏地带的一道朴素酸味蔬菜汤——每一勺都承载着平衡哲学，罗望子的酸、玉米的甜和汤汁的咸在此相遇，提醒爪哇人生活本身就是风味的混合。", "id": "Sup sayur asam sederhana dari jantung Jawa—hidangan yang membawa filosofi keseimbangan dalam setiap sendoknya, di mana rasa asam dari asam jawa bertemu manisnya jagung dan gurihnya kaldu, mengingatkan orang Jawa bahwa hidup itu sendiri adalah campuran rasa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["cuisine", "soup", "vegetable", "javanese", "sour", "tamarind", "comfort-food", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sayur-asem"}, {"id": "serabi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Serabi", "zh": "塞拉比（椰浆煎饼）", "id": "Serabi"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese and Balinese pancake — a small, thick pancake made from rice flour and coconut milk, cooked in a small clay pot and often served with a sweet topping.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇和巴厘煎饼——一种由米粉和椰奶制成的小而厚的煎饼，在小陶罐中烹制，常配以甜味浇头。", "id": "Pancake tradisional Jawa dan Bali — pancake kecil dan tebal yang terbuat dari tepung beras dan santan, dimasak dalam periuk tanah liat kecil dan sering disajikan dengan topping manis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "bali", "pancake", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/serabi"}, {"id": "serai", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Serai", "zh": "柠檬草（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Serai"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant tropical grass widely used in Indonesian cuisine — lemongrass with a citrusy aroma, used in soups, curries, and herbal drinks.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中广泛使用的芳香热带草本植物——带有柑橘香气的柠檬草，用于汤、咖喱和草药饮品中。", "id": "Rumput tropis harum yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — sereh dengan aroma jeruk, digunakan dalam sup, kari, dan minuman herbal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "herb", "traditional", "java"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/serai"}, {"id": "sereh", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sereh", "zh": "香茅（印尼传统香料）", "id": "Sereh"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant tropical herb widely used in Indonesian cuisine — a lemongrass variety with a citrusy aroma, used in soups, curries, and herbal drinks, and a staple of Indonesian cooking.", "zh": "一种在印尼菜系中广泛使用的芳香热带草本植物——一种带有柑橘香气的香茅品种，用于汤、咖喱和草药饮品中，是印尼烹饪的主食。", "id": "Rempah tropis harum yang banyak digunakan dalam masakan Indonesia — varietas serai dengan aroma jeruk, digunakan dalam sup, kari, dan minuman herbal, dan makanan pokok masakan Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "spice", "herb", "traditional", "ingredient"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sereh"}, {"id": "sop Buntut", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Sop Buntut", "zh": "牛尾汤", "id": "Sop Buntut"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and hearty Indonesian oxtail soup — a flavorful broth made from oxtail, vegetables, and spices, slow-cooked to perfection, a popular dish in Jakarta and across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种浓郁丰盛的印尼牛尾汤——由牛尾、蔬菜和香料制成的美味汤，慢煮至完美，是雅加达和群岛各地广受欢迎的菜肴。", "id": "Sup buntut Indonesia yang kaya dan mengenyangkan — kaldu beraroma yang terbuat dari buntut sapi, sayuran, dan rempah-rempah, dimasak perlahan hingga sempurna, hidangan populer di Jakarta dan seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soup", "jakarta", "oxtail", "comfort-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/sop-Buntut"}, {"id": "soto betawi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Soto Betawi", "zh": "雅加达索托", "id": "Soto Betawi"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and creamy beef soup from Jakarta — a variant of soto made with coconut milk, beef, and offal, flavored with spices and served with rice, fried shallots, and lime.", "zh": "一种来自雅加达的浓郁奶油牛肉汤——一种用椰奶、牛肉和内脏制成的索托变种，用香料调味，配米饭、炸红葱和酸橙食用。", "id": "Sup sapi kaya dan lembut dari Jakarta — varian soto yang dibuat dengan santan, daging sapi, dan jeroan, dibumbui dengan rempah-rempah dan disajikan dengan nasi, bawang goreng, dan jeruk nipis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "betawi", "jakarta", "soup", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-betawi"}, {"id": "soto makassar", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Soto Makassar", "zh": "望加锡索托", "id": "Soto Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional beef soup from South Sulawesi — a clear broth with slices of beef, offal, and rice vermicelli, served with rice and topped with fried shallots, known for its bold, spicy flavor.", "zh": "一种来自南苏拉威西的传统牛肉汤——清汤配牛肉片、内脏和米粉，配米饭，撒上炸红葱，以其大胆辛辣的风味而闻名。", "id": "Sup sapi tradisional dari Sulawesi Selatan — kaldu bening dengan irisan daging sapi, jeroan, dan bihun, disajikan dengan nasi dan ditaburi bawang goreng, dikenal dengan rasa pedasnya yang berani."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sulawesi", "south-sulawesi", "soup", "beef", "spicy"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-makassar"}, {"id": "soto padang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Soto Padang", "zh": "巴东索托", "id": "Soto Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional beef soup from West Sumatra — a clear broth with slices of beef, offal, and glass noodles, served with rice and topped with fried shallots, known for its rich, savory flavor.", "zh": "一种来自西苏门答腊的传统牛肉汤——清汤配牛肉片、内脏和粉丝，配米饭，撒上炸红葱，以其浓郁可口的味道而闻名。", "id": "Sup sapi tradisional dari Sumatera Barat — kaldu bening dengan irisan daging sapi, jeroan, dan bihun, disajikan dengan nasi dan ditaburi bawang goreng, dikenal dengan rasanya yang kaya dan gurih."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "sumatra", "west-sumatra", "soup", "beef", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-padang"}, {"id": "soto-betawi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Soto Betawi", "zh": "贝达维牛肉汤", "id": "Soto Betawi"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, coconut-milk-based beef soup from Jakarta, originating from the Betawi community—a hearty dish made with beef, offal, tomatoes, and spices, often served with rice, emping, and sambal.", "zh": "源自雅加达贝达维社区的一道浓郁椰奶牛肉汤——一道用牛肉、内脏、番茄和香料制成的丰盛菜肴，常配米饭、脆饼和参巴辣椒酱食用。", "id": "Sup daging sapi kaya santan dari Jakarta, berasal dari komunitas Betawi—hidangan lezat yang terbuat dari daging sapi, jeroan, tomat, dan rempah-rempah, sering disajikan dengan nasi, emping, dan sambal."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soto", "betawi", "jakarta", "soup", "beef"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-betawi"}, {"id": "soto-lamongan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Soto Lamongan", "zh": "拉蒙岸鸡肉汤", "id": "Soto Lamongan"}, "summary": {"en": "A clear, turmeric-based chicken soup from East Java, originating in Lamongan—a light and refreshing dish made with shredded chicken, vermicelli, bean sprouts, and a distinctive sambal, often served with koya (a powder of fried garlic and shrimp crackers).", "zh": "源自东爪哇拉蒙岸的一道清澈姜黄鸡汤——一道清淡爽口的菜肴，由鸡肉丝、粉丝、豆芽和特色参巴辣椒酱制成，常配以科亚（一种炸蒜和虾片粉末）。", "id": "Sup ayam kunyit bening dari Jawa Timur, berasal dari Lamongan—hidangan ringan dan menyegarkan yang terbuat dari suwiran ayam, bihun, tauge, dan sambal khas, sering disajikan dengan koya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soto", "lamongan", "east-java", "soup", "chicken"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-lamongan"}, {"id": "soto-makassar", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Soto Makassar", "zh": "望加锡牛肉汤", "id": "Soto Makassar"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich, beef soup from South Sulawesi, originating in Makassar—a hearty dish made with beef ribs, offal, and a distinctive blend of spices, known for its bold flavor and served with rice or ketupat.", "zh": "源自南苏拉威西望加锡的一道浓郁牛肉汤——一道丰盛的菜肴，由牛肋排、内脏和独特香料混合制成，以其浓郁风味而闻名，配米饭或粽子食用。", "id": "Sup daging sapi kaya dari Sulawesi Selatan, berasal dari Makassar—hidangan lezat yang terbuat dari iga sapi, jeroan, dan campuran rempah khas, terkenal dengan rasanya yang kuat dan disajikan dengan nasi atau ketupat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soto", "makassar", "sulawesi", "soup", "beef"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-makassar"}, {"id": "soto-padang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Soto Padang", "zh": "巴东牛肉汤", "id": "Soto Padang"}, "summary": {"en": "A light, clear beef soup from West Sumatra, originating in Padang—a dish made with thinly sliced beef, vermicelli, and fried potatoes, served with a distinctive chili sauce and often accompanied by rice or ketupat.", "zh": "源自西苏门答腊巴东的一道清淡清澈牛肉汤——一道由薄切牛肉、粉丝和炸土豆制成的菜肴，配以特色辣椒酱，常配米饭或粽子食用。", "id": "Sup daging sapi bening dari Sumatra Barat, berasal dari Padang—hidangan yang terbuat dari irisan daging sapi tipis, bihun, dan kentang goreng, disajikan dengan saus cabai khas dan sering disertai nasi atau ketupat."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soto", "padang", "sumatra", "soup", "beef"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto-padang"}, {"id": "soto", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Soto", "zh": "索托汤", "id": "Soto"}, "summary": {"en": "A fragrant Indonesian soup with a turmeric-based broth — one of the archipelago's most versatile dishes, with dozens of regional variations from Aceh to Makassar.", "zh": "一种以姜黄为基底、香气浓郁的印尼汤——群岛最多样化的菜肴之一，从亚齐到望加锡有数十种地区变体。", "id": "Sup Indonesia yang harum dengan kaldu berbahan dasar kunyit — salah satu hidangan paling serbaguna di Nusantara, dengan puluhan variasi regional dari Aceh hingga Makassar."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 28, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "soup", "soto", "regional-cuisine", "street-food"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/soto"}, {"id": "temulawak", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Temulawak (Java Turmeric)", "zh": "姜黄根茎（爪哇姜黄）", "id": "Temulawak"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese rhizome of the ginger family—a golden root that grows in the volcanic soil of the archipelago, used for centuries in jamu, cooking, and spiritual rituals, carrying the warmth of the earth and the memory of the ancestors in every bitter sip.", "zh": "姜科的一种爪哇根茎——生长在群岛火山土壤中的金色根茎，数个世纪以来用于佳木、烹饪和灵性仪式中，每一口苦涩都承载着大地的温暖和祖先的记忆。", "id": "Rimpang Jawa dari keluarga jahe—akar emas yang tumbuh di tanah vulkanik Nusantara, digunakan selama berabad-abad dalam jamu, masakan, dan ritual spiritual, membawa kehangatan bumi dan ingatan leluhur dalam setiap tegukan pahitnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["cuisine", "jamu", "herbal", "turmeric", "javanese", "traditional-medicine", "rhizome", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/temulawak"}, {"id": "wedang jahe", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Wedang Jahe", "zh": "姜茶（爪哇传统热饮）", "id": "Wedang Jahe"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese ginger drink — a warm and spicy beverage made from fresh ginger, palm sugar, and spices, a popular remedy for colds and a comforting drink during rainy seasons.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇姜茶——由新鲜姜、棕榈糖和香料制成的温热辛辣饮品，是治疗感冒的常用饮品，也是雨季的暖心热饮。", "id": "Minuman jahe tradisional Jawa — minuman hangat dan pedas yang terbuat dari jahe segar, gula aren, dan rempah-rempah, obat populer untuk pilek dan minuman yang nyaman selama musim hujan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "beverage", "ginger", "traditional", "herbal"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/wedang-jahe"}, {"id": "wedang uwuh", "module": "05_culture", "type": "cuisine", "name": {"en": "Wedang Uwuh", "zh": "乌乌姜饮", "id": "Wedang Uwuh"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese herbal drink from Yogyakarta — a warm, spicy beverage made from ginger, cinnamon, and other herbs, a popular remedy for colds and a comforting drink in the cool highlands.", "zh": "一种来自日惹的传统爪哇草药饮品——由姜、肉桂和其他草药制成的温热辛辣饮料，是治疗感冒的常用饮品，也是凉爽高地的暖心热饮。", "id": "Minuman herbal tradisional Jawa dari Yogyakarta — minuman hangat dan pedas yang terbuat dari jahe, kayu manis, dan rempah-rempah lainnya, obat populer untuk pilek dan minuman yang nyaman di dataran tinggi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "cuisine", "java", "yogyakarta", "beverage", "herbal", "traditional"], "url": "./library/05_culture/cuisine/wedang-uwuh"}, {"id": "acehnese-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Acehnese Culture", "zh": "亚齐文化", "id": "Budaya Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A rich and distinctive culture from the northern tip of Sumatra—shaped by centuries of Islamic faith, maritime trade, and fierce resistance to colonialism, expressed through unique traditions in architecture, dance, music, cuisine, and social organization, standing as one of the most resilient cultural identities in the archipelago.", "zh": "苏门答腊北端的一种丰富而独特的文化——由数个世纪的伊斯兰信仰、海上贸易和对殖民主义的激烈抵抗所塑造，通过建筑、舞蹈、音乐、饮食和社会组织中的独特传统来表达，是群岛中最具韧性的文化认同之一。", "id": "Budaya yang kaya dan khas dari ujung utara Sumatra—dibentuk oleh iman Islam, perdagangan maritim, dan perlawanan sengit terhadap kolonialisme selama berabad-abad, diekspresikan melalui tradisi unik dalam arsitektur, tarian, musik, kuliner, dan organisasi sosial, berdiri sebagai salah satu identitas budaya paling tangguh di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["culture", "aceh", "sumatra", "islam", "tradition", "performing-arts", "cuisine", "architecture"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/acehnese-culture"}, {"id": "acehnese-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Acehnese People", "zh": "亚齐人", "id": "Suku Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous people of Aceh at the northern tip of Sumatra—a proud and resilient community known for their deep Islamic faith, fierce spirit of independence, and rich maritime heritage, who have shaped the cultural and religious landscape of the archipelago for centuries.", "zh": "苏门答腊北端亚齐的原住民——一个以深厚伊斯兰信仰、强烈独立精神和丰富海洋遗产而闻名的自豪而坚韧的社群，数百年来塑造了群岛的文化和宗教面貌。", "id": "Penduduk asli Aceh di ujung utara Sumatra—masyarakat yang bangga dan tangguh yang dikenal dengan iman Islam yang mendalam, semangat kemerdekaan yang gigih, dan warisan maritim yang kaya, yang telah membentuk lanskap budaya dan keagamaan Nusantara selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "aceh", "sumatra", "islam", "maritime", "independent", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/acehnese-people"}, {"id": "bali-aga", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Bali Aga", "zh": "巴厘阿加", "id": "Bali Aga"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous Balinese people who have inhabited the island since before the arrival of Hinduism from Java—the original mountain communities of Bali, preserving ancient customs, architecture, and beliefs that predate the Majapahit era and maintaining a distinct identity separate from the lowland Balinese, representing the oldest layer of Balinese civilization.", "zh": "早在爪哇印度教传入之前就居住在岛上的土著巴厘人——巴厘的原始山地社区，保存着满者伯夷时代之前的古老习俗、建筑和信仰，保持着与低地巴厘人不同的独特身份，代表了巴厘文明最古老的层次。", "id": "Masyarakat Bali asli yang telah mendiami pulau ini sebelum kedatangan agama Hindu dari Jawa—komunitas gunung asli Bali, melestarikan adat, arsitektur, dan kepercayaan kuno yang mendahului era Majapahit dan mempertahankan identitas yang berbeda dari orang Bali dataran rendah, mewakili lapisan tertua peradaban Bali."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "bali", "indigenous", "ancient", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/bali-aga"}, {"id": "balinese-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Balinese People", "zh": "巴厘岛人", "id": "Suku Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "The majority ethnic group of Bali, known for their adherence to Balinese Hinduism, rich artistic traditions, and distinctive rituals including Galungan and Nyepi.", "zh": "巴厘岛的多数族群，以其对巴厘印度教的坚守、丰富的艺术传统和包括加隆安节和涅琵节在内的独特仪式而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis mayoritas di Bali, terkenal dengan penganut agama Hindu Bali, tradisi seni yang kaya, dan ritual khas seperti Galungan dan Nyepi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 22, "tags": ["ethnicity", "balinese", "bali", "hinduism", "ritual", "art", "dance"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/balinese-people"}, {"id": "banjar-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "", "name": {"en": "banjar-culture", "zh": "banjar-culture", "id": "banjar-culture"}, "summary": {"en": "", "zh": "", "id": ""}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": [], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/banjar-culture"}, {"id": "banjar-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Banjar People", "zh": "班贾尔人", "id": "Suku Banjar"}, "summary": {"en": "The dominant ethnic group of South Kalimantan, known for their maritime prowess, trade networks, and Islamic scholarship—a people whose river-based civilization flourished along the Barito River, producing a distinctive culture that blends Malay, Javanese, and Dayak influences, and whose sultanate once controlled much of southeastern Borneo.", "zh": "南加里曼丹的主要民族，以其海上实力、贸易网络和伊斯兰学术而闻名——一个以河流为基础的文明沿着巴里托河繁荣发展的民族，产生了融合马来、爪哇和达雅克影响的独特文化，其苏丹国曾控制婆罗洲东南部的大部分地区。", "id": "Kelompok etnis dominan di Kalimantan Selatan, dikenal karena kehebatan maritim, jaringan perdagangan, dan keilmuan Islam—sebuah masyarakat yang peradaban berbasis sungainya berkembang di sepanjang Sungai Barito, menghasilkan budaya khas yang memadukan pengaruh Melayu, Jawa, dan Dayak, dan yang kesultanannya pernah menguasai sebagian besar Kalimantan tenggara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "banjar", "kalimantan", "islam", "maritime", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/banjar-people"}, {"id": "batak-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Batak People", "zh": "巴塔克人", "id": "Suku Batak"}, "summary": {"en": "An indigenous ethnic group from North Sumatra, known for their distinctive clan-based society, rich oral traditions, and unique funeral rituals.", "zh": "来自北苏门答腊的土著族群，以其独特的氏族社会、丰富的口述传统和独特的葬礼仪式而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis pribumi dari Sumatera Utara, terkenal dengan masyarakat berbasis marga, tradisi lisan yang kaya, dan ritual pemakaman yang unik."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["ethnicity", "batak", "sumatra", "culture", "clan", "tradition", "ulos"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/batak-people"}, {"id": "bugis-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Bugis People", "zh": "武吉斯人", "id": "Suku Bugis"}, "summary": {"en": "A seafaring ethnic group from South Sulawesi, known for their maritime culture, Phinisi ships, and extensive diaspora across the archipelago.", "zh": "源自南苏拉威西的海洋族群，以其海洋文化、珀尼西帆船和遍布群岛的广泛散居而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis maritim dari Sulawesi Selatan, terkenal dengan budaya bahari, kapal Pinisi, dan diaspora yang luas di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["ethnicity", "bugis", "sulawesi", "maritime", "phinisi", "diaspora"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/bugis-people"}, {"id": "buton-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Buton Culture", "zh": "布顿文化", "id": "Budaya Buton"}, "summary": {"en": "The rich cultural tradition of the Buton people of Southeast Sulawesi—a heritage shaped by centuries of maritime trade, Islamic scholarship, and fortress-building, expressed through the art of woodcarving, the tradition of *pahang* (poetic debates), the architecture of the Bau-Bau fortress, and the enduring spirit of a people who have navigated the seas and defended their homeland for centuries.", "zh": "东南苏拉威西布顿人丰富的文化传统——一种由几个世纪的海上贸易、伊斯兰学术和堡垒建造塑造的遗产，通过木雕艺术、*pahang*（诗歌辩论）传统、巴乌巴乌堡垒的建筑以及一个几个世纪以来航行大海和保卫家园的民族的不灭精神来表达。", "id": "Tradisi budaya yang kaya dari masyarakat Buton di Sulawesi Tenggara—sebuah warisan yang dibentuk oleh berabad-abad perdagangan maritim, keilmuan Islam, dan pembangunan benteng, diekspresikan melalui seni ukir kayu, tradisi *pahang* (debat puitis), arsitektur benteng Bau-Bau, dan semangat abadi dari sebuah bangsa yang telah berlayar di lautan dan mempertahankan tanah air mereka selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "buton", "sulawesi", "islam", "maritime", "fortress", "woodcarving", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/buton-culture"}, {"id": "chinese-diaspora-in-southeast-asia", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia", "zh": "东南亚华人侨民", "id": "Diaspora Tionghoa di Asia Tenggara"}, "summary": {"en": "The centuries-long migration of Chinese merchants, laborers, and settlers across Southeast Asia—a network of traders, farmers, and entrepreneurs who connected the markets of China to the ports of the Malay Archipelago, shaping the economic, cultural, and culinary landscapes of the region, and whose descendants form significant communities in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and beyond.", "zh": "中国商人、劳工和定居者几个世纪以来穿越东南亚的迁移——一个将中国市场与马来群岛港口连接起来的商人、农民和企业家的网络，塑造了该地区的经济、文化和烹饪景观，其后代在印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡及其他地区形成了重要的社区。", "id": "Migrasi berabad-abad pedagang, buruh, dan pemukim Cina di seluruh Asia Tenggara—sebuah jaringan pedagang, petani, dan pengusaha yang menghubungkan pasar Cina dengan pelabuhan-pelabuhan Nusantara, membentuk lanskap ekonomi, budaya, dan kuliner wilayah ini, dan yang keturunannya membentuk komunitas penting di Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, dan sekitarnya."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["diaspora", "chinese", "southeast-asia", "trade", "migration", "cultural-exchange", "peranakan", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/chinese-diaspora-in-southeast-asia"}, {"id": "chinese-indonesian", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Chinese Indonesians", "zh": "印尼华人", "id": "Tionghoa Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "An integral ethnic group in the Indonesian archipelago, descended from migrants from southern China who have settled in the region for centuries—playing vital roles in trade, economy, and culture, while navigating complex histories of integration, discrimination, and resilience that have shaped their distinctive Peranakan and Totok identities.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛中一个不可或缺的族群，是几个世纪以来从中国南方移民到该地区的后裔——在贸易、经济和文化中扮演着重要角色，同时经历了融合、歧视和韧性的复杂历史，这些历史塑造了他们独特的土生华人和新客华人身份。", "id": "Sebuah kelompok etnis integral di Nusantara, keturunan dari migran dari Cina selatan yang telah menetap di wilayah ini selama berabad-abad—memainkan peran penting dalam perdagangan, ekonomi, dan budaya, sambil menavigasi sejarah integrasi, diskriminasi, dan ketahanan yang kompleks yang telah membentuk identitas Peranakan dan Totok mereka yang khas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "chinese", "peranakan", "trade", "diaspora", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/chinese-indonesian"}, {"id": "chinese-indonesians", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Chinese Indonesians", "zh": "印尼华人", "id": "Tionghoa Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "An integral ethnic group in the Indonesian archipelago, descended from migrants from southern China who have settled in the region for centuries—playing vital roles in trade, economy, and culture, while navigating complex histories of integration, discrimination, and resilience that have shaped their distinctive Peranakan and Totok identities.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛中一个不可或缺的族群，是几个世纪以来从中国南方移民到该地区的后裔——在贸易、经济和文化中扮演着重要角色，同时经历了融合、歧视和韧性的复杂历史，这些历史塑造了他们独特的土生华人和新客华人身份。", "id": "Sebuah kelompok etnis integral di Nusantara, keturunan dari migran dari Cina selatan yang telah menetap di wilayah ini selama berabad-abad—memainkan peran penting dalam perdagangan, ekonomi, dan budaya, sambil menavigasi sejarah integrasi, diskriminasi, dan ketahanan yang kompleks yang telah membentuk identitas Peranakan dan Totok mereka yang khas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "chinese", "peranakan", "trade", "diaspora", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/chinese-indonesians"}, {"id": "confucianism", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Confucianism in Indonesia", "zh": "印尼儒教", "id": "Konghucu di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A philosophical and religious tradition originating from the teachings of Confucius, practiced by Chinese Indonesians and recognized as one of Indonesia's six official religions—a system of ethics, ancestor worship, and ritual that has shaped the moral and cultural life of Chinese communities in the archipelago for centuries.", "zh": "源自孔子教义的哲学和宗教传统，由印尼华人实践，并被承认为印尼六大官方宗教之一——一个伦理、祖先崇拜和仪式的体系，几个世纪以来塑造了群岛华人社区的道德和文化生活。", "id": "Sebuah tradisi filosofis dan religius yang berasal dari ajaran Konfusius, dipraktikkan oleh Tionghoa Indonesia dan diakui sebagai salah satu dari enam agama resmi Indonesia—sebuah sistem etika, pemujaan leluhur, dan ritual yang telah membentuk kehidupan moral dan budaya komunitas Tionghoa di Nusantara selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["religion", "confucianism", "chinese", "philosophy", "ethics", "ancestor-worship", "official-religion", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/confucianism"}, {"id": "dayak-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Dayak Culture", "zh": "达雅克文化", "id": "Budaya Dayak"}, "summary": {"en": "The rich and diverse cultural heritage of the Dayak peoples of Borneo—a world of longhouses, ancestral rituals, intricate tattoos, and the Kaharingan faith, expressed through traditional music, dance, and craft, and shaped by the rhythms of the rainforest and the spirit of the ancestors who inhabit the rivers, mountains, and forests of Kalimantan.", "zh": "婆罗洲达雅克人丰富多样的文化遗产——一个长屋、祖先仪式、复杂纹身和卡哈林甘信仰的世界，通过传统音乐、舞蹈和手工艺表达，由雨林的节奏和居住在加里曼丹河流、山脉和森林中的祖先之灵塑造。", "id": "Warisan budaya yang kaya dan beragam dari masyarakat Dayak di Kalimantan—sebuah dunia rumah panjang, ritual leluhur, tato rumit, dan iman Kaharingan, diekspresikan melalui musik, tarian, dan kerajinan tradisional, dan dibentuk oleh ritme hutan hujan dan semangat leluhur yang menghuni sungai, gunung, dan hutan Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "dayak", "kalimantan", "kaharingan", "longhouse", "tattoo", "indigenous", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/dayak-culture"}, {"id": "dayak-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Dayak People", "zh": "达雅人", "id": "Suku Dayak"}, "summary": {"en": "Indigenous peoples of Kalimantan, known for their longhouse communities, ancestral spiritual traditions, and rich material culture including woodcarving and weaving.", "zh": "加里曼丹的土著民族，以其长屋社区、祖先灵性传统和包括木雕与编织在内的丰富物质文化而闻名。", "id": "Masyarakat pribumi Kalimantan, terkenal dengan komunitas rumah panjang, tradisi spiritual leluhur, dan budaya material yang kaya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 36, "tags": ["ethnicity", "dayak", "kalimantan", "longhouse", "indigenous", "woodcarving", "weaving"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/dayak-people"}, {"id": "indigenous-religion", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indigenous Religions of the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的本土宗教", "id": "Agama Asli Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The diverse traditional belief systems of the Indonesian archipelago that predate the arrival of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity — animist and ancestral traditions that honor the spirits of nature, the power of ancestors, and the sacredness of the land, still practiced by communities such as the Dayak, Toraja, and Mentawai.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛在印度教、佛教、伊斯兰教和基督教传入之前就已存在的多样化传统信仰体系——万物有灵和祖先传统，尊崇自然之灵、祖先的力量和土地的神圣性，至今仍由达雅克、托拉查和明打威等社区实践。", "id": "Sistem kepercayaan tradisional yang beragam di Nusantara yang mendahului kedatangan Hindu, Buddha, Islam, dan Kristen — tradisi animis dan leluhur yang menghormati roh alam, kekuatan leluhur, dan kesakralan tanah, masih dipraktikkan oleh komunitas seperti Dayak, Toraja, dan Mentawai."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["religion", "indigenous", "animism", "ancestor-worship", "dayak", "toraja", "mentawai", "kaharingan"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/indigenous-religion"}, {"id": "indonesian-ethnic-overview", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Ethnic and Cultural Overview", "zh": "印尼民族与文化总览", "id": "Ikhtisar Etnis dan Budaya Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of Indonesia's ethnic diversity and cultural traditions, from the Javanese and Sundanese to the Dayak and Bugis.", "zh": "印尼民族多样性与文化传统的综合性总览，从爪哇人和巽他人到达雅人和武吉斯人。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang keragaman etnis dan tradisi budaya Indonesia."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["culture", "ethnicity", "overview", "indonesia", "diversity", "cultural-heritage"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/indonesian-ethnic-overview"}, {"id": "javanese-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Javanese People", "zh": "爪哇人", "id": "Suku Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest ethnic group in Indonesia, centered on the island of Java, known for their refined arts, hierarchical society, and deep cultural traditions.", "zh": "印度尼西亚最大的族群，以爪哇岛为中心，以高雅的艺术、等级森严的社会和深厚的文化传统而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis terbesar di Indonesia, berpusat di pulau Jawa, terkenal dengan seni yang halus, masyarakat hierarkis, dan tradisi budaya yang mendalam."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 62, "tags": ["ethnicity", "javanese", "java", "culture", "wayang", "batik", "gamelan", "court-tradition"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/javanese-people"}, {"id": "jihad", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Jihad in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的圣战", "id": "Jihad di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A concept of religious struggle in Islam — in the Indonesian archipelago, jihad has been understood both as a personal spiritual struggle and as a collective struggle for justice, defense, and independence, inspiring resistance movements against colonial rule from the Aceh War to the Padri War.", "zh": "伊斯兰教中宗教斗争的概念——在印度尼西亚群岛，圣战既被理解为个人的精神斗争，也被理解为争取正义、防御和独立的集体斗争，从亚齐战争到帕德里战争，激励着反抗殖民统治的抵抗运动。", "id": "Sebuah konsep perjuangan religius dalam Islam — di Nusantara, jihad telah dipahami baik sebagai perjuangan spiritual pribadi maupun sebagai perjuangan kolektif untuk keadilan, pertahanan, dan kemerdekaan, menginspirasi gerakan perlawanan melawan pemerintahan kolonial dari Perang Aceh hingga Perang Padri."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["religion", "islam", "jihad", "resistance", "war", "spirituality", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/jihad"}, {"id": "kaharingan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Kaharingan", "zh": "卡哈林甘信仰", "id": "Kaharingan"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous animist religion of the Dayak peoples of Borneo, centered on the veneration of ancestral spirits and the belief in a supreme deity—a faith that has survived centuries of external influence, adapting to coexist alongside Islam and Christianity while preserving its core rituals, cosmology, and connection to the land.", "zh": "婆罗洲达雅克人的本土万物有灵宗教，以崇敬祖先之灵和相信至高神为中心——一种在数个世纪的外部影响中幸存下来的信仰，与伊斯兰教和基督教并存适应，同时保留其核心仪式、宇宙观和与土地的联系。", "id": "Agama animis asli masyarakat Dayak di Kalimantan, berpusat pada pemujaan roh leluhur dan kepercayaan pada dewa tertinggi—sebuah iman yang telah bertahan dari pengaruh eksternal selama berabad-abad, beradaptasi untuk hidup berdampingan dengan Islam dan Kristen sambil mempertahankan ritual inti, kosmologi, dan hubungannya dengan tanah."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 11, "tags": ["religion", "animism", "dayak", "kalimantan", "kaharingan", "ancestor-worship", "indigenous", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/kaharingan"}, {"id": "madurese-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Madurese People", "zh": "马都拉人", "id": "Suku Madura"}, "summary": {"en": "The third-largest ethnic group in Indonesia, originating from the arid island of Madura off the northeastern coast of Java — a people known for their seafaring spirit, strong Islamic identity, distinctive language, and a cultural resilience shaped by centuries of migration and adaptation.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第三大族群，起源于爪哇东北海岸外干旱的马都拉岛——一个以海洋精神、强烈的伊斯兰认同、独特的语言以及由数百年迁移和适应所塑造的文化韧性而闻名的民族。", "id": "Kelompok etnis terbesar ketiga di Indonesia, berasal dari pulau Madura yang kering di lepas pantai timur laut Jawa — sebuah masyarakat yang dikenal dengan semangat kelautan, identitas Islam yang kuat, bahasa yang khas, dan ketahanan budaya yang dibentuk oleh berabad-abad migrasi dan adaptasi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "madura", "java", "islam", "maritime", "migration", "pesantren", "satay"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/madurese-people"}, {"id": "malay-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Malay People", "zh": "马来人", "id": "Suku Melayu"}, "summary": {"en": "An ethnic group native to the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra, and parts of Borneo — a people whose language, culture, and maritime trading networks have shaped the history of the Malay Archipelago for centuries, and whose identity is central to the modern nation-states of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei.", "zh": "原居于马来半岛、苏门答腊东部和婆罗洲部分地区的民族——一个语言、文化和海上贸易网络几个世纪以来塑造了马来群岛历史的民族，其身份认同对印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡和文莱等现代民族国家至关重要。", "id": "Sebuah kelompok etnis yang berasal dari Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra timur, dan sebagian Kalimantan — sebuah bangsa yang bahasa, budaya, dan jaringan perdagangan maritimnya telah membentuk sejarah Nusantara selama berabad-abad, dan yang identitasnya sentral bagi negara-bangsa modern Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Brunei."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "malay", "culture", "language", "trade", "maritime", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/malay-people"}, {"id": "minangkabau-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Minangkabau People", "zh": "米南加保人", "id": "Suku Minangkabau"}, "summary": {"en": "An ethnic group from West Sumatra, Indonesia, known for their matrilineal society, distinctive Rumah Gadang architecture, and world-famous cuisine including Rendang.", "zh": "源自西苏门答腊的族群，以其母系社会、独特的加当屋建筑和包括巴东牛肉在内的世界著名美食而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis dari Sumatera Barat, terkenal dengan sistem matrilineal, arsitektur Rumah Gadang, dan kuliner terkenal seperti Rendang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 29, "tags": ["ethnicity", "minangkabau", "sumatra", "west-sumatra", "matrilineal", "rendang", "rumah-gadang"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/minangkabau-people"}, {"id": "peranakan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Peranakan", "zh": "土生华人", "id": "Peranakan"}, "summary": {"en": "The descendants of Chinese migrants who settled in the Malay Archipelago centuries ago and intermarried with local women, creating a distinctive hybrid culture that blends Chinese and Malay or Javanese traditions — a community known for its unique language, cuisine, architecture, and customs, and a living testament to the cultural synthesis that defines the archipelago.", "zh": "几个世纪前定居于马来群岛并与当地妇女通婚的中国移民后裔，创造了一种融合华人与马来或爪哇传统的独特混合文化——一个以其独特的语言、美食、建筑和习俗而闻名的社群，也是定义群岛的文化融合的活态见证。", "id": "Keturunan migran Cina yang menetap di Nusantara berabad-abad lalu dan menikah dengan wanita lokal, menciptakan budaya hibrida yang khas yang memadukan tradisi Cina dan Melayu atau Jawa — sebuah komunitas yang dikenal dengan bahasa, kuliner, arsitektur, dan adat istiadatnya yang unik, dan bukti hidup dari sintesis budaya yang mendefinisikan Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "peranakan", "chinese", "hybrid-culture", "baba-nyonya", "malay", "javanese", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/peranakan"}, {"id": "sasak-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Sasak People", "zh": "萨萨克人", "id": "Suku Sasak"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous people of Lombok Island, forming the majority of its population — a community defined by a unique blend of Islamic faith and ancestral traditions, a rich oral literary heritage, and a social structure shaped by centuries of Balinese influence and Dutch colonial rule.", "zh": "龙目岛的原住民，构成该岛人口的大多数——一个由伊斯兰信仰与祖先传统的独特融合、丰富的口述文学遗产以及数百年巴厘影响和荷兰殖民统治所塑造的社会结构所定义的社群。", "id": "Masyarakat asli Pulau Lombok, membentuk mayoritas penduduknya — sebuah komunitas yang didefinisikan oleh perpaduan unik antara iman Islam dan tradisi leluhur, warisan sastra lisan yang kaya, dan struktur sosial yang dibentuk oleh pengaruh Bali selama berabad-abad dan pemerintahan kolonial Belanda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "lombok", "nusa-tenggara", "islam", "wetu-telu", "oral-tradition", "tembeq", "bali"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/sasak-people"}, {"id": "spirit-beliefs", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Spirit Beliefs in the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛的精灵信仰", "id": "Kepercayaan Roh di Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The indigenous beliefs in spirits that permeate the traditional cultures of the Indonesian archipelago — a world of nature spirits, ancestral spirits, and guardian spirits that inhabit the forests, rivers, mountains, and villages, influencing the daily lives and rituals of communities across the archipelago.", "zh": "渗透于印度尼西亚群岛传统文化的本土精灵信仰——一个居住于森林、河流、山脉和村庄的自然之灵、祖先之灵和守护之灵的世界，影响着群岛各地社区的日常生活和仪式。", "id": "Kepercayaan asli terhadap roh yang meresap ke dalam budaya tradisional Nusantara — sebuah dunia roh alam, roh leluhur, dan roh penjaga yang mendiami hutan, sungai, gunung, dan desa, mempengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari dan ritual masyarakat di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["religion", "animism", "spirits", "indigenous", "ritual", "nature", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/spirit-beliefs"}, {"id": "sundanese-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Sundanese People", "zh": "巽他人", "id": "Suku Sunda"}, "summary": {"en": "The second-largest ethnic group in Indonesia, originating from West Java, known for their musical tradition, artistic refinement, and gentle social demeanor.", "zh": "印度尼西亚第二大族群，源自西爪哇，以音乐传统、艺术精致和温和的社会气质而闻名。", "id": "Kelompok etnis terbesar kedua di Indonesia, berasal dari Jawa Barat, terkenal dengan tradisi musik, kehalusan artistik, dan sikap sosial yang lembut."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 25, "tags": ["ethnicity", "sundanese", "west-java", "culture", "music", "arts"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/sundanese-people"}, {"id": "toraja-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Toraja Culture", "zh": "托拉查文化", "id": "Budaya Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "A highland civilization where the living and the dead share the same world—a culture of towering roofs, hanging coffins, and buffalo sacrifices, where death is not an end but a celebration, and where the ancestors are never truly gone.", "zh": "一个生者与死者共享同一世界的高地文明——一种拥有高耸屋顶、悬棺和水牛献祭的文化，在此死亡不是终结而是庆典，祖先从未真正离去。", "id": "Peradaban dataran tinggi di mana yang hidup dan yang mati berbagi dunia yang sama—budaya atap menjulang, peti mati bergantung, dan kurban kerbau, di mana kematian bukan akhir tetapi perayaan, dan di mana leluhur tidak pernah benar-benar pergi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["index", "culture", "toraja", "sulawesi", "ancestor-worship", "aluk-todolo", "rambu-solo", "tongkonan"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/toraja-culture"}, {"id": "toraja-people", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Toraja People", "zh": "托拉查人", "id": "Suku Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "The mountain people of South Sulawesi who build houses that point to the sky and bury their dead in cliffs—a people who believe that death is not an end but a journey, that the ancestors are never truly gone, and that the boundary between the living and the dead is thinner than the mist that hangs over their valleys.", "zh": "南苏拉威西的山地民族，建造指向天空的房屋，将死者葬于悬崖——一个相信死亡不是终结而是旅程、祖先从未真正离去、生者与死者之间的边界比笼罩山谷的雾气更薄的民族。", "id": "Masyarakat pegunungan Sulawesi Selatan yang membangun rumah yang menunjuk ke langit dan menguburkan orang mati mereka di tebing—masyarakat yang percaya bahwa kematian bukanlah akhir tetapi perjalanan, bahwa leluhur tidak pernah benar-benar pergi, dan bahwa batas antara yang hidup dan yang mati lebih tipis dari kabut yang menyelimuti lembah mereka."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 17, "tags": ["ethnic-group", "toraja", "sulawesi", "funeral", "ancestor-worship", "aluk-todolo", "tongkonan", "rambu-solo"], "url": "./library/05_culture/ethnic-groups/toraja-people"}, {"id": "indonesian-folklore", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Folklore", "zh": "印尼民间故事总览", "id": "Cerita Rakyat Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The oral traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — folktales, myths, legends, and fables passed down through generations — each a vessel of wisdom, a memory of the old world, and a thread connecting the human to the divine.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的口述传统——代代相传的民间故事、神话、传说和寓言——每一个都是智慧的容器、旧世界的记忆，以及连接人与神之间的丝线。", "id": "Tradisi lisan kepulauan Nusantara — cerita rakyat, mitos, legenda, dan fabel yang diwariskan turun-temurun — masing-masing wadah kebijaksanaan, ingatan dunia lama, dan benang yang menghubungkan manusia dengan yang ilahi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "folktales", "legends", "myths", "javanese", "balinese", "sundanese"], "url": "./library/05_culture/folklore/indonesian-folklore"}, {"id": "javanese-folklore", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Javanese Folklore", "zh": "爪哇民间传说", "id": "Cerita Rakyat Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A vast and living tradition of stories, myths, and oral narratives that have shaped the Javanese worldview for centuries—a repository of wisdom, caution, and wonder, where the boundaries between the human and the spirit world are thin, and where every tale carries a lesson for those who know how to listen.", "zh": "数个世纪以来塑造了爪哇世界观的庞大而鲜活的传说、神话和口述叙事传统——一个智慧、警示与惊奇的知识宝库，在此人与灵性世界之间的边界薄弱，每个故事都为懂得倾听之人携带着教训。", "id": "Tradisi cerita, mitos, dan narasi lisan yang luas dan hidup yang telah membentuk pandangan dunia Jawa selama berabad-abad—gudang kearifan, peringatan, dan keajaiban, di mana batas antara dunia manusia dan dunia roh tipis, dan di mana setiap kisah membawa pelajaran bagi mereka yang tahu cara mendengarkan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["index", "folklore", "javanese", "oral-tradition", "mythology", "storytelling", "wayang", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/folklore/javanese-folklore"}, {"id": "pinisi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Pinisi", "zh": "皮尼西帆船", "id": "Pinisi"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Indonesian wooden sailing vessel, originating from the Bugis people of South Sulawesi — a ship of remarkable beauty and seaworthiness, built using centuries-old techniques, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, and a symbol of the maritime heritage that has connected the islands of the archipelago for centuries.", "zh": "一种传统的印度尼西亚木制帆船，起源于南苏拉威西的布吉斯人——一艘美丽而适航的船只，采用数百年历史的技术建造，被联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化遗产，也是几个世纪以来连接群岛岛屿的海洋遗产的象征。", "id": "Sebuah kapal layar kayu tradisional Indonesia, berasal dari masyarakat Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan — sebuah kapal dengan keindahan dan kelayakan laut yang luar biasa, dibangun menggunakan teknik berusia berabad-abad, diakui oleh UNESCO sebagai Warisan Budaya Takbenda, dan simbol warisan maritim yang telah menghubungkan pulau-pulau Nusantara selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "maritime", "ship", "bugis", "sulawesi", "unesco", "intangible-heritage", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/folklore/pinisi"}, {"id": "saka-calendar", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Saka Calendar", "zh": "萨卡历", "id": "Kalender Saka"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Hindu calendar system used in the Indonesian archipelago, particularly in Bali — a lunar-solar calendar that marks the passage of time through a cycle of years, months, and days, and is used to determine the dates of religious ceremonies, festivals, and agricultural activities, embodying the cosmic rhythms of the archipelago.", "zh": "印度尼西亚群岛，特别是巴厘岛使用的古老印度教历法系统——一种阴阳历，通过年、月、日的循环标记时间的流逝，用于确定宗教仪式、节日和农业活动的日期，体现了群岛的宇宙节奏。", "id": "Sebuah sistem kalender Hindu kuno yang digunakan di Nusantara, terutama di Bali — sebuah kalender lunar-solar yang menandai perjalanan waktu melalui siklus tahun, bulan, dan hari, dan digunakan untuk menentukan tanggal upacara keagamaan, festival, dan kegiatan pertanian, mewujudkan ritme kosmik Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["calendar", "hindu", "bali", "time", "ritual", "agriculture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/folklore/saka-calendar"}, {"id": "acehnese-language", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Acehnese Language", "zh": "亚齐语", "id": "Bahasa Aceh"}, "summary": {"en": "A major Austronesian language of the Chamic branch, spoken by the Acehnese people in the northern tip of Sumatra—a language of profound historical significance as the tongue of the first Islamic sultanate in the archipelago, preserving centuries of maritime trade, Islamic scholarship, and local wisdom.", "zh": "占语支的一种重要南岛语系语言，由苏门答腊北端的亚齐人使用——作为群岛第一个伊斯兰苏丹国的语言具有深远的历史意义，保存了数个世纪的海上贸易、伊斯兰学术和地方智慧。", "id": "Bahasa Austronesia utama dari cabang Chamik, dituturkan oleh masyarakat Aceh di ujung utara Sumatra—bahasa dengan signifikansi historis yang mendalam sebagai bahasa kesultanan Islam pertama di Nusantara, melestarikan perdagangan maritim, kesarjanaan Islam, dan kearifan lokal selama berabad-abad."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["language", "aceh", "austronesian", "chamic", "islam", "sumatra", "acehnese", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/acehnese-language"}, {"id": "indonesian-language", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Language", "zh": "印尼语", "id": "Bahasa Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The official language of Indonesia, a standardized form of Malay spoken by over 200 million people.", "zh": "印度尼西亚的官方语言，以马来语为基础的标准语，全国超过 2 亿人使用。它是印尼国家统一的重要纽带，也是东南亚地区使用最广泛的语言之一。", "id": "Bahasa resmi Indonesia, bentuk baku dari bahasa Melayu yang dituturkan oleh lebih dari 200 juta orang."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["language", "indonesian", "official", "austronesian", "lingua-franca"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/indonesian-language"}, {"id": "javanese-language-levels", "module": "05_culture", "type": "language", "name": {"en": "Javanese Language Levels", "zh": "爪哇语等级体系", "id": "Tingkatan Bahasa Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A unique feature of the Javanese language — the use of distinct speech levels (Ngoko, Madya, Krama) to express social hierarchy, respect, and spiritual awareness, reflecting the Javanese philosophy of harmony and duality.", "zh": "爪哇语的一个独特特征——使用不同言语等级来表达社会等级、尊重和精神意识，反映了爪哇人的和谐与二元性哲学。", "id": "Fitur unik bahasa Jawa — penggunaan tingkat tutur yang berbeda (Ngoko, Madya, Krama) untuk mengekspresikan hierarki sosial, rasa hormat, dan kesadaran spiritual, mencerminkan filosofi harmoni dan dualitas Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "language", "javanese", "speech-levels", "ngoko", "krama", "socio-linguistics", "rwa-bhineda"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/javanese-language-levels"}, {"id": "javanese-language", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Javanese Language", "zh": "爪哇语", "id": "Bahasa Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "The largest regional language in Indonesia, spoken by over 80 million people in Java and beyond.", "zh": "印尼最大的地方语言，使用人口超过 8,000 万，主要分布在爪哇岛中东部。爪哇语以其复杂的社会等级用语系统而闻名。", "id": "Bahasa daerah terbesar di Indonesia, dituturkan oleh lebih dari 80 juta orang di Jawa dan sekitarnya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["language", "javanese", "regional", "austronesian", "honorifics"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/javanese-language"}, {"id": "kawi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Kawi", "zh": "古爪哇语（卡维语）", "id": "Bahasa Kawi"}, "summary": {"en": "The classical literary language of Java—a bridge between the Sanskrit of ancient India and the modern languages of the archipelago, written in a script that evolved from the Pallava script of South India, used for centuries to compose epic poetry, religious texts, and royal inscriptions that shaped the soul of the Nusantara.", "zh": "爪哇的古典文学语言——古代印度梵语与现代群岛语言之间的桥梁，以从南印度帕拉瓦文字演变而来的文字书写，数世纪以来用于创作塑造了努山塔拉灵魂的史诗、宗教文本和皇家铭文。", "id": "Bahasa sastra klasik Jawa—jembatan antara bahasa Sanskerta India kuno dan bahasa-bahasa modern Nusantara, ditulis dalam aksara yang berevolusi dari aksara Pallava India Selatan, digunakan selama berabad-abad untuk menggubah puisi epik, teks keagamaan, dan prasasti kerajaan yang membentuk jiwa Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["language", "javanese", "literature", "kawi", "sanskrit", "old-javanese", "literary-language", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/kawi"}, {"id": "krama", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Krama (Javanese Honorific Speech Level)", "zh": "克拉玛（爪哇语敬语等级）", "id": "Krama"}, "summary": {"en": "The highest and most refined speech level in the Javanese language—used to express respect, social hierarchy, and emotional distance, embodying the Javanese values of *tata krama* (propriety) and *andhap asor* (humility), essential for navigating the complex social fabric of Javanese society.", "zh": "爪哇语中最高、最精緻的言语等级——用于表达尊重、社会等级和情感距离，体现了爪哇人*tata krama*（礼仪）和*andhap asor*（谦逊）的价值观，对于在爪哇社会复杂的社会结构中游走至关重要。", "id": "Tingkat tutur tertinggi dan paling halus dalam bahasa Jawa—digunakan untuk mengekspresikan rasa hormat, hierarki sosial, dan jarak emosional, mewujudkan nilai-nilai Jawa *tata krama* (kesopanan) dan *andhap asor* (kerendahan hati), penting untuk menavigasi tatanan sosial masyarakat Jawa yang rumit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["language", "javanese", "krama", "honorific", "social-hierarchy", "culture", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/krama"}, {"id": "malin kundang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Malin Kundang", "zh": "马林·昆当", "id": "Malin Kundang"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sumatran folktale of a son who betrays his mother — a story of ingratitude, karma, and the curses of the ancestors, set on the coast of West Sumatra.", "zh": "一个苏门答腊民间故事，讲述一个背叛母亲的儿子的故事——一个关于忘恩负义、业力与祖先诅咒的故事，发生在西苏门答腊海岸。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Sumatra tentang seorang anak laki-laki yang mengkhianati ibunya — kisah tentang ketidakberterima kasihan, karma, dan kutukan leluhur, berlatar di pesisir Sumatera Barat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "sumatra", "betrayal", "karma", "parental-curse"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/malin-kundang"}, {"id": "sanskrit", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Sanskrit", "zh": "梵文", "id": "Sanskerta"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Indo-Aryan language that served as the language of Hindu-Buddhist scholarship, literature, and ritual in the Indonesian archipelago for over a thousand years — the language of the Yupa inscriptions, the Kakawin epics, and the prayers of Balinese Hinduism, embodying the deep cultural and spiritual connections between the archipelago and the Indian subcontinent.", "zh": "一种古老的印度-雅利安语言，在印度尼西亚群岛作为印度教-佛教学术、文学和仪式的语言使用了一千多年——Yupa碑铭、卡卡温史诗和巴厘印度教祈祷的语言，体现了群岛与印度次大陆之间深厚的文化和精神联系。", "id": "Sebuah bahasa Indo-Arya kuno yang berfungsi sebagai bahasa keilmuan, sastra, dan ritual Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara selama lebih dari seribu tahun — bahasa prasasti Yupa, epik Kakawin, dan doa-doa Hindu Bali, mewujudkan hubungan budaya dan spiritual yang mendalam antara Nusantara dan anak benua India."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["language", "sanskrit", "hindu", "buddhist", "literature", "ritual", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/languages/sanskrit"}, {"id": "babad blambangan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Babad Blambangan", "zh": "巴兰班甘编年史", "id": "Babad Blambangan"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese chronicle recounting the history of the Blambangan kingdom in East Java—the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom to fall to the Islamic forces of Mataram, a story of resistance, exile, and the enduring spirit of the old faith.", "zh": "一部爪哇编年史，记载了东爪哇巴兰班甘王国的历史——最后一个被马打蓝伊斯兰力量征服的印度教-佛教王国，一个关于抵抗、流放和古老信仰持久精神的故事。", "id": "Babad Jawa yang menceritakan sejarah Kerajaan Blambangan di Jawa Timur—kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir yang jatuh ke tangan kekuatan Islam Mataram, kisah perlawanan, pengasingan, dan semangat abadi iman lama."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["literature", "chronicle", "blambangan", "east-java", "resistance", "hindu-buddhist", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/babad-blambangan"}, {"id": "bawang merah bawang putih", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Bawang Merah Bawang Putih", "zh": "红洋葱与白大蒜", "id": "Bawang Merah Bawang Putih"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale of two sisters — one kind and beautiful, the other selfish and cruel — a classic story of good versus evil, popular across Indonesia and Malaysia.", "zh": "一个爪哇民间故事，讲述两姐妹——一个善良美丽，另一个自私残忍——一个关于善与恶的经典故事，在印尼和马来西亚广为流传。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang dua saudara perempuan — satu baik dan cantik, yang lain egois dan kejam — kisah klasik tentang baik versus jahat, populer di Indonesia dan Malaysia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "java", "sisters", "good-vs-evil", "popular"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/bawang-merah-bawang-putih"}, {"id": "buru-quartet", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Buru Quartet", "zh": "布鲁岛四部曲", "id": "Tetralogi Buru"}, "summary": {"en": "An epic four-novel series by Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer, composed orally during his imprisonment on Buru Island—a sweeping historical narrative that traces the birth of Indonesian nationalism through the eyes of Minke, a young Javanese aristocrat, and stands as one of the most important works of modern Southeast Asian literature.", "zh": "印尼作家普拉姆迪亚·阿南达·杜尔在布鲁岛囚禁期间口述创作的四部史诗级小说——通过年轻的爪哇贵族明克的眼睛追溯印尼民族主义的诞生，是现代东南亚文学最重要的作品之一。", "id": "Seri empat novel epik karya penulis Indonesia Pramoedya Ananta Toer, digubah secara lisan selama pemenjaraannya di Pulau Buru—narasi sejarah yang luas yang menelusuri kelahiran nasionalisme Indonesia melalui mata Minke, seorang bangsawan Jawa muda, dan berdiri sebagai salah satu karya sastra Asia Tenggara modern yang paling penting."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["literature", "indonesian-literature", "novel", "historical-fiction", "pramoedya-ananta-toer", "nationalism", "colonialism", "buru-island"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/buru-quartet"}, {"id": "calon arang folktale", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Calon Arang Folktale", "zh": "加隆·阿朗", "id": "Calon Arang"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese folktale of the legendary witch Calon Arang — a story of black magic, sacrifice, and the battle between good and evil, deeply rooted in Balinese Hindu tradition.", "zh": "一个巴厘民间故事，讲述传奇女巫加隆·阿朗——一个关于黑魔法、牺牲和善恶之战的故事，深深植根于巴厘印度教传统。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Bali tentang penyihir legendaris Calon Arang — kisah sihir hitam, pengorbanan, dan pertempuran antara baik dan jahat, berakar dalam tradisi Hindu Bali."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "bali", "witch", "black-magic", "sacrifice", "good-vs-evil"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/calon-arang-folktale"}, {"id": "cindelaras", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Cindelaras", "zh": "辛德拉拉斯", "id": "Cindelaras"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale of a boy raised by a rooster — a story of fate, royal blood, and the power of an unexpected companion, popular in the wayang tradition.", "zh": "一个爪哇民间故事，讲述一个被公鸡养大的男孩——一个关于命运、王室血统和意想不到的伙伴力量的故事，在哇扬传统中广为流传。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang anak laki-laki yang dibesarkan oleh ayam jantan — kisah tentang takdir, darah bangsawan, dan kekuatan pendamping yang tak terduga, populer dalam tradisi wayang."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "java", "rooster", "royal-blood", "wayang"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/cindelaras"}, {"id": "contributions-to-the-theory-of-natural-selection", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection", "zh": "自然选择理论的贡献", "id": "Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection"}, "summary": {"en": "A collection of essays by Alfred Russel Wallace, the co-discoverer of natural selection—a work that gathers the foundational papers in which he independently conceived the theory of evolution, defended it against its critics, and extended it to the study of mimicry, instinct, and the development of human races.", "zh": "阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士——自然选择的共同发现者——的论文合集，收录了他独立构想进化论、为其辩护并将其扩展到拟态、本能和人类种族发展研究的基础论文。", "id": "Kumpulan esai oleh Alfred Russel Wallace, rekan penemu seleksi alam—karya yang mengumpulkan makalah-makalah fundamental di mana ia secara mandiri merumuskan teori evolusi, mempertahankannya dari para kritikus, dan memperluasnya ke studi mimikri, naluri, dan perkembangan ras manusia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["literature", "science", "evolution", "natural-selection", "wallace", "19th-century", "biology", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/contributions-to-the-theory-of-natural-selection"}, {"id": "dayak folktales", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Dayak Folktales", "zh": "达雅克民间故事", "id": "Cerita Rakyat Dayak"}, "summary": {"en": "The oral storytelling traditions of the Dayak people of Borneo — tales of forest spirits, ancestral heroes, and the creation of the world, carrying the spiritual and ecological wisdom of the island's indigenous people.", "zh": "婆罗洲达雅克人的口述说书传统——关于森林精灵、祖先英雄和创世的故事，承载着该岛原住民的灵性和生态智慧。", "id": "Tradisi bercerita lisan masyarakat Dayak Kalimantan — kisah tentang roh hutan, pahlawan leluhur, dan penciptaan dunia, membawa kebijaksanaan spiritual dan ekologis masyarakat adat pulau."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "dayak", "kalimantan", "oral-tradition", "forest-spirits"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/dayak-folktales"}, {"id": "folktales of the nusantara", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Folktales of the Nusantara", "zh": "印尼民间故事总览", "id": "Cerita Rakyat Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive map of the folklore traditions of the archipelago — from Javanese legends to Dayak oral epics, these tales carry the moral, philosophical, and spiritual wisdom of the islands.", "zh": "群岛民间传说传统的完整地图——从爪哇传说到达雅克口述史诗，这些故事承载着群岛的道德、哲学和灵性智慧。", "id": "Peta komprehensif tradîsi cerita rakyat Nusantara — dari legenda Jawa hingga epik lisan Dayak, kisah-kisah ini membawa kebijaksanaan moral, filosofis, dan spiritual kepulauan."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "tales", "legends", "oral-tradition", "wisdom"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/folktales-of-the-nusantara"}, {"id": "hikayat hang tuah", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Hikayat Hang Tuah", "zh": "杭·杜亚传奇", "id": "Hikayat Hang Tuah"}, "summary": {"en": "The great Malay epic of Hang Tuah—a tale of loyalty, friendship, and the clash between devotion to the Sultan and the demands of justice, composed between the 15th and 17th centuries and the foundation of Malay literary identity.", "zh": "关于杭·杜亚的伟大马来史诗——一个关于忠诚、友谊以及忠于苏丹与正义要求之间冲突的故事，创作于15至17世纪之间，是马来文学认同的基石。", "id": "Epik Melayu agung tentang Hang Tuah—kisah kesetiaan, persahabatan, dan benturan antara pengabdian kepada Sultan dan tuntutan keadilan, dikarang antara abad ke-15 dan ke-17 dan fondasi identitas sastra Melayu."}, "darklines": ["islamization-corridor", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["literature", "epic", "malay", "hang-tuah", "loyalty", "justice", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/hikayat-hang-tuah"}, {"id": "indonesian-literature", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Literature", "zh": "印尼文学总览", "id": "Sastra Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The literary traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — from Old Javanese kakawin and Malay hikayat to modern Indonesian novels and poetry — each a reflection of the archipelago's spiritual, political, and cultural journey.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的文学传统——从古爪哇卡卡温诗篇和马来希卡雅特传奇到现代印尼小说与诗歌——每一部都映照着群岛的精神、政治与文化之旅。", "id": "Tradisi sastra kepulauan Nusantara — dari kakawin Jawa Kuno dan hikayat Melayu hingga novel dan puisi Indonesia modern — masing-masing cerminan perjalanan spiritual, politik, dan budaya Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "literature", "kakawin", "hikayat", "javanese", "malay", "modern", "poetry"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/indonesian-literature"}, {"id": "jaka tarub", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Jaka Tarub", "zh": "查卡·塔鲁布", "id": "Jaka Tarub"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale of a young man who marries a heavenly nymph — a story of love, loss, and the consequences of breaking a promise, popular in Javanese and Sundanese traditions.", "zh": "一个爪哇民间故事，讲述一个与天界仙女结婚的年轻人——一个关于爱、失去和违背承诺后果的故事，在爪哇和巽他传统中广为流传。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang pemuda yang menikahi bidadari — kisah cinta, kehilangan, dan konsekuensi melanggar janji, populer dalam tradisi Jawa dan Sunda."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "java", "celestial-nymph", "love", "broken-promise"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/jaka-tarub"}, {"id": "kakawin-bharatayuddha", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Kakawin Bharatayuddha", "zh": "卡卡温《婆罗多战争》", "id": "Kakawin Bharatayuddha"}, "summary": {"en": "An Old Javanese epic poem composed in the 12th century during the Kediri Kingdom — a Javanese adaptation of the Mahabharata's climactic battle, considered one of the finest works of Javanese literature, blending Hindu mythology with Javanese aesthetics and philosophy.", "zh": "12世纪谏义里王国时期创作的古爪哇史诗——对《摩诃婆罗多》高潮战役的爪哇改编，被认为是爪哇文学最优秀的作品之一，融合了印度教神话与爪哇美学和哲学。", "id": "Sebuah puisi epik Jawa Kuno yang digubah pada abad ke-12 pada masa Kerajaan Kediri — sebuah adaptasi Jawa dari pertempuran klimaks Mahabharata, dianggap sebagai salah satu karya sastra Jawa terbaik, memadukan mitologi Hindu dengan estetika dan filosofi Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["literature", "epic", "javanese", "kakawin", "mahabharata", "kediri", "poetry", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/kakawin-bharatayuddha"}, {"id": "kakawin-literature", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Kakawin Literature", "zh": "卡卡温文学", "id": "Sastra Kakawin"}, "summary": {"en": "The classical Javanese poetic tradition written in Old Javanese (Kawi) — a sophisticated literary form that flourished between the 9th and 16th centuries, blending Indian epic themes with indigenous Javanese philosophy and cosmology.", "zh": "以古爪哇语（卡维语）书写的古典爪哇诗歌传统——一种在9至16世纪繁荣的精致文学形式，将印度史诗主题与本土爪哇哲学与宇宙观相融合。", "id": "Tradisi puisi Jawa klasik yang ditulis dalam bahasa Jawa Kuno (Kawi) — bentuk sastra canggih yang berkembang antara abad ke-9 dan ke-16, memadukan tema epik India dengan filosofi dan kosmologi Jawa asli."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["culture", "literature", "kakawin", "kawi", "java", "poetry", "majapahit", "ramayana"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/kakawin-literature"}, {"id": "keong emas", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Keong Emas", "zh": "金蜗牛", "id": "Keong Emas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale of a princess cursed to live as a golden snail — a story of patience, devotion, and the transformative power of love, popularized in the wayang tradition.", "zh": "一个爪哇民间故事，讲述一位公主被诅咒变成一只金蜗牛——一个关于耐心、奉献和爱的转化力量的故事，在哇扬传统中广为流传。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang seorang putri yang dikutuk hidup sebagai keong emas — kisah kesabaran, pengabdian, dan kekuatan transformatif cinta, dipopulerkan dalam tradisi wayang."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "java", "princess", "transformation", "curse", "wayang"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/keong-emas"}, {"id": "khe-panjang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Khe Panjang", "zh": "格·班江", "id": "Khe Panjang"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional form of Javanese poetry and oral literature, characterized by its rhythmic structure and moral teachings — a form of artistic expression that preserves Javanese values, philosophy, and history through the spoken word, performed at ceremonies, festivals, and communal gatherings.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇诗歌和口头文学形式，以其节奏结构和道德教化为特征——一种通过口头语言保存爪哇价值观、哲学和历史的艺术表达形式，在仪式、节日和社区聚会上表演。", "id": "Sebuah bentuk puisi dan sastra lisan tradisional Jawa, ditandai oleh struktur ritmis dan ajaran moralnya — sebuah bentuk ekspresi artistik yang melestarikan nilai-nilai, filosofi, dan sejarah Jawa melalui kata-kata yang diucapkan, dipentaskan di upacara, festival, dan pertemuan komunal."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["literature", "poetry", "oral-tradition", "javanese", "performance", "moral-teaching", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/khe-panjang"}, {"id": "legend of tangkuban perahu", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Legend of Tangkuban Perahu", "zh": "唐库班·佩拉胡", "id": "Legenda Tangkuban Perahu"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sundanese folktale explaining the origin of Mount Tangkuban Perahu — a story of forbidden love, divine intervention, and the creation of one of West Java's most iconic landscapes.", "zh": "一个解释唐库班·佩拉胡火山起源的巽他民间故事——一个关于禁忌之爱、神圣干预和西爪哇最具标志性景观之一诞生的故事。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Sunda yang menjelaskan asal-usul Gunung Tangkuban Perahu — kisah cinta terlarang, intervensi ilahi, dan penciptaan salah satu lanskap paling ikonik Jawa Barat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "sunda", "java", "mountain-creation", "forbidden-love"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/legend-of-tangkuban-perahu"}, {"id": "modern-indonesian-poetry", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Modern Indonesian Poetry", "zh": "现代印尼诗歌", "id": "Puisi Indonesia Modern"}, "summary": {"en": "A vital tradition of poetry that flourished during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949) and the early decades of independence — giving voice to the nation's hopes, fears, and revolutionary spirit.", "zh": "在印尼民族革命期间及独立后数十年繁荣发展的诗歌传统——为民族的声音、恐惧和革命精神代言。", "id": "Tradisi puisi yang berkembang pesat selama Revolusi Nasional Indonesia dan dekade-dekade awal kemerdekaan — memberikan suara bagi harapan, ketakutan, dan semangat revolusioner bangsa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "literature", "poetry", "modern", "independence", "1945", "chairil-anwar", "dark-line-4"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/modern-indonesian-poetry"}, {"id": "oral-epic-tradition", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Oral Epic Traditions", "zh": "口述史诗传统", "id": "Tradisi Epik Lisan"}, "summary": {"en": "The living oral traditions of the Nusantara archipelago—epic poems, myths, and legends transmitted orally from generation to generation, preserved by the Toraja, Dayak, Batak, and other communities, carrying the memory of the ancestors and the wisdom of the hidden realm.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛活着的口述传统——代代口头相传的史诗、神话和传说，由托拉查、达雅克、巴塔克等社区保存，承载着祖先的记忆和隐藏领域的智慧。", "id": "Tradisi lisan hidup di Nusantara—puisi epik, mitos, dan legenda yang ditransmisikan secara lisan dari generasi ke generasi, dilestarikan oleh masyarakat Toraja, Dayak, Batak, dan lainnya, membawa ingatan leluhur dan kebijaksanaan alam gaib."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["literature", "oral", "epic", "folklore", "toraja", "dayak", "batak", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/oral-epic-tradition"}, {"id": "panca-mahabhuta", "module": "05_culture", "type": "philosophy", "name": {"en": "Panca Mahabhuta", "zh": "五大元素", "id": "Panca Mahabhuta"}, "summary": {"en": "The five great elements of Javanese-Balinese cosmology — earth, water, fire, air, and ether — which form the material and spiritual foundation of the universe, permeating everything from temple architecture to ritual practice.", "zh": "爪哇-巴厘宇宙论的五大元素——地、水、火、风、空——构成宇宙的物质与灵性基础，渗透于从寺庙建筑到仪式实践的方方面面。", "id": "Lima elemen besar kosmologi Jawa-Bali — bumi, air, api, angin, dan eter — yang membentuk fondasi material dan spiritual alam semesta, meresapi segala sesuatu dari arsitektur candi hingga praktik ritual."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 10, "tags": ["philosophy", "cosmology", "hindu-buddhist", "java", "bali", "elements", "panca-mahabhuta", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/panca-mahabhuta"}, {"id": "papuan folktales", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Papuan Folktales", "zh": "巴布亚民间故事", "id": "Cerita Rakyat Papua"}, "summary": {"en": "The oral traditions of the indigenous peoples of Papua — stories of the creation of the mountains, the first humans, and the spirits of the forest, preserving the wisdom of one of the world's most ancient cultures.", "zh": "巴布亚原住民的口述传统——关于山脉诞生、最初的人类和森林之灵的故事，保存着世界上最古老文化之一的智慧。", "id": "Tradisi lisan masyarakat adat Papua — kisah penciptaan gunung, manusia pertama, dan roh hutan, melestarikan kebijaksanaan salah satu budaya tertua di dunia."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "papua", "oral-tradition", "creation-stories", "forest-spirits"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/papuan-folktales"}, {"id": "pararaton", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Pararaton", "zh": "帕拉腊顿", "id": "Pararaton"}, "summary": {"en": "A 16th-century Javanese historical chronicle, also known as the \"Book of Kings\" — a semi-legendary account of the kings of Java from the Singhasari to the Majapahit period, containing both historical facts and mythological elements, and serving as one of the most important sources for understanding the history of Java.", "zh": "16世纪的爪哇历史编年史，又称“诸王书”——一部关于从新柯沙里到满者伯夷时期爪哇国王的半传奇记述，包含了历史事实和神话元素，是了解爪哇历史最重要的资料来源之一。", "id": "Sebuah babad sejarah Jawa abad ke-16, juga dikenal sebagai \"Kitab Raja-raja\" — sebuah catatan semi-legendaris tentang raja-raja Jawa dari periode Singhasari hingga Majapahit, berisi fakta sejarah dan unsur mitologis, dan berfungsi sebagai salah satu sumber terpenting untuk memahami sejarah Jawa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["literature", "history", "javanese", "chronicle", "majapahit", "singhasari", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/pararaton"}, {"id": "pujangga-literature", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Pujangga Literature", "zh": "布姜加文学", "id": "Sastra Pujangga"}, "summary": {"en": "The Javanese court literature that flourished during the Islamic-era Mataram Sultanate (16th–18th centuries) — a poetic tradition that bridged the Hindu-Buddhist past and the Islamic present, preserving the wisdom of the old while embracing the faith of the new.", "zh": "伊斯兰时期马打蓝苏丹国（16–18世纪）繁荣的爪哇宫廷文学——一种连接印度教-佛教过去与伊斯兰现在的诗歌传统，在拥抱新信仰的同时保存了旧时代的智慧。", "id": "Sastra istana Jawa yang berkembang pada masa Kesultanan Mataram Islam (abad ke-16–18) — tradisi puisi yang menjembatani masa lalu Hindu-Buddha dan masa kini Islam, melestarikan kebijaksanaan lama sambil merangkul iman baru."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["culture", "literature", "pujangga", "mataram", "java", "poetry", "islamization", "serat"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/pujangga-literature"}, {"id": "sangkuriang", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Sangkuriang", "zh": "桑库里昂", "id": "Sangkuriang"}, "summary": {"en": "A Sundanese folktale of a young man who falls in love with his own mother — a tragic story of fate, forbidden love, and the creation of the legendary Mount Tangkuban Perahu.", "zh": "一个巽他民间故事，讲述一个年轻男子爱上了自己的母亲——一个关于命运、禁忌之爱和传奇的唐库班·佩拉胡火山诞生的悲剧故事。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Sunda tentang seorang pemuda yang jatuh cinta dengan ibunya sendiri — kisah tragis tentang takdir, cinta terlarang, dan penciptaan Gunung Tangkuban Perahu yang legendaris."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "sunda", "java", "tragic", "forbidden-love", "mountain-creation", "legend"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/sangkuriang"}, {"id": "serat-centhini", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Serat Centhini", "zh": "岑蒂尼书", "id": "Serat Centhini"}, "summary": {"en": "The greatest literary masterpiece of the Javanese court—a twelve-volume epic that contains the entire world of Java, written in verse and song by three court poets under the direction of a crown prince, a work so vast that it is called the encyclopedia of Javanese culture and the pinnacle of mystical synthesis.", "zh": "爪哇宫廷最伟大的文学杰作——一部十二卷的史诗，包含了整个爪哇世界，由三位宫廷诗人在一位王储的指导下以诗歌和歌谣的形式写成，一部庞大到被称为爪哇文化百科全书和神秘主义综合巅峰的作品。", "id": "Mahakarya sastra istana Jawa terbesar—epik dua belas jilid yang berisi seluruh dunia Jawa, ditulis dalam bentuk puisi dan tembang oleh tiga pujangga istana di bawah arahan seorang putra mahkota, karya yang begitu luas sehingga disebut ensiklopedia budaya Jawa dan puncak sintesis mistis."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["literature", "javanese", "epic", "suluk", "mysticism", "encyclopaedia", "court-literature", "pakubuwono-v"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/serat-centhini"}, {"id": "suluk literature", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Suluk Literature", "zh": "苏鲁克文学", "id": "Sastra Suluk"}, "summary": {"en": "A mystical Javanese literary tradition—poetic works that explore the nature of God, the soul, and the path to spiritual union, composed by Islamic scholars and Sufi mystics during the Mataram period.", "zh": "一种神秘的爪哇文学传统——探索神性本质、灵魂本质以及通往灵性合一之路的诗作，由马打蓝时期的伊斯兰学者和苏菲神秘主义者创作。", "id": "Tradisi sastra mistis Jawa—karya puisi yang mengeksplorasi hakikat Tuhan, jiwa, dan jalan menuju penyatuan spiritual, dikarang oleh ulama Islam dan mistikus Sufi pada masa Mataram."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["literature", "suluk", "mysticism", "sufism", "java", "mataram", "islamization", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/suluk-literature"}, {"id": "suluk-literature", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Suluk Literature", "zh": "苏鲁克文学（爪哇神秘主义诗歌）", "id": "Sastra Suluk"}, "summary": {"en": "A mystical Javanese literary tradition that emerged at the intersection of Sufism and Javanese spirituality—a body of poetry and prose that speaks in riddles, where the beloved is God, the wine is divine love, and the journey is the soul's passage from illusion to truth.", "zh": "一种在苏菲主义与爪哇灵性交汇处诞生的神秘主义爪哇文学传统——以谜语般的诗歌与散文为载体，其中爱人是神，酒是圣爱，旅程是灵魂从幻象通往真理的征程。", "id": "Tradisi sastra mistis Jawa yang lahir di pertemuan antara Sufisme dan spiritualitas Jawa—kumpulan puisi dan prosa yang berbicara dalam teka-teki, di mana kekasih adalah Tuhan, anggur adalah cinta ilahi, dan perjalanan adalah perjalanan jiwa dari ilusi menuju kebenaran."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["literature", "javanese", "mysticism", "sufism", "poetry", "suluk", "kejawen", "wali-songo"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/suluk-literature"}, {"id": "sutasoma", "module": "05_culture", "type": "literature", "name": {"en": "Kakawin Sutasoma", "zh": "卡卡温《苏塔索玛》", "id": "Kakawin Sutasoma"}, "summary": {"en": "A 14th-century Javanese epic poem composed by Mpu Tantular — a work that famously proclaimed the phrase \"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\" (Unity in Diversity), which later became the national motto of Indonesia, and a testament to the religious harmony and cultural synthesis of the Majapahit Empire.", "zh": "14世纪由姆普·坦图拉尔创作的爪哇史诗——一部以“Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”（异中有同）这一名言而闻名的作品，后来成为印度尼西亚的国家格言，也是满者伯夷帝国宗教和谐与文化融合的见证。", "id": "Sebuah puisi epik Jawa abad ke-14 yang digubah oleh Mpu Tantular — sebuah karya yang terkenal dengan ungkapan \"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\" (Bersatu dalam Keberagaman), yang kemudian menjadi semboyan nasional Indonesia, dan sebuah kesaksian tentang harmoni agama dan sintesis budaya Kerajaan Majapahit."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["literature", "epic", "javanese", "kakawin", "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "majapahit", "harmony", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/sutasoma"}, {"id": "the-malay-archipelago", "module": "05_culture", "type": "book", "name": {"en": "The Malay Archipelago", "zh": "马来群岛", "id": "Kepulauan Melayu"}, "summary": {"en": "A landmark scientific travelogue by British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, chronicling his eight-year (1854–1862) exploration of the Malay Archipelago—a work that provided crucial evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection, established the foundational principles of biogeography, and remains one of the most influential books ever written about the region.", "zh": "英国博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士的里程碑式科学游记，记录了他对马来群岛长达八年（1854-1862）的探索——这部作品为自然选择进化论提供了关键证据，奠定了生物地理学的基础原理，至今仍是关于该地区最具影响力的著作之一。", "id": "Sebuah karya travelog ilmiah penting oleh naturalis Inggris Alfred Russel Wallace, yang mencatat eksplorasinya selama delapan tahun (1854–1862) di Kepulauan Melayu—sebuah karya yang memberikan bukti penting bagi teori evolusi melalui seleksi alam, menetapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar biogeografi, dan tetap menjadi salah satu buku paling berpengaruh yang pernah ditulis tentang wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["book", "travelogue", "natural-history", "evolution", "biogeography", "colonial-era", "wallace-line", "victorian-science"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/the-malay-archipelago"}, {"id": "timun mas", "module": "05_culture", "type": "folklore", "name": {"en": "Timun Mas", "zh": "金黄瓜", "id": "Timun Mas"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese folktale of a brave girl who escapes a giant with the help of magical seeds — a story of courage, cunning, and the triumph of the weak over the strong.", "zh": "一个爪哇民间故事，讲述一个勇敢的女孩在魔法种子的帮助下逃脱巨人的追捕——一个关于勇气、智慧和弱者战胜强者的故事。", "id": "Cerita rakyat Jawa tentang gadis berani yang melarikan diri dari raksasa dengan bantuan biji ajaib — kisah keberanian, kelicikan, dan kemenangan yang lemah atas yang kuat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "folklore", "java", "giant", "magical-seeds", "courage"], "url": "./library/05_culture/literature/timun-mas"}, {"id": "Jamu Traditional Medicine", "module": "05_culture", "type": "philosophy", "name": {"en": "Jamu Traditional Medicine", "zh": "佳木传统草药", "id": "Jamu"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancient herbal medicine tradition of Java — a living system of health and healing based on the balance of the elements, the flow of mana, and the wisdom of the ancestors, practiced for over a thousand years.", "zh": "爪哇古老的草药医学传统——一个基于元素平衡、灵力流动和祖先智慧的健康与疗愈活态体系，已实践超过一千年。", "id": "Tradisi pengobatan herbal kuno Jawa — sistem kesehatan dan penyembuhan hidup yang didasarkan pada keseimbangan elemen, aliran mana, dan kebijaksanaan leluhur, dipraktikkan selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "medicine", "jamu", "herbal", "java", "healing", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/Jamu-Traditional-Medicine"}, {"id": "Javanese Massage", "module": "05_culture", "type": "philosophy", "name": {"en": "Javanese Massage", "zh": "爪哇传统推拿", "id": "Pijat Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese therapeutic massage — a technique that balances the body's energy, releases blocked mana, and restores the harmony of the elements, using pressure, stretching, and herbal oils.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇治疗性推拿——通过按压、拉伸和草药油来平衡身体能量、释放被阻塞的灵力、恢复元素的和谐。", "id": "Pijat terapeutik tradisional Jawa — teknik yang menyeimbangkan energi tubuh, melepaskan mana yang tersumbat, dan mengembalikan harmoni elemen, menggunakan tekanan, peregangan, dan minyak herbal."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "massage", "java", "healing", "energy-work", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/Javanese-Massage"}, {"id": "Rupa", "module": "05_culture", "type": "philosophy", "name": {"en": "Rupa", "zh": "鲁帕（形相/美学）", "id": "Rupa"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese concept of form and beauty — not just visual appearance, but the harmony of proportion, balance, and spiritual resonance that makes an object, performance, or person \"right\" in the eyes of the cosmos.", "zh": "爪哇关于形式与美的概念——不仅是视觉外观，而是比例、平衡与精神共鸣的和谐，使物体、表演或人在宇宙眼中显得“正确”。", "id": "Konsep Jawa tentang bentuk dan keindahan — bukan hanya penampilan visual, tetapi harmoni proporsi, keseimbangan, dan resonansi spiritual yang membuat suatu objek, pertunjukan, atau orang \"benar\" di mata kosmos."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "philosophy", "java", "aesthetics", "rupa", "harmony", "balance"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/Rupa"}, {"id": "balinese-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Balinese Culture", "zh": "巴厘文化", "id": "Budaya Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "A vibrant and distinctive cultural tradition on the island of Bali, where Hinduism, ancestor worship, and artistic expression are woven into every aspect of daily life—from elaborate temple festivals and gamelan music to intricate dance-dramas and daily offerings of canang sari—representing one of the most enduring and celebrated cultural legacies of the Indonesian archipelago.", "zh": "巴厘岛上的充满活力和独特的文化传统，印度教、祖先崇拜和艺术表达融入了日常生活的方方面面——从精致的寺庙节日和甘美兰音乐到复杂的舞蹈戏剧和每日的卡南萨里供奉——代表了印度尼西亚群岛中最持久和最受赞誉的文化遗产之一。", "id": "Sebuah tradisi budaya yang hidup dan khas di pulau Bali, di mana Hindu, pemujaan leluhur, dan ekspresi artistik dijalin ke dalam setiap aspek kehidupan sehari-hari—dari festival pura yang rumit dan musik gamelan hingga sendratari yang rumit dan persembahan canang sari harian—mewakili salah satu warisan budaya yang paling abadi dan dirayakan di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 15, "tags": ["culture", "bali", "hindu", "dance", "gamelan", "ritual", "art", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/balinese-culture"}, {"id": "balinese-hinduism", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Balinese Hinduism", "zh": "巴厘印度教", "id": "Hindu Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "A unique and richly syncretic form of Hinduism practiced on the island of Bali—a vibrant tradition that blends ancient Indian Vedic theology with indigenous animist beliefs, ancestor veneration, and Buddhist elements, expressed through intricate rituals, temple ceremonies, and the philosophy of harmony between humans, nature, and the divine.", "zh": "一种在巴厘岛上实践的独特且高度融合的印度教形式——一种将古老的印度吠陀神学与本土万物有灵信仰、祖先崇拜和佛教元素相融合的生动传统，通过精緻的仪式、寺庙典礼以及人、自然与神性之间和谐的哲学来表达。", "id": "Bentuk Hindu yang unik dan sangat sinkretis yang dipraktikkan di pulau Bali—tradisi dinamis yang memadukan teologi Veda India kuno dengan kepercayaan animis asli, pemujaan leluhur, dan unsur Buddha, diekspresikan melalui ritual rumit, upacara kuil, dan filosofi harmoni antara manusia, alam, dan yang ilahi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 29, "tags": ["philosophy", "religion", "bali", "hinduism", "syncretism", "ritual", "tirtha", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/balinese-hinduism"}, {"id": "dukun shaman", "module": "05_culture", "type": "philosophy", "name": {"en": "Dukun Shaman", "zh": "杜昆萨满", "id": "Dukun"}, "summary": {"en": "The traditional shaman of the Javanese and broader Nusantara tradition — a healer, a spiritual guide, a mediator between the human world and the spirit world, who works through trance, herbal medicine, and ritual.", "zh": "爪哇及更广泛的努山塔拉传统中的萨满——疗愈者、灵性导师、人类世界与精灵世界之间的调解者，通过出神、草药医学和仪式来工作。", "id": "Dukun tradisional Jawa dan Nusantara — penyembuh, pemandu spiritual, mediator antara dunia manusia dan dunia roh, yang bekerja melalui trance, pengobatan herbal, dan ritual."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "shaman", "dukun", "java", "bali", "kalimantan", "sulawesi", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/dukun-shaman"}, {"id": "islam-in-indonesia", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Islam in Indonesia", "zh": "印尼伊斯兰教", "id": "Islam di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The world's largest Muslim-majority nation, where Islam arrived through peaceful trade routes in the 13th century and evolved into a distinctive, syncretic tradition—shaped by Javanese mysticism, local customs, and centuries of cultural synthesis, creating a uniquely Indonesian expression of the faith.", "zh": "世界上最大的穆斯林人口国家，伊斯兰教通过和平贸易路线于13世纪到达，并演变为一种独特的融合传统——由爪哇神秘主义、地方习俗和几个世纪的文化综合塑造，创造了一种独特的印尼式信仰表达。", "id": "Negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia, di mana Islam tiba melalui jalur perdagangan damai pada abad ke-13 dan berevolusi menjadi tradisi yang khas dan sinkretis—dibentuk oleh mistisisme Jawa, adat lokal, dan sintesis budaya selama berabad-abad, menciptakan ekspresi iman yang unik di Indonesia."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 48, "tags": ["religion", "islam", "javanese-culture", "syncretism", "wali-songo", "trade", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/islam-in-indonesia"}, {"id": "javanese-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Javanese Culture", "zh": "爪哇文化", "id": "Budaya Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A comprehensive overview of Javanese culture—one of the most sophisticated and historically influential cultures in the Nusantara, shaped by centuries of Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and colonial influences, defined by a profound philosophy of balance, refined arts, intricate social structures, and enduring spiritual traditions.", "zh": "爪哇文化的全面总览——努山塔拉最精緻、历史影响力最深远的文�之一，经由数个世纪的印度教-佛教、伊斯兰教和殖民影响而形成，以深刻的平衡哲学、精緻的艺术、复杂的社会结构和持久的灵性传统为特征。", "id": "Ikhtisar komprehensif tentang budaya Jawa—salah satu budaya paling canggih dan berpengaruh secara historis di Nusantara, dibentuk oleh pengaruh Hindu-Buddha, Islam, dan kolonial selama berabad-abad, didefinisikan oleh filosofi keseimbangan yang mendalam, seni yang halus, struktur sosial yang rumit, dan tradisi spiritual yang abadi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 52, "tags": ["index", "culture", "java", "javanese", "overview", "philosophy", "arts", "tradition"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/javanese-culture"}, {"id": "javanese-philosophy", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Javanese Philosophy", "zh": "爪哇哲学", "id": "Filsafat Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A deep and intricate system of thought originating from the island of Java—rooted in the synthesis of indigenous animism, Hindu-Buddhist cosmology, and Islamic spirituality, it seeks to understand the nature of existence, the purpose of life, and the relationship between the visible world, the human soul, and the divine.", "zh": "一种源自爪哇岛深邃而复杂的哲学体系——植根于本土万物有灵论、印度教-佛教宇宙观和伊斯兰灵性的融合，它试图理解存在的本质、生命的目的，以及可见世界、人类灵魂与神性之间的关系。", "id": "Sistem pemikiran yang mendalam dan rumit yang berasal dari pulau Jawa—berakar dalam sintesis animisme asli, kosmologi Hindu-Buddha, dan spiritualitas Islam, ia berusaha memahami hakikat keberadaan, tujuan hidup, dan hubungan antara dunia yang terlihat, jiwa manusia, dan yang ilahi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 16, "tags": ["philosophy", "javanese", "kejawen", "cosmology", "ethics", "spirituality", "mysticism", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/javanese-philosophy"}, {"id": "kejawen", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Kejawen (Javanese Mysticism)", "zh": "爪哇神秘主义（Kejawen）", "id": "Kejawen"}, "summary": {"en": "A syncretic Javanese spiritual tradition that blends animism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam into a distinctive mystical worldview—a path of inner cultivation, spiritual discipline, and harmony with the cosmos, practiced by millions across the archipelago.", "zh": "一种融合了万物有灵论、印度教、佛教和伊斯兰教的爪哇灵性传统，形成了一种独特的神秘主义世界观——一条内在修炼、灵性纪律和与宇宙和谐共处的道路，由群岛各地数百万人实践。", "id": "Tradisi spiritual sinkretis Jawa yang memadukan animisme, Hindu, Buddha, dan Islam menjadi pandangan dunia mistis yang khas—jalan pembinaan batin, disiplin spiritual, dan harmoni dengan kosmos, dipraktikkan oleh jutaan orang di seluruh Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "islamization-corridor", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 31, "tags": ["philosophy", "javanese", "mysticism", "kejawen", "spirituality", "syncretism", "kebatinan", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/kejawen"}, {"id": "nrimo", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Nrimo", "zh": "接受", "id": "Nrimo"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese philosophical principle of acceptance—the practice of embracing fate without resentment, acknowledging the limits of human control while maintaining the dignity of the soul, and finding peace not in resistance but in surrender to the cosmic order.", "zh": "爪哇哲学中的接受原则——毫无怨言地拥抱命运，承认人类控制的极限同时保持灵魂的尊严，不是在抵抗中而是在臣服于宇宙秩序中找到平静。", "id": "Prinsip filosofis Jawa tentang penerimaan—praktik merangkul takdir tanpa kebencian, mengakui batas kendali manusia sambil menjaga martabat jiwa, dan menemukan kedamaian bukan dalam perlawanan tetapi dalam penyerahan pada tatanan kosmik."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["philosophy", "javanese", "ethics", "acceptance", "wayang", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/nrimo"}, {"id": "rasa", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Rasa", "zh": "内在感受", "id": "Rasa"}, "summary": {"en": "The foundational concept of Javanese epistemology—a deep intuitive perception that transcends ordinary thought, the faculty through which one perceives truth, beauty, and the presence of the divine, cultivated not through learning but through the purification of the heart.", "zh": "爪哇认识论的基础概念——一种超越常规思维的深层直觉感知，通过它人们感知真理、美和神圣的存在，不是通过学习而是通过净化心灵来培养。", "id": "Konsep dasar epistemologi Jawa—persepsi intuitif mendalam yang melampaui pemikiran biasa, kemampuan untuk merasakan kebenaran, keindahan, dan kehadiran ilahi, yang dikembangkan bukan melalui pembelajaran tetapi melalui pemurnian hati."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 14, "tags": ["philosophy", "javanese", "kejawen", "epistemology", "spirituality", "aesthetics", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/rasa"}, {"id": "religious-harmony", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Religious Harmony in Indonesia", "zh": "印尼宗教和谐", "id": "Harmoni Agama di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The tradition and practice of interfaith harmony in Indonesia, with Nyepi as a key case study.", "zh": "印尼跨宗教和谐共处的传统与实践，以静居日为关键案例。", "id": "Tradisi dan praktik harmoni antaragama di Indonesia, dengan Nyepi sebagai studi kasus kunci."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["concept", "culture", "religion", "harmony"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/religious-harmony"}, {"id": "sundanese-culture", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Sundanese Culture", "zh": "巽他文化", "id": "Budaya Sunda"}, "summary": {"en": "The rich and distinctive cultural tradition of the Sundanese people of West Java—a world of bamboo music (angklung, gamelan degung), refined dance and puppetry (wayang golek), vibrant oral literature (pantun), and a philosophy of harmony (*silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh*) that has shaped life in the Sundanese highlands for centuries, preserved in the courts of Sumedang and Cirebon and in the villages of the Priangan.", "zh": "西爪哇巽他人丰富而独特的文化传统——一个竹制音乐（昂格隆、德贡甘美兰）、精雅的舞蹈和木偶戏（哇扬戈莱克）、充满活力的口头文学（班顿）和和谐哲学（*silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh*）的世界，几个世纪以来塑造了巽他高地的生活，保存在苏梅当和井里汶的宫廷以及普里安甘的村庄中。", "id": "Tradisi budaya yang kaya dan khas dari masyarakat Sunda di Jawa Barat—sebuah dunia musik bambu (angklung, gamelan degung), tari dan wayang yang halus (wayang golek), sastra lisan yang hidup (pantun), dan filosofi harmoni (*silih asah, silih asih, silih asuh*) yang telah membentuk kehidupan di dataran tinggi Sunda selama berabad-abad, dilestarikan di istana Sumedang dan Cirebon serta di desa-desa Priangan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["culture", "sundanese", "west-java", "angklung", "wayang-golek", "pantun", "tradition", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/sundanese-culture"}, {"id": "tata", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Tata", "zh": "秩序", "id": "Tata"}, "summary": {"en": "A foundational concept of Javanese philosophy—the principle of order that governs the cosmos, society, and the self, the arrangement of things in their proper place, the structure that makes harmony possible, and the recognition that without order, there is only chaos.", "zh": "爪哇哲学的基础概念——支配宇宙、社会和自我的秩序原则，将事物安置于其应有之位的安排，使和谐成为可能的结构，以及认识到没有秩序就只有混沌的认知。", "id": "Konsep dasar filosofi Jawa—prinsip ketertiban yang mengatur kosmos, masyarakat, dan diri, pengaturan segala sesuatu pada tempatnya, struktur yang memungkinkan harmoni, dan pengakuan bahwa tanpa ketertiban, hanya ada kekacauan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["philosophy", "javanese", "ethics", "cosmology", "social-order", "harmony", "kejawen", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/tata"}, {"id": "tirtha", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Tirtha", "zh": "提尔塔（圣水）", "id": "Tirta"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred concept in Hindu-Balinese tradition, referring to holy water used for purification, blessing, and ritual cleansing—believed to carry divine energy (*sakti*) that cleanses impurity and restores spiritual balance, serving as a vital element in Balinese ceremonies from temple festivals to life-cycle rituals.", "zh": "印度教-巴厘传统中的神圣概念，指用于净化、祝福和仪式清洗的圣水——被认为携带神圣能量（*萨克蒂*），能清除不洁并恢复精神平衡，从寺庙节日到人生仪式，是巴厘仪式中的重要元素。", "id": "Sebuah konsep sakral dalam tradisi Hindu-Bali, merujuk pada air suci yang digunakan untuk pemurnian, pemberkatan, dan pembersihan ritual—dipercaya membawa energi ilahi (*sakti*) yang membersihkan ketidakmurnian dan memulihkan keseimbangan spiritual, menjadi elemen vital dalam upacara Bali dari festival pura hingga ritual daur hidup."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["philosophy", "hindu", "bali", "ritual", "purification", "water", "sakti", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/philosophy/tirtha"}, {"id": "bali agama tirtha", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Tirta Empul", "zh": "圣泉寺", "id": "Pura Tirta Empul"}, "summary": {"en": "Bali's holiest water temple, built in 962 CE during the Warmadewa dynasty—a sacred spring where Balinese Hindus perform the melukat purification ritual, believed to cleanse body and spirit through the thirty spouts of holy water that have flowed for over a thousand years.", "zh": "巴厘岛最神圣的水神庙，建于公元962年瓦马德瓦王朝时期——一处圣泉，巴厘印度教徒在此进行梅卢卡特净化仪式，相信通过三十个已流淌千年的圣水喷口可以净化身心。", "id": "Pura air suci paling suci di Bali, dibangun pada tahun 962 M pada masa dinasti Warmadewa—sebuah mata air suci di mana umat Hindu Bali melakukan ritual pemurnian melukat, yang diyakini dapat membersihkan tubuh dan roh melalui tiga puluh pancuran air suci yang telah mengalir selama lebih dari seribu tahun."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["religion", "bali", "hindu", "ritual", "purification", "water-temple", "tirtha", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"id": "balinese healing", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Balinese Healing", "zh": "巴厘灵性疗愈", "id": "Penyembuhan Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "The healing traditions of Bali — a synthesis of Hindu-Buddhist philosophy, herbal medicine, energy work, and spiritual ritual, where the healer is a bridge between the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "巴厘的疗愈传统——印度教-佛教哲学、草药医学、能量疗法和灵性仪式的综合，疗愈者是可见与不可见世界之间的桥梁。", "id": "Tradisi penyembuhan Bali — sintesis filsafat Hindu-Buddha, pengobatan herbal, kerja energi, dan ritual spiritual, di mana penyembuh adalah jembatan antara dunia yang terlihat dan tak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "bali", "healing", "spirituality", "energy-work", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/balinese-healing"}, {"id": "balinese-healing", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Balinese Healing", "zh": "巴厘传统疗愈", "id": "Pengobatan Tradisional Bali"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient holistic healing system originating from the island of Bali—a synthesis of Hindu philosophy, animist traditions, herbal medicine, energy work, and spiritual purification, practiced by healers known as *balian* to restore balance between the physical body, the spirit, and the cosmos.", "zh": "一种源自巴厘岛的古老整体疗愈体系——印度教哲学、万物有灵传统、草药医学、能量疗法和灵性净化的融合，由被称为*balian*的疗愈师实践，以恢复身体、灵性及宇宙之间的平衡。", "id": "Sistem penyembuhan holistik kuno yang berasal dari pulau Bali—perpaduan filsafat Hindu, tradisi animisme, jamu, terapi energi, dan pemurnian spiritual, dipraktikkan oleh penyembuh yang disebut *balian* untuk memulihkan keseimbangan antara tubuh fisik, roh, dan kosmos."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 13, "tags": ["culture", "healing", "bali", "traditional-medicine", "balian", "usada", "purification", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/balinese-healing"}, {"id": "dukun-shaman", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Dukun (Shaman)", "zh": "杜昆（巫医/萨满）", "id": "Dukun"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional Javanese and broader Indonesian shamanic healer who serves as a mediator between the human world and the spirit realm—practitioners of ancient knowledge who use herbs, mantras, rituals, and spiritual communication to diagnose and treat illnesses, both physical and metaphysical.", "zh": "一种传统的爪哇及更广泛印尼群岛的萨满疗愈师，充当人类世界与灵性领域之间的中介——运用草药、咒语、仪式和灵性沟通来诊断和治疗身体与灵性疾病的古老知识实践者。", "id": "Penyembah shamanik tradisional Jawa dan Nusantara yang berperan sebagai mediator antara dunia manusia dan alam roh—praktisi pengetahuan kuno yang menggunakan ramuan, mantra, ritual, dan komunikasi spiritual untuk mendiagnosis dan mengobati penyakit, baik fisik maupun metafisik."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["culture", "shaman", "healing", "java", "tradition", "spiritual", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/dukun-shaman"}, {"id": "galungan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Galungan", "zh": "加隆安节", "id": "Galungan"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese festival occurring every 210 days, publicly celebrated as the victory of dharma over adharma, but institutionally functioning as a fiscal reconciliation day and the sacrificial collection point for the 210-day cosmic contract.", "zh": "每210天举行一次的巴厘岛节日，公开庆祝为正法战胜非法，但制度上功能是财政对账日，同时也是210天宇宙契约的供品收集点。", "id": "Festival Bali yang terjadi setiap 210 hari, secara publik dirayakan sebagai kemenangan dharma atas adharma, tetapi secara institusional berfungsi sebagai hari rekonsiliasi fiskal dan titik pengumpulan persembahan untuk kontrak kosmik 210 hari."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 47, "tags": ["ritual", "bali", "calendar", "fiscal", "contract", "offering", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/galungan"}, {"id": "hinduism-in-indonesia", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Hinduism in Indonesia", "zh": "印尼印度教", "id": "Hindu di Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "One of Indonesia's six officially recognized religions, with a history spanning over 1,500 years—from the ancient Hindu kingdoms of Kutai and Tarumanegara to the magnificent temples of Prambanan and the living tradition of Balinese Hinduism, which preserves a unique synthesis of Indian theology, Javanese cosmology, and indigenous animist beliefs.", "zh": "印尼六大官方宗教之一，拥有超过1500年的历史——从库泰和塔鲁马纳加拉的古代印度教王国，到宏伟的普兰巴南寺庙，再到仍然存活的巴厘印度教传统，它保存了印度神学、爪哇宇宙观和本土万物有灵信仰的独特综合。", "id": "Salah satu dari enam agama yang diakui secara resmi di Indonesia, dengan sejarah lebih dari 1.500 tahun—dari kerajaan Hindu kuno Kutai dan Tarumanegara hingga candi megah Prambanan dan tradisi hidup Hindu Bali, yang melestarikan sintesis unik teologi India, kosmologi Jawa, dan kepercayaan animis asli."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 21, "tags": ["religion", "hinduism", "bali", "java", "indianization", "trimurti", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/hinduism-in-indonesia"}, {"id": "indonesian-festivals", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Festivals", "zh": "印尼传统节日", "id": "Festival Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The festival calendar of the Nusantara archipelago — a cycle of cosmic renewal, agricultural celebration, and spiritual communion that follows the rhythm of the 210-day contract and connects the human world to the realms of gods and ancestors.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛的节日历法——一个宇宙更新、农业庆典和精神交流的周期，遵循210天契约的节奏，将人类世界与诸神和祖先的领域连接起来。", "id": "Kalender festival kepulauan Nusantara — siklus pembaruan kosmik, perayaan pertanian, dan komunikasi spiritual yang mengikuti ritme kontrak 210 hari dan menghubungkan dunia manusia dengan alam dewa dan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["culture", "festival", "calendar", "ritual", "javanese", "balinese", "agriculture", "cosmic"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/indonesian-festivals"}, {"id": "indonesian-rituals", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Indonesian Rituals", "zh": "印尼传统仪式", "id": "Ritual Indonesia"}, "summary": {"en": "The diverse ritual traditions of the Nusantara archipelago — from life-cycle ceremonies and agricultural offerings to cosmic renewals and ancestral rites — each a thread in the fabric that connects the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉群岛丰富多样的仪式传统——从人生礼仪和农业祭祀到宇宙更新与祖先崇拜——每一条都是连接可见与不可见世界的织线。", "id": "Tradisi ritual yang beragam dari kepulauan Nusantara — dari upacara siklus hidup dan persembahan pertanian hingga pembaruan kosmik dan ritus leluhur — masing-masing benang dalam kain yang menghubungkan dunia yang terlihat dan tidak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 21, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "ceremony", "tradition", "javanese", "balinese", "ancestral", "agricultural"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/indonesian-rituals"}, {"id": "jamu-traditional-medicine", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Jamu (Traditional Herbal Medicine)", "zh": "佳木（传统草药医学）", "id": "Jamu"}, "summary": {"en": "An ancient Indonesian herbal medicine system, deeply rooted in the archipelago's history and culture—a holistic practice using natural ingredients such as roots, leaves, fruits, and spices to maintain health, treat illness, and restore spiritual balance, passed down through generations.", "zh": "一种古老的印度尼西亚草药医学体系，深深植根于群岛的历史与文化之中——一种使用根、叶、果实和香料等天然成分来维持健康、治疗疾病和恢复灵性平衡的整体实践，代代相传。", "id": "Sistem pengobatan herbal kuno Indonesia, berakar dalam sejarah dan budaya Nusantara—praktik holistik yang menggunakan bahan-bahan alami seperti akar, daun, buah, dan rempah-rempah untuk menjaga kesehatan, mengobati penyakit, dan memulihkan keseimbangan spiritual, diwariskan turun-temurun."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["culture", "medicine", "herbal", "jamu", "tradition", "wellness", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/jamu-traditional-medicine"}, {"id": "javanese-massage", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Javanese Massage", "zh": "爪哇传统按摩", "id": "Pijat Jawa"}, "summary": {"en": "A holistic healing practice that uses touch, pressure, and energy work to restore balance to the body and soul—a tradition of the hands that has been passed down through generations, where the healer listens not with the ears but with the fingertips, and where the body speaks a language that words cannot express.", "zh": "一种使用触摸、按压和能量工作来恢复身体与灵魂平衡的整体疗愈实践——一种代代相传的手的传统，疗愈师用指尖而非耳朵倾听，身体用一种言语无法表达的语言说话。", "id": "Praktik penyembuhan holistik yang menggunakan sentuhan, tekanan, dan kerja energi untuk memulihkan keseimbangan tubuh dan jiwa—tradisi tangan yang telah diwariskan turun-temurun, di mana penyembuh mendengar bukan dengan telinga tetapi dengan ujung jari, dan di mana tubuh berbicara dalam bahasa yang tidak dapat diungkapkan kata-kata."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["ritual", "healing", "massage", "javanese", "traditional-medicine", "energy-work", "jamu", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/javanese-massage"}, {"id": "melukat", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Melukat (Balinese Purification Ritual)", "zh": "梅卢卡特（巴厘净化仪式）", "id": "Melukat"}, "summary": {"en": "A sacred Balinese Hindu purification ritual using holy water (tirtha) to cleanse the body, mind, and soul of negative energies, spiritual pollutants, and karmic burdens—a profound spiritual practice that restores balance and harmony, performed at temples, holy springs, and sacred sites across the island.", "zh": "一种使用圣水（tirtha）净化身体、心灵和灵魂中负能量、灵性污染物和业力负担的巴厘印度教神圣净化仪式——一种恢复平衡与和谐的深刻灵性实践，在全岛的寺庙、圣泉和圣地举行。", "id": "Ritual pemurnian suci Hindu Bali yang menggunakan air suci (tirtha) untuk membersihkan tubuh, pikiran, dan jiwa dari energi negatif, polusi spiritual, dan beban karma—praktik spiritual mendalam yang memulihkan keseimbangan dan harmoni, dilakukan di pura, mata air suci, dan situs sakral di seluruh pulau."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 9, "tags": ["ritual", "bali", "purification", "hindu", "tirtha", "melukat", "holy-water", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/melukat"}, {"id": "ngaben", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Ngaben", "zh": "火葬仪式", "id": "Ngaben"}, "summary": {"en": "The Balinese cremation ceremony — a spectacular ritual that liberates the soul from the body, allowing it to ascend to the upper realm, marked by processions, towers, and the purifying fire of the gods.", "zh": "巴厘岛的火葬仪式——一场壮观的仪式，将灵魂从身体中解放，使其升入上界，以游行、高塔和众神的净化之火为标志。", "id": "Upacara kremasi Bali — ritual spektakuler yang membebaskan jiwa dari tubuh, membiarkannya naik ke alam atas, ditandai dengan prosesi, menara, dan api pemurnian para dewa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 18, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "bali", "ngaben", "death", "cremation", "purification", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/ngaben"}, {"id": "nyepi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "culture", "name": {"en": "Nyepi (Day of Silence)", "zh": "涅琵节（静居日）", "id": "Nyepi"}, "summary": {"en": "The Balinese Hindu New Year, marked by 24 hours of complete silence, fasting, and meditation.", "zh": "巴厘岛印度教新年，以 24 小时完全静居、斋戒和冥想为标志。全岛停用灯光和交通，是世界上最独特的静默新年。", "id": "Tahun Baru Hindu Bali, ditandai dengan 24 jam keheningan total, puasa, dan meditasi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 33, "tags": ["ritual", "balinese", "hinduism", "silence", "new-year"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/nyepi"}, {"id": "perang pandan", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Perang Pandan", "zh": "潘丹战争", "id": "Perang Pandan"}, "summary": {"en": "A Balinese ritual battle fought with thorny pandan leaves — a blood-offering to the spirits of the sea, performed annually by the village of Tenganan to ensure fertility and protection.", "zh": "一种以多刺露兜树叶为武器的巴厘仪式战斗——每年由登加南村为海洋精灵献血的祭品，以确保丰收与保护。", "id": "Pertarungan ritual Bali dengan daun pandan berduri — persembahan darah untuk roh laut, dilakukan setiap tahun oleh desa Tenganan untuk memastikan kesuburan dan perlindungan."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "bali", "tenganan", "blood-offering", "fertility", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/perang-pandan"}, {"id": "rambu solo", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Rambu Solo", "zh": "拉姆布·索洛葬礼", "id": "Rambu Solo"}, "summary": {"en": "The elaborate funeral ceremony of the Toraja people of South Sulawesi — a multi-day ritual involving animal sacrifice, dance, and the belief that the soul must be guided through the realms to reach eternal peace.", "zh": "南苏拉威西托拉查人的隆重葬礼仪式——持续数日的仪式，包括动物献祭、舞蹈，以及相信灵魂必须穿越诸界才能到达永恒安宁。", "id": "Upacara pemakaman rumit masyarakat Toraja Sulawesi Selatan — ritual multi-hari yang melibatkan pengorbanan hewan, tarian, dan keyakinan bahwa jiwa harus dipandu melalui alam untuk mencapai kedamaian abadi."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "toraja", "sulawesi", "death", "funeral", "animal-sacrifice", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/rambu-solo"}, {"id": "semedi", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Semedi (Javanese Meditation)", "zh": "塞梅迪（爪哇冥想）", "id": "Semedi"}, "summary": {"en": "A solitary Javanese meditation practice—a journey into the silence of the self, where the mind is stilled, the heart is opened, and the soul listens for the voice of the divine, practiced in forests, mountains, and sacred places, seeking clarity, power, and connection with the ancestors.", "zh": "一种独处的爪哇冥想实践——进入自我寂静的旅程，在此心灵静止、心扉敞开、灵魂聆听神性的声音，在森林、山峦和圣地中实践，寻求清明、力量以及与祖先的连接。", "id": "Praktik meditasi Jawa yang menyendiri—perjalanan ke dalam keheningan diri, di mana pikiran menjadi tenang, hati terbuka, dan jiwa mendengarkan suara ilahi, dipraktikkan di hutan, gunung, dan tempat suci, mencari kejernihan, kekuatan, dan koneksi dengan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["ritual", "javanese", "meditation", "spiritual-practice", "kejawen", "tapa", "laku", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/semedi"}, {"id": "spiritual healing rituals", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Spiritual Healing Rituals", "zh": "灵性疗愈仪式", "id": "Ritual Penyembuhan Spiritual"}, "summary": {"en": "The collective rituals of healing performed across the Nusantara archipelago — from the dance of the Kecak to the purification of Nyepi, these rituals restore balance to the individual and the community, reconnecting them with the hidden realm.", "zh": "整个努山塔拉群岛进行的集体疗愈仪式——从凯卡克舞到静居日的净化，这些仪式恢复个体和社群的平衡，使他们与隐藏领域重新连接。", "id": "Ritual penyembuhan kolektif yang dilakukan di seluruh Nusantara — dari tarian Kecak hingga pemurnian Nyepi, ritual ini memulihkan keseimbangan individu dan komunitas, menghubungkan kembali mereka dengan alam gaib."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "healing", "kecak", "nyepi", "purification", "community", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/spiritual-healing-rituals"}, {"id": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "module": "05_culture", "type": "index", "name": {"en": "Spiritual Healing Rituals", "zh": "灵性疗愈仪式", "id": "Ritual Penyembuhan Spiritual"}, "summary": {"en": "A living tradition of healing practices that spans the Nusantara—where the body is not separate from the spirit, illness is not separate from imbalance, and the healer is not separate from the community, a tradition that has survived colonialism, modernization, and the slow erosion of the old ways.", "zh": "一种遍及努山塔拉的活态疗愈实践传统——在此身体与灵性不可分割，疾病与失衡不可分割，疗愈师与社区不可分割，一种在殖民主义、现代化和古老方式缓慢侵蚀中幸存下来的传统。", "id": "Tradisi hidup praktik penyembuhan yang membentang di seluruh Nusantara—di mana tubuh tidak terpisah dari roh, penyakit tidak terpisah dari ketidakseimbangan, dan penyembuh tidak terpisah dari komunitas, tradisi yang telah bertahan dari kolonialisme, modernisasi, dan erosi perlahan cara-cara lama."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["index", "ritual", "healing", "spiritual", "tradition", "javanese", "balinese", "dukun"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/spiritual-healing-rituals"}, {"id": "tapa", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Tapa (Javanese Ascetic Discipline)", "zh": "苦行（爪哇禁欲修行）", "id": "Tapa"}, "summary": {"en": "A Javanese ascetic practice of self-discipline and physical endurance—a way of purifying the body, sharpening the spirit, and opening the heart to the divine, practiced through fasting, sleeplessness, and exposure to the elements, not as punishment but as preparation.", "zh": "一种爪哇禁欲修行——通过自律和身体忍耐来净化身体、磨砺精神、向神性敞开心扉，通过禁食、不眠和暴露于自然元素来实践，不是作为惩罚而是作为准备。", "id": "Praktik asketis Jawa tentang disiplin diri dan ketahanan fisik—cara memurnikan tubuh, mengasah roh, dan membuka hati kepada yang ilahi, dilakukan melalui puasa, tidak tidur, dan paparan elemen alam, bukan sebagai hukuman tetapi sebagai persiapan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["ritual", "javanese", "asceticism", "meditation", "purification", "kejawen", "laku", "semedi"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/tapa"}, {"id": "toraja bone setting", "module": "05_culture", "type": "ritual", "name": {"en": "Toraja Bone Setting", "zh": "托拉查正骨术", "id": "Pengobatan Tulang Toraja"}, "summary": {"en": "A traditional bone-setting practice of the Toraja people — an ancient art of mending broken bones through a combination of massage, herbal poultices, and spiritual connection to the ancestors.", "zh": "托拉查人传统的正骨疗法——通过按摩、草药膏药以及与祖先灵性连接的结合来修复骨折的古老技艺。", "id": "Praktik pengobatan tulang tradisional masyarakat Toraja — seni kuno memperbaiki tulang yang patah melalui kombinasi pijat, ramuan herbal, dan koneksi spiritual dengan leluhur."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["culture", "ritual", "toraja", "sulawesi", "bone-setting", "healing", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/toraja-bone-setting"}, {"id": "usada", "module": "05_culture", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Usada", "zh": "乌萨达（巴厘传统医学体系）", "id": "Usada"}, "summary": {"en": "The ancient Balinese system of herbal medicine and healing—a body of knowledge written in palm-leaf manuscripts, passed down through generations of healers, where the boundaries between medicine, magic, and spirituality dissolve, and where the healing of the body is inseparable from the healing of the soul.", "zh": "古老的巴厘草药医学与疗愈体系——一种记录在棕榈叶手稿中的知识体系，由世代疗愈师传承，在此医学、魔法与灵性的边界消融，身体的疗愈与灵魂的疗愈密不可分。", "id": "Sistem pengobatan herbal dan penyembuhan kuno Bali—kumpulan pengetahuan yang ditulis dalam naskah lontar, diwariskan turun-temurun oleh para penyembuh, di mana batas antara pengobatan, sihir, dan spiritualitas larut, dan di mana penyembuhan tubuh tidak terpisahkan dari penyembuhan jiwa."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["concept", "medicine", "bali", "herbal", "lontar", "traditional-medicine", "healing", "balian"], "url": "./library/05_culture/rituals/usada"}, {"id": "aero-ports", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Aero-Ports of the Archipelago", "zh": "群岛空港", "id": "Bandara Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The airports of Indonesia are more than mere transportation hubs—they are the nation's ceremonial gateways, architectural manifestos of Nusantara identity, and living museums where the archipelago's past, present, and future converge in terminals that whisper stories of colonial ambition, national awakening, and the eternal dance between tradition and modernity.", "zh": "印度尼西亚的机场不仅仅是交通枢纽——它们是国家的礼仪之门、努山塔拉认同的建筑宣言，以及活着的博物馆，群岛的过去、现在和未来在航站楼中交汇，低语着殖民野心、民族觉醒以及传统与现代之间永恒的舞蹈。", "id": "Bandara di Indonesia bukan sekadar pusat transportasi—mereka adalah gerbang seremonial bangsa, manifesto arsitektur identitas Nusantara, dan museum hidup di mana masa lalu, masa kini, dan masa depan kepulauan bertemu di terminal yang berbisik tentang ambisi kolonial, kebangkitan nasional, dan tarian abadi antara tradisi dan modernitas."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["infrastructure", "architecture", "transportation", "aviation", "gateway", "nusantara", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/aero-ports"}, {"id": "archipelago-federation", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Archipelago Federation", "zh": "群岛联邦", "id": "Federasi Kepulauan"}, "summary": {"en": "A new political entity uniting all islands of the Nusantara world.", "zh": "统一努山塔拉世界所有岛屿的新政治实体。", "id": "Entitas politik baru yang menyatukan semua pulau di dunia Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 26, "tags": ["scifi", "federation", "politics", "nusantara", "unity"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/archipelago-federation"}, {"id": "cloud-city", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Cloud City", "zh": "云城", "id": "Kota Awan"}, "summary": {"en": "A floating city suspended in the upper atmosphere, supported by anti-gravity mana-tech and renewable energy—self-sufficient, mobile, and often serving as a mobile capital or sanctuary during times of crisis.", "zh": "悬浮在高空中的浮空城市，由反重力灵能技术和可再生能源支持——自给自足、可移动，常在危机时期作为移动首都或避难所。", "id": "Kota terapung yang ditangguhkan di atmosfer atas, didukung oleh teknologi mana anti-gravitasi dan energi terbarukan—mandiri, mobile, dan sering berfungsi sebagai ibu kota bergerak atau tempat perlindungan selama masa krisis."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "floating", "city", "mana-tech", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/cloud-city"}, {"id": "deep sea colonies", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "fictional_geography", "name": {"en": "Deep Sea Colonies", "zh": "深海殖民地", "id": "Koloni Laut Dalam"}, "summary": {"en": "Self-sustaining human settlements built in the abyssal depths of the Indian and Pacific Oceans — a new frontier of human existence, powered by geothermal energy and connected by mana-gates.", "zh": "在印度洋和太平洋深渊中建造的自给自足人类定居点——人类存在的新边疆，由地热能源驱动，由灵力门连接。", "id": "Pemukiman manusia mandiri yang dibangun di kedalaman abisal Samudra Hindia dan Pasifik — perbatasan baru eksistensi manusia, ditenagai oleh energi panas bumi dan terhubung oleh gerbang mana."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "geography", "deep-sea", "colonies", "future", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/deep-sea-colonies"}, {"id": "deep-sea-colonies", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Deep Sea Colonies", "zh": "深海殖民地", "id": "Koloni Laut Dalam"}, "summary": {"en": "Self-sustaining human settlements established on the ocean floor during the Expansion Era—supported by mana-tech, geothermal energy, and bio-engineered ecosystems, representing humanity's adaptation to the depths of the Nusantara seas and the hidden spiritual geography beneath the waves.", "zh": "扩张时代在海底建立的自给自足人类定居点——由灵力技术、地热能和生物工程生态系统支持，代表着人类对努山塔拉海洋深处及海浪之下隐藏灵性地理的适应。", "id": "Pemukiman manusia mandiri yang didirikan di dasar laut selama Era Ekspansi—didukung oleh mana-tech, energi panas bumi, dan ekosistem hasil rekayasa hayati, mewakili adaptasi umat manusia terhadap kedalaman laut Nusantara dan geografi spiritual tersembunyi di bawah ombak."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 8, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "underwater", "colony", "expansion-era", "mana-tech", "deep-sea", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/deep-sea-colonies"}, {"id": "deep-space-gateway", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Deep Space Gateway", "zh": "深空门户", "id": "Gerbang Luar Angkasa Dalam"}, "summary": {"en": "A massive orbital station serving as the primary launching point for interplanetary missions—equipped with mana-fusion reactors, dry docks, and psionic navigation arrays, connecting the Archipelago Federation to the solar system.", "zh": "一个作为星际任务主要发射点的巨型轨道站——配备灵力聚变反应堆、干船坞和灵能导航阵列，将群岛联邦连接到太阳系。", "id": "Stasiun orbital besar yang berfungsi sebagai titik peluncuran utama untuk misi antarplanet—dilengkapi dengan reaktor fusi mana, galangan kapal, dan array navigasi psionik, menghubungkan Federasi Nusantara ke tata surya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "gateway", "space", "station", "federation", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/deep-space-gateway"}, {"id": "ethereal-gardens", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Ethereal Gardens", "zh": "灵能花园", "id": "Taman Halus"}, "summary": {"en": "Floating botanical sanctuaries suspended in the upper atmosphere—cultivating mana-enhanced flora for medicine, food, and spiritual enrichment, offering a serene retreat from the chaos of the surface world.", "zh": "悬浮在高空中的浮动植物保护区——培育灵力增强的植物用于医药、食物和精神滋养，为远离地表世界的混乱提供了一个宁静的避所。", "id": "Suaka botani terapung yang ditangguhkan di atmosfer atas—membudidayakan flora yang ditingkatkan mana untuk pengobatan, makanan, dan pengayaan spiritual, menawarkan tempat peristirahatan yang tenang dari kekacauan dunia permukaan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "garden", "floating", "botany", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/ethereal-gardens"}, {"id": "floating-cities", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Floating Cities and Ocean Settlements", "zh": "浮空城市与海面聚落", "id": "Kota Melayang dan Permukiman Laut"}, "summary": {"en": "Cities suspended above the Java Sea and floating platforms on the ocean surface.", "zh": "悬浮在爪哇海之上的城市和漂浮在海面上的平台聚落。", "id": "Kota yang melayang di atas Laut Jawa dan platform terapung di permukaan laut."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["scifi", "floating-city", "ocean", "architecture", "future"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/floating-cities"}, {"id": "floating-forest", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Floating Forest", "zh": "浮空森林", "id": "Hutan Terapung"}, "summary": {"en": "Aerial ecosystems suspended above the Earth's surface through mana-based levitation—self-sustaining forests that serve as research stations, sanctuaries, and spiritual retreats.", "zh": "通过灵力悬浮技术悬停在地球表面上空的空中生态系统——自给自足的森林，作为研究站、保护区和灵性静修地。", "id": "Ekosistem udara yang ditangguhkan di atas permukaan Bumi melalui levitasi berbasis mana—hutan mandiri yang berfungsi sebagai stasiun penelitian, suaka, dan tempat retret spiritual."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "forest", "floating", "ecology", "mana-tech", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/floating-forest"}, {"id": "hollow-earth-station", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Hollow Earth Station", "zh": "地心站", "id": "Stasiun Bumi Berongga"}, "summary": {"en": "A secret research station built deep within the Earth's crust during the Integration Era—studying the planet's spiritual core, geothermal energy, and the boundary between the physical world and the Fourth Realm.", "zh": "融合时代在地壳深处建造的秘密研究站——研究地球的灵性核心、地热能源以及物质世界与第四界之间的边界。", "id": "Stasiun penelitian rahasia yang dibangun jauh di dalam kerak Bumi selama Era Integrasi—mempelajari inti spiritual planet, energi panas bumi, dan batas antara dunia fisik dan Alam Keempat."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "station", "underground", "research", "integration-era", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/hollow-earth-station"}, {"id": "leviathan-station", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Leviathan Station", "zh": "利维坦站", "id": "Stasiun Leviathan"}, "summary": {"en": "A massive mobile deep-sea research station that prowls the ocean depths—studying mana-affected marine life, mapping the underwater spiritual geography, and monitoring the boundary between the physical world and the Fourth Realm.", "zh": "一座在深海游弋的巨型移动研究站——研究受灵力影响的海洋生物，绘制水下灵性地理图，监测物质世界与第四界之间的边界。", "id": "Stasiun penelitian laut dalam besar yang menjelajahi kedalaman laut—mempelajari kehidupan laut yang terkena mana, memetakan geografi spiritual bawah air, dan memantau batas antara dunia fisik dan Alam Keempat."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "station", "deep-sea", "research", "fourth-realm", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/leviathan-station"}, {"id": "lunar-base", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Lunar Base", "zh": "月球基地", "id": "Pangkalan Bulan"}, "summary": {"en": "A permanent human settlement on the Moon established during the Integration Era—serving as a scientific outpost, resource extraction center, and gateway to the solar system.", "zh": "融合时代在月球上建立的永久人类定居点——作为科学前哨站、资源提取中心和通往太阳系的门户。", "id": "Pemukiman manusia permanen di Bulan yang didirikan selama Era Integrasi—berfungsi sebagai pos ilmiah, pusat ekstraksi sumber daya, dan gerbang menuju tata surya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "moon", "lunar", "base", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/lunar-base"}, {"id": "mana-desert", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Desert", "zh": "灵力荒漠", "id": "Gurun Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A region where spiritual energy has been completely drained, leaving barren landscapes and dead zones where mana-based technology fails—a consequence of mana storms and over-extraction during the Integration Era.", "zh": "灵性能量被完全耗尽的区域，留下荒芜的地貌和灵力技术失效的死亡地带——灵力风暴和融合时代过度开采的后果。", "id": "Wilayah di mana energi spiritual telah benar-benar terkuras, meninggalkan lanskap tandus dan zona mati di mana teknologi berbasis mana gagal—konsekuensi dari badai mana dan ekstraksi berlebihan selama Era Integrasi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "desert", "mana", "dead-zone", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/mana-desert"}, {"id": "mars-colony", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mars Colony", "zh": "火星殖民地", "id": "Koloni Mars"}, "summary": {"en": "The first extraterrestrial settlement beyond the Moon, established during the Expansion Era—a self-sustaining colony that marked humanity's first step toward becoming a multi-planetary species.", "zh": "扩张时代在月球以外建立的第一个外星定居点——一个自给自足的殖民地，标志着人类迈向多行星物种的第一步。", "id": "Pemukiman luar angkasa pertama di luar Bulan, didirikan selama Era Ekspansi—koloni mandiri yang menandai langkah pertama umat manusia menuju menjadi spesies multi-planet."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "mars", "colony", "expansion-era", "space"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/mars-colony"}, {"id": "nusantara new capital", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "fictional_geography", "name": {"en": "Nusantara New Capital", "zh": "努桑塔拉新首都", "id": "Ibu Kota Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "Indonesia's new capital city rising in the jungles of East Kalimantan — a planned city of the future, designed to be green, smart, and sustainable, representing a monumental shift of the nation's center from Java to Borneo.", "zh": "在东加里曼丹丛林中崛起的印尼新首都——一座面向未来的规划城市，设计为绿色、智能和可持续，代表着国家中心从爪哇向婆罗洲的巨大转移。", "id": "Ibu kota baru Indonesia yang sedang dibangun di hutan Kalimantan Timur — kota terencana masa depan, dirancang untuk menjadi hijau, cerdas, dan berkelanjutan, mewakili pergeseran monumental pusat bangsa dari Jawa ke Kalimantan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "geography", "nusantara", "new-capital", "kalimantan", "future-city", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/nusantara-new-capital"}, {"id": "ocean-cities", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Ocean Cities", "zh": "海洋城市", "id": "Kota Lautan"}, "summary": {"en": "Vast floating urban centers built on the open ocean—powered by mana-fusion and wave energy, home to millions, and serving as hubs for trade, research, and tourism.", "zh": "建在公海上的广阔浮动城市中心——由灵力聚变和波浪能驱动，容纳数百万人口，作为贸易、研究和旅游的中心。", "id": "Pusat perkotaan terapung luas yang dibangun di lautan terbuka—ditenagai oleh fusi mana dan energi gelombang, rumah bagi jutaan orang, dan berfungsi sebagai pusat perdagangan, penelitian, dan pariwisata."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "city", "floating", "ocean", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/ocean-cities"}, {"id": "orbital-elevator", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Orbital Elevator", "zh": "轨道电梯", "id": "Lift Orbital"}, "summary": {"en": "A future megastructure connecting Earth's equator to geostationary orbit—a monumental engineering achievement that transforms space access, made possible by advanced materials and mana-enhanced technology.", "zh": "连接地球赤道与地球静止轨道的未来巨型结构——一项改变了太空进入方式的巨大工程成就，由先进材料和灵力增强技术使之成为可能。", "id": "Megastruktur masa depan yang menghubungkan khatulistiwa Bumi dengan orbit geostasioner—pencapaian teknik monumental yang mengubah akses luar angkasa, dimungkinkan oleh material canggih dan teknologi yang ditingkatkan mana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "megastructure", "space", "technology", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/orbital-elevator"}, {"id": "orbital-ring", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Orbital Ring", "zh": "轨道环", "id": "Cincin Orbital"}, "summary": {"en": "A massive ring structure encircling the Earth at equatorial orbit—supporting space elevators, space stations, manufacturing facilities, and habitation modules, the greatest engineering achievement of the Archipelago Federation.", "zh": "在地球赤道轨道环绕的巨型环状结构——支撑太空电梯、空间站、制造设施和居住模块，是群岛联邦最伟大的工程成就。", "id": "Struktur cincin besar yang mengelilingi Bumi di orbit khatulistiwa—mendukung lift luar angkasa, stasiun luar angkasa, fasilitas manufaktur, dan modul hunian, pencapaian teknik terbesar Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "ring", "orbital", "megastructure", "federation", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/orbital-ring"}, {"id": "sky-temples", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "fictional_geography", "name": {"en": "Sky Temples", "zh": "天空圣殿", "id": "Candi Awan"}, "summary": {"en": "Floating temples that hover above the Nusantara archipelago — built on mana platforms, these sanctuaries are places of worship, meditation, and gateways to the spiritual realms.", "zh": "悬浮在努山塔拉群岛上空的浮动寺庙——建立在灵力平台之上，这些圣所是礼拜、冥想和通往灵性领域的通道。", "id": "Kuil terapung yang melayang di atas Nusantara — dibangun di atas platform mana, tempat suci ini adalah tempat ibadah, meditasi, dan gerbang menuju alam spiritual."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["scifi", "geography", "floating", "temple", "spiritual", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/sky-temples"}, {"id": "space-colonies", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Space Colonies", "zh": "太空殖民地", "id": "Koloni Luar Angkasa"}, "summary": {"en": "Self-sustaining habitats located beyond Earth's orbit—built on asteroids, moons, and in orbital rings, housing millions who chose to leave the planet in search of new frontiers.", "zh": "位于地球轨道之外的自给自足栖息地——建在小行星、月球和轨道环上，容纳了数百万选择离开地球寻找新领域的人。", "id": "Habitat mandiri yang terletak di luar orbit Bumi—dibangun di asteroid, bulan, dan di cincin orbital, menampung jutaan orang yang memilih meninggalkan planet ini untuk mencari batas baru."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "colony", "space", "habitat", "expansion-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/space-colonies"}, {"id": "space-station", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Space Station", "zh": "空间站", "id": "Stasiun Luar Angkasa"}, "summary": {"en": "Large orbital habitats built during the Integration Era—self-sustaining space platforms that serve as scientific research centers, transit hubs, and embassies for the Archipelago Federation.", "zh": "融合时代建造的大型轨道栖息地——自给自足的空间平台，作为科学研究中心、交通枢纽和群岛联邦的大使馆。", "id": "Habitat orbital besar yang dibangun selama Era Integrasi—platform luar angkasa mandiri yang berfungsi sebagai pusat penelitian ilmiah, hub transit, dan kedutaan bagi Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 7, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "space", "station", "orbital", "federation", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/space-station"}, {"id": "terraformed-islands", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Terraformed Islands", "zh": "改造岛", "id": "Pulau Terraformasi"}, "summary": {"en": "Artificially created or ecologically transformed islands built during the Integration and Expansion eras—new land masses designed for habitation, agriculture, and mana-energy generation, expanding the Archipelago Federation's territory.", "zh": "在融合与扩张时代人工建造或生态改造的岛屿——为居住、农业和灵力发电而设计的新陆地，扩展了群岛联邦的领土。", "id": "Pulau yang dibuat secara artifisial atau diubah secara ekologis yang dibangun selama era Integrasi dan Ekspansi—massa daratan baru yang dirancang untuk hunian, pertanian, dan pembangkitan energi mana, memperluas wilayah Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "terraforming", "island", "expansion-era", "federation"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/terraformed-islands"}, {"id": "underwater-cities", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Underwater Cities", "zh": "海底城市", "id": "Kota Bawah Air"}, "summary": {"en": "Self-contained underwater habitats established during the Expansion Era—human settlements on the ocean floor, powered by mana-tech and geothermal energy, where communities adapted to life beneath the waves.", "zh": "扩张时代建立的自给自足海底栖息地——位于海底的人类定居点，由灵力技术和地热能驱动，社区适应了海浪之下的生活。", "id": "Habitat bawah air mandiri yang didirikan selama Era Ekspansi—pemukiman manusia di dasar laut, ditenagai oleh mana-tech dan energi panas bumi, di mana masyarakat beradaptasi dengan kehidupan di bawah ombak."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "underwater", "habitat", "expansion-era", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/underwater-cities"}, {"id": "underwater-domes", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Underwater Domes", "zh": "水下穹顶", "id": "Kubah Bawah Air"}, "summary": {"en": "Large transparent habitats built on the ocean floor, protected by mana-force fields—housing research stations, residential communities, and bioluminescent gardens, connected by pressurized tunnels.", "zh": "建在海底的大型透明栖息地，由灵力力场保护——容纳研究站、住宅社区和生物发光花园，由加压隧道连接。", "id": "Habitat transparan besar yang dibangun di dasar laut, dilindungi oleh medan kekuatan mana—menampung stasiun penelitian, komunitas perumahan, dan taman bioluminesen, dihubungkan oleh terowongan bertekanan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "underwater", "domes", "habitat", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/fictional-geography/underwater-domes"}, {"id": "awakening-era", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "future_era", "name": {"en": "Awakening Era", "zh": "觉醒时代", "id": "Zaman Kebangkitan"}, "summary": {"en": "The first phase of the Nusantara future timeline (2025–2050) — a period of spiritual rediscovery when the mana curse begins to lift and humanity reconnects with the hidden energies of the archipelago.", "zh": "努山塔拉未来时间线的第一阶段（2025–2050）——灵性重新发现的时期，灵力诅咒开始解除，人类重新与群岛的隐藏能量建立连接。", "id": "Fase pertama garis waktu masa depan Nusantara (2025–2050) — periode penemuan kembali spiritual ketika kutukan mana mulai terangkat dan umat manusia terhubung kembali dengan energi tersembunyi Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "awakening-era", "mana", "spiritual-awakening", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/awakening-era"}, {"id": "convergence", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "future_era", "name": {"en": "Convergence", "zh": "归一时代", "id": "Konvergensi"}, "summary": {"en": "The fourth phase of the Nusantara future timeline (2300–2500) — a period when technology and spirituality merge, the three realms begin to overlap on Earth, and the 210-day contract expires.", "zh": "努山塔拉未来时间线的第四阶段（2300–2500）——技术与灵性融合的时期，三界在地球上开始重叠，210天契约到期。", "id": "Fase keempat garis waktu masa depan Nusantara (2300–2500) — periode ketika teknologi dan spiritualitas menyatu, tiga alam mulai tumpang tindih di Bumi, dan kontrak 210 hari berakhir."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 24, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "convergence", "2300", "realm-merger", "contract-expiration", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/convergence"}, {"id": "energy-revolution", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Energy Revolution", "zh": "能源革命", "id": "Revolusi Energi"}, "summary": {"en": "A transformative period during the Integration Era when mana reactors replaced fossil fuels and nuclear power—ending the age of carbon dependence and ushering in a new era of clean, infinite spiritual energy.", "zh": "融合时代的一个转型时期，灵力反应堆取代了化石燃料和核能——结束了碳依赖时代，迎来了清洁、无限的灵性能量新时代。", "id": "Periode transformatif selama Era Integrasi ketika reaktor mana menggantikan bahan bakar fosil dan tenaga nuklir—mengakhiri era ketergantungan karbon dan mengantarkan era baru energi spiritual yang bersih dan tak terbatas."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "energy", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/energy-revolution"}, {"id": "expansion-era", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "future_era", "name": {"en": "Expansion Era", "zh": "扩张时代", "id": "Zaman Ekspansi"}, "summary": {"en": "The third phase of the Nusantara future timeline (2100–2300) — a period of human expansion into the deep oceans, bio-engineering, and contact with the spiritual realms.", "zh": "努山塔拉未来时间线的第三阶段（2100–2300）——人类向深海扩张、生物工程以及与灵性领域接触的时期。", "id": "Fase ketiga garis waktu masa depan Nusantara (2100–2300) — periode ekspansi manusia ke laut dalam, rekayasa hayati, dan kontak dengan alam spiritual."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 19, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "expansion-era", "deep-sea", "bio-engineering", "dark-line-2", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/expansion-era"}, {"id": "first-contact", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "First Contact", "zh": "第一次接触", "id": "Kontak Pertama"}, "summary": {"en": "The moment when humanity made direct contact with beings from the Fourth Realm during the Convergence Era—an event that shattered existing understanding of reality and opened a new chapter in the relationship between the Three Realms and the hidden layer.", "zh": "归一时代人类与第四界存在直接接触的时刻——一个击碎了现有现实认知的事件，开启了三界与隐藏层关系的新篇章。", "id": "Saat ketika umat manusia melakukan kontak langsung dengan makhluk dari Alam Keempat selama Era Konvergensi—peristiwa yang menghancurkan pemahaman yang ada tentang realitas dan membuka babak baru dalam hubungan antara Tiga Alam dan lapisan tersembunyi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "fourth-realm", "convergence", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/first-contact"}, {"id": "future-timeline", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "concept", "name": {"en": "Future Timeline of Nusantara", "zh": "努山塔拉未来时间线", "id": "Garis Waktu Masa Depan Nusantara"}, "summary": {"en": "The projected future of the Nusantara world, unfolding from the awakening of spiritual energy to the convergence of technology and spirituality — with the 210-day contract's expiration in 2300 as the pivotal turning point.", "zh": "努山塔拉世界的未来投影，从灵性能量的觉醒到科技与灵性的归一——以210天契约在2300年的到期作为关键的转折点。", "id": "Proyeksi masa depan dunia Nusantara, dari kebangkitan energi spiritual hingga konvergensi teknologi dan spiritualitas — dengan berakhirnya kontrak 210 hari pada tahun 2300 sebagai titik balik yang penting."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 12, "tags": ["timeline", "future", "scifi", "awakening", "convergence", "contract-expiration", "story-hook"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/future-timeline"}, {"id": "great-mana-famine", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Great Mana Famine", "zh": "大灵力饥荒", "id": "Kelaparan Mana Besar"}, "summary": {"en": "A catastrophic global shortage of spiritual energy that occurred during the Integration Era—caused by over-extraction from sacred sites, leading to civil unrest, territorial wars, and a paradigm shift in how the Federation managed mana resources.", "zh": "融合时代发生的一场全球性灵能严重短缺——由对圣地过度开采引起，导致了内乱、领土战争以及联邦管理灵能资源的范式转变。", "id": "Kekurangan global energi spiritual yang parah yang terjadi selama Era Integrasi—disebabkan oleh ekstraksi berlebihan dari situs-situs suci, menyebabkan kerusuhan sipil, perang teritorial, dan pergeseran paradigma dalam cara Federasi mengelola sumber daya mana."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "crisis", "mana", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/great-mana-famine"}, {"id": "integration-era", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "future_era", "name": {"en": "Integration Era", "zh": "融合时代", "id": "Zaman Integrasi"}, "summary": {"en": "The second phase of the Nusantara future timeline (2050–2100) — a period when spiritual energy becomes daily reality, the Archipelago Federation is formed, and humanity learns to live with the visible and invisible worlds.", "zh": "努山塔拉未来时间线的第二阶段（2050–2100）——灵性能量成为日常现实的时期，群岛联邦建立，人类学会与可见与不可见世界共存。", "id": "Fase kedua garis waktu masa depan Nusantara (2050–2100) — periode ketika energi spiritual menjadi realitas sehari-hari, Federasi Nusantara terbentuk, dan umat manusia belajar hidup dengan dunia yang terlihat dan tak terlihat."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract"], "indegree": 33, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "integration-era", "federation", "mana-society", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/integration-era"}, {"id": "mana-famine", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Famine", "zh": "灵力饥荒", "id": "Kelaparan Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A period of severe spiritual energy shortage during the Integration Era—caused by a breakdown in the flow of mana between realms, threatening the stability of the Archipelago Federation and leading to a reassessment of humanity's reliance on mana.", "zh": "融合时代的一段严重灵性能量短缺时期——由诸界之间灵力流动的崩溃引起，威胁群岛联邦的稳定，并导致对人类依赖灵力的重新评估。", "id": "Periode kekurangan energi spiritual yang parah selama Era Integrasi—disebabkan oleh gangguan aliran mana antar alam, mengancam stabilitas Federasi Nusantara dan mengarah pada penilaian ulang ketergantungan manusia pada mana."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "crisis", "mana", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/mana-famine"}, {"id": "mana-pilgrimage", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Mana Pilgrimage", "zh": "灵力朝圣", "id": "Ziarah Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A widespread cultural movement during the Integration Era—millions of people journeyed to the archipelago's sacred sites to reconnect with the rediscovered spiritual energy, reshaping the region's social and religious landscape.", "zh": "融合时代的一场广泛文化运动——数百万人前往群岛的圣地，重新连接被发现的灵性能量，重塑了该地区的社会和宗教面貌。", "id": "Gerakan budaya yang meluas selama Era Integrasi—jutaan orang melakukan perjalanan ke situs-situs suci Nusantara untuk terhubung kembali dengan energi spiritual yang ditemukan kembali, membentuk kembali lanskap sosial dan keagamaan wilayah ini."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "pilgrimage", "integration-era", "spiritual", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/mana-pilgrimage"}, {"id": "post-apocalyptic", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Post-Apocalyptic Archipelago", "zh": "后末世 · 群岛重生", "id": "Kepulauan Pasca-Apocalypse"}, "summary": {"en": "A vision of Nusantara after a great collapse, where survivors rebuild civilization with spiritual energy and ancient knowledge.", "zh": "大崩溃之后的努山塔拉，幸存者利用灵力和古代知识重建文明。", "id": "Visi Nusantara setelah kehancuran besar, di mana para penyintas membangun kembali peradaban dengan energi spiritual dan pengetahuan kuno."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "apocalypse", "survival", "rebuild", "nusantara"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/post-apocalyptic"}, {"id": "the-accord", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Accord of the Realms", "zh": "诸界协定", "id": "Kesepakatan Alam"}, "summary": {"en": "A historic treaty signed during the Convergence Era between the Archipelago Federation and the beings of the Fourth Realm—establishing rules for peaceful coexistence, mana sharing, and the prevention of further incursions into the Third Realm.", "zh": "归一时代群岛联邦与第四界存在签署的历史性条约——建立和平共处、灵力共享和防止进一步入侵第三界的规则。", "id": "Perjanjian bersejarah yang ditandatangani selama Era Konvergensi antara Federasi Nusantara dan makhluk Alam Keempat—menetapkan aturan untuk hidup berdampingan secara damai, berbagi mana, dan pencegahan pelanggaran lebih lanjut ke Alam Ketiga."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "treaty", "fourth-realm", "convergence", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-accord"}, {"id": "the-awakening-council", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Awakening Council", "zh": "觉醒议会", "id": "Dewan Kebangkitan"}, "summary": {"en": "A governing body formed during the Awakening Era to oversee the rediscovery and regulation of spiritual energy—composed of spiritual leaders, scientists, and diplomats, it laid the groundwork for the Archipelago Federation.", "zh": "觉醒时代为监督灵能的重新发现和监管而成立的治理机构——由灵性领袖、科学家和外交官组成，为群岛联邦奠定了基础。", "id": "Badan pemerintahan yang dibentuk selama Era Kebangkitan untuk mengawasi penemuan kembali dan pengaturan energi spiritual—terdiri dari pemimpin spiritual, ilmuwan, dan diplomat, meletakkan dasar bagi Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "council", "awakening-era", "governance"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-awakening-council"}, {"id": "the-awakening-war", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Awakening War", "zh": "觉醒战争", "id": "Perang Kebangkitan"}, "summary": {"en": "A global conflict that erupted during the late Awakening Era (2040-2048), fought between forces seeking to control the rediscovered spiritual energy and those who feared its destabilizing potential—a war that reshaped the global order and led to the Integration Era.", "zh": "觉醒时代晚期（2040-2048）爆发的一场全球冲突，交战双方分别是寻求控制被重新发现的灵性能量的势力与担心其破坏性潜力的势力——这场战争重塑了全球秩序，并催生了融合时代。", "id": "Konflik global yang meletus selama Era Kebangkitan akhir (2040-2048), diperjuangkan antara kekuatan yang berusaha mengendalikan energi spiritual yang ditemukan kembali dan mereka yang takut akan potensinya yang destabilisasi—perang yang membentuk kembali tatanan global dan mengarah pada Era Integrasi."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "war", "awakening-era", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-awakening-war"}, {"id": "the-changeling", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Changeling Event", "zh": "变种事件", "id": "Peristiwa Wujud Berubah"}, "summary": {"en": "A pivotal moment during the Integration Era when a group of humans spontaneously evolved new spiritual abilities—marking the beginning of a divergent branch of humanity and raising questions about the nature of the mana curse.", "zh": "融合时代的一个关键时刻，一群人类自发演化出新的灵性能力——标志着人类一个分化分支的开始，并引发了对灵力诅咒本质的质疑。", "id": "Momen penting selama Era Integrasi ketika sekelompok manusia secara spontan berevolusi kemampuan spiritual baru—menandai awal cabang manusia yang berbeda dan menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang sifat kutukan mana."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "evolution", "humanity", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-changeling"}, {"id": "the-great-leap", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Great Leap", "zh": "大跃进", "id": "Lompatan Besar"}, "summary": {"en": "A pivotal transition event marking the shift from the Integration Era to the Expansion Era—a period of rapid technological, spiritual, and societal transformation that redefined humanity's relationship with the archipelago and the Three Realms.", "zh": "标志着从融合时代到扩张时代转变的关键过渡事件——一段技术、灵性和社会快速转型的时期，重新定义了人类与群岛及三界的关系。", "id": "Peristiwa transisi penting yang menandai pergeseran dari Era Integrasi ke Era Ekspansi—periode transformasi teknologi, spiritual, dan sosial yang cepat yang mendefinisikan ulang hubungan manusia dengan Nusantara dan Tiga Alam."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "transition", "integration-era", "expansion-era", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-great-leap"}, {"id": "the-great-migration", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Great Migration", "zh": "大迁徙", "id": "Migrasi Besar"}, "summary": {"en": "A mass movement of humanity from Earth's overcrowded coastal cities to the floating cities, deep-sea colonies, and orbital habitats during the Integration Era—driven by rising sea levels and the search for mana-rich environments.", "zh": "融合时代人类从地球过度拥挤的沿海城市向浮空城市、深海殖民地和轨道栖息地的大规模迁移——由海平面上升和对灵力丰富环境的追求推动。", "id": "Perpindahan massal umat manusia dari kota-kota pesisir Bumi yang kelebihan penduduk ke kota-kota terapung, koloni laut dalam, dan habitat orbital selama Era Integrasi—didorong oleh naiknya permukaan air laut dan pencarian lingkungan yang kaya mana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "migration", "integration-era", "expansion-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-great-migration"}, {"id": "the-great-silence", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Great Silence", "zh": "大静默", "id": "Kesunyian Besar"}, "summary": {"en": "A period of widespread psionic communication blackout during the Integration Era—caused by a mana-storm that disrupted the archipelago's spiritual energy network, isolating colonies and causing chaos for years.", "zh": "融合时代灵能通信大范围中断的时期——由一场干扰群岛灵能网络的灵力风暴引起，导致殖民地孤立并造成多年混乱。", "id": "Periode pemadaman komunikasi psionik yang meluas selama Era Integrasi—disebabkan oleh badai mana yang mengganggu jaringan energi spiritual Nusantara, mengisolasi koloni dan menyebabkan kekacauan selama bertahun-tahun."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "blackout", "communication", "mana-storm", "integration-era", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-great-silence"}, {"id": "the-reckoning", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Reckoning", "zh": "大清算", "id": "Penghakiman"}, "summary": {"en": "The moment of convergence when the 210-Day Contract expires and the boundary between the Three Realms collapses—an event that reshapes reality itself, triggering the Convergence Era and revealing the Fourth Realm to all.", "zh": "210天契约到期、三界边界崩塌的归一时刻——一个重塑现实本身的事件，触发归一时代，并向所有人揭示第四界。", "id": "Momen konvergensi ketika Kontrak 210 Hari berakhir dan batas antara Tiga Alam runtuh—peristiwa yang membentuk kembali realitas itu sendiri, memicu Era Konvergensi dan mengungkapkan Alam Keempat kepada semua."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "convergence", "210-day-contract", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/future-timeline/the-reckoning"}, {"id": "aura-shields", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Aura Shields", "zh": "能量护盾", "id": "Perisai Aura"}, "summary": {"en": "Protective energy barriers generated by mana-tech—capable of deflecting physical and spiritual attacks, these shields are used for personal defense, vehicle protection, and city-scale fortifications.", "zh": "由灵力技术生成的保护性能量屏障——能够偏转物理和灵性攻击，这些护盾用于个人防御、车辆保护和城市级防御工事。", "id": "Penghalang energi pelindung yang dihasilkan oleh mana-tech—mampu membelokkan serangan fisik dan spiritual, perisai ini digunakan untuk pertahanan pribadi, perlindungan kendaraan, dan benteng skala kota."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "defense", "shield", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/aura-shields"}, {"id": "bio-engineering", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Bio-Engineering and Ecological Restoration", "zh": "生物工程与生态重塑", "id": "Rekayasa Hayati dan Restorasi Ekologis"}, "summary": {"en": "Advanced biological engineering combined with spiritual ecology to restore damaged ecosystems.", "zh": "先进的生物工程与灵性生态学相结合，修复受损的生态系统。", "id": "Rekayasa biologis canggih yang dikombinasikan dengan ekologi spiritual."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 4, "tags": ["scifi", "bio-engineering", "ecology", "restoration"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/bio-engineering"}, {"id": "biometric-mana-scanner", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Biometric Mana Scanner", "zh": "生物灵力扫描仪", "id": "Pemindai Mana Biometrik"}, "summary": {"en": "A security device that reads a person's unique mana signature—used for identification, access control, and tracking, replacing traditional fingerprint and retinal scanners in the Integration Era.", "zh": "一种读取个人独特灵力特征的安全设备——用于身份识别、访问控制和追踪，在融合时代取代了传统的指纹和视网膜扫描仪。", "id": "Perangkat keamanan yang membaca tanda mana unik seseorang—digunakan untuk identifikasi, kontrol akses, dan pelacakan, menggantikan pemindai sidik jari dan retina tradisional pada Era Integrasi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "security", "biometrics", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/biometric-mana-scanner"}, {"id": "chrono-compass", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Chrono Compass", "zh": "时空罗盘", "id": "Kompas Krono"}, "summary": {"en": "A mystical device that uses mana-crystal technology to detect temporal anomalies and navigate between timelines—developed during the Convergence Era, rare and highly sought after.", "zh": "一种使用灵力水晶技术探测时间异常并在时间线之间导航的神秘装置——在归一时代发展，稀有且备受追捧。", "id": "Perangkat mistis yang menggunakan teknologi kristal mana untuk mendeteksi anomali temporal dan bernavigasi di antara garis waktu—dikembangkan selama Era Konvergensi, langka dan sangat dicari."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "time", "navigation", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/chrono-compass"}, {"id": "giant sea wall jakarta", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "infrastructure", "name": {"en": "Giant Sea Wall Jakarta", "zh": "巨型海堤", "id": "Tanggul Laut Raksasa Jakarta"}, "summary": {"en": "An US$80 billion megaproject to protect Jakarta from rising sea levels — a giant sea wall stretching across Jakarta Bay, designed to hold back the ocean and buy time for a sinking city.", "zh": "一个耗资800亿美元的巨型工程，旨在保护雅加达免受海平面上升的影响——一座横跨雅加达湾的巨型海堤，旨在阻挡海洋，为一座正在下沉的城市争取时间。", "id": "Megaproyek US$80 miliar untuk melindungi Jakarta dari naiknya permukaan laut — tanggul laut raksasa yang membentang di Teluk Jakarta, dirancang untuk menahan lautan dan memberikan waktu bagi kota yang tenggelam."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "infrastructure", "jakarta", "sea-wall", "climate-change", "sinking-city", "dark-line-1", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/giant-sea-wall-jakarta"}, {"id": "gravity-well", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Gravity Well", "zh": "重力井", "id": "Sumur Gravitasi"}, "summary": {"en": "A mana-powered device that generates localized gravitational anomalies—used for defensive barriers, asteroid mining, and as a propulsion assist for spacecraft.", "zh": "一种灵力驱动的装置，能产生局部引力异常——用于防御屏障、小行星采矿和作为航天器推进辅助。", "id": "Perangkat bertenaga mana yang menghasilkan anomali gravitasi lokal—digunakan untuk penghalang defensif, penambangan asteroid, dan sebagai bantuan propulsi untuk pesawat ruang angkasa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "gravity", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/gravity-well"}, {"id": "mana-crystal", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Crystal", "zh": "灵力水晶", "id": "Kristal Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A naturally occurring or synthetically grown crystal that stores and amplifies spiritual energy—used as a power source, data storage medium, and spiritual focus, essential to the mana-based technologies of the archipelago.", "zh": "一种天然形成或人工合成的晶体，能够储存和放大灵性能量——用作能源、数据存储介质和灵性聚焦器，是群岛灵力技术的基础。", "id": "Kristal yang terjadi secara alami atau tumbuh secara sintetis yang menyimpan dan memperkuat energi spiritual—digunakan sebagai sumber daya, media penyimpanan data, dan fokus spiritual, penting bagi teknologi berbasis mana di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 3, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "crystal", "mana", "energy", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-crystal"}, {"id": "mana-fusion-core", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Fusion Core", "zh": "灵力聚变核心", "id": "Inti Fusi Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A compact, high-density power source that combines mana energy with fusion technology—developed during the Integration Era, it became the primary energy source for starships, orbital stations, and advanced psionic devices.", "zh": "一种结合灵能与聚变技术的紧凑高密度能源——在融合时代发展，成为星舰、轨道站和先进灵能设备的主要能源。", "id": "Sumber daya kompak berdensitas tinggi yang menggabungkan energi mana dengan teknologi fusi—dikembangkan selama Era Integrasi, menjadi sumber energi utama untuk kapal bintang, stasiun orbital, dan perangkat psionik canggih."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "energy", "fusion", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-fusion-core"}, {"id": "mana-grid", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Grid", "zh": "灵力网格", "id": "Jaringan Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A planetary-scale energy distribution network that channels mana from reactors and natural sources to cities, colonies, and infrastructure—the technological backbone of the Archipelago Federation.", "zh": "一个将灵力从反应堆和自然源输送到城市、殖民地和基础设施的行星级能源分配网络——群岛联邦的技术支柱。", "id": "Jaringan distribusi energi skala planet yang menyalurkan mana dari reaktor dan sumber alam ke kota, koloni, dan infrastruktur—tulang punggung teknologi Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "energy", "mana", "grid", "psionic-tech", "federation"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-grid"}, {"id": "mana-harvester", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Harvester", "zh": "灵力采集器", "id": "Pemanen Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A mobile platform designed to extract mana from natural sources—drilling into the earth's spiritual veins and drawing energy from sacred sites, revolutionizing energy collection but also causing ecological and spiritual damage.", "zh": "一种设计用于从自然源头提取灵能的移动平台——钻入地球的灵脉并从圣地汲取能量，革新了能量收集方式，但也造成了生态和灵性破坏。", "id": "Platform bergerak yang dirancang untuk mengekstraksi mana dari sumber alam—mengebor ke dalam pembuluh spiritual bumi dan menarik energi dari situs-situs suci, merevolusi pengumpulan energi tetapi juga menyebabkan kerusakan ekologis dan spiritual."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "energy", "harvester", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-harvester"}, {"id": "mana-reactor", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Reactor", "zh": "灵力反应堆", "id": "Reaktor Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A next-generation energy source that converts raw spiritual energy into usable power—developed during the Integration Era, mana reactors became the backbone of the Archipelago Federation's energy infrastructure.", "zh": "将原始灵性能量转化为可用电力的下一代能源——在融合时代发展，灵力反应堆成为群岛联邦能源基础设施的支柱。", "id": "Sumber energi generasi berikutnya yang mengubah energi spiritual mentah menjadi daya yang dapat digunakan—dikembangkan selama Era Integrasi, reaktor mana menjadi tulang punggung infrastruktur energi Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 5, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "energy", "mana", "reactor", "psionic-tech", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-reactor"}, {"id": "mana-shield", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Shield", "zh": "灵力护盾", "id": "Perisai Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A defensive energy barrier generated by spiritual energy—capable of deflecting physical, spiritual, and psionic attacks, widely used for personal defense, vehicle protection, and city-scale fortifications.", "zh": "由灵性能量生成的防御性能量屏障——能够偏转物理、灵性和灵能攻击，广泛用于个人防御、车辆保护和城市级防御工事。", "id": "Penghalang energi defensif yang dihasilkan oleh energi spiritual—mampu membelokkan serangan fisik, spiritual, dan psionik, digunakan secara luas untuk pertahanan pribadi, perlindungan kendaraan, dan benteng skala kota."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "defense", "shield", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-shield"}, {"id": "mana-storm", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Storm", "zh": "灵力风暴", "id": "Badai Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A catastrophic meteorological phenomenon caused by the destabilization of mana flows—capable of devastating landscapes, disrupting technology, and altering the spiritual geography of affected regions.", "zh": "由灵力流动失稳引起的灾难性气象现象——能够摧毁地貌、破坏技术并改变受影响地区的灵性地理。", "id": "Fenomena meteorologi bencana yang disebabkan oleh destabilisasi aliran mana—mampu menghancurkan lanskap, mengganggu teknologi, dan mengubah geografi spiritual wilayah yang terkena dampak."}, "darklines": ["mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "storm", "mana", "disaster", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-storm"}, {"id": "mana-suit", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Suit", "zh": "灵力战斗服", "id": "Setelan Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A full-body suit woven with mana-conductive fibers—enhances physical strength, speed, and resilience while providing integrated psionic amplification for the wearer's spiritual abilities.", "zh": "一种由灵力传导纤维编织的全身体战斗服——增强身体力量、速度和韧性，同时为穿戴者的灵性能力提供集成的灵能增幅。", "id": "Setelan seluruh tubuh yang ditenun dengan serat konduktif mana—meningkatkan kekuatan fisik, kecepatan, dan ketahanan sambil memberikan amplifikasi psionik terintegrasi untuk kemampuan spiritual pemakainya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "suit", "armor", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-suit"}, {"id": "mana-sword", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Sword", "zh": "灵能剑", "id": "Pedang Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "A blade forged from crystallized mana that can cut through both physical matter and spiritual barriers—a weapon of precision and power, favored by elite warriors and spiritual guardians of the Archipelago Federation.", "zh": "一种由结晶灵力锻造的剑刃，能够斩断物理物质和灵性屏障——一种精准而强大的武器，深受群岛联邦精英战士和灵性守护者的青睐。", "id": "Bilah yang ditempa dari mana mengkristal yang dapat menembus materi fisik dan penghalang spiritual—senjata presisi dan kekuatan, disukai oleh prajurit elit dan penjaga spiritual Federasi Nusantara."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "weapon", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-sword"}, {"id": "mana-tech", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "technology", "name": {"en": "Mana-Tech", "zh": "灵能科技", "id": "Teknologi Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "The fusion of spiritual energy (mana) and technology — devices, networks, and systems powered by the mana flow, built on the principles of the Nusantara worldview.", "zh": "灵性能量（灵力）与技术的融合——由灵力驱动的设备、网络和系统，建立在努山塔拉世界观的原则之上。", "id": "Perpaduan energi spiritual (mana) dan teknologi — perangkat, jaringan, dan sistem yang ditenagai oleh aliran mana, dibangun di atas prinsip-prinsip pandangan dunia Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse"], "indegree": 38, "tags": ["scifi", "technology", "mana", "psionic", "energy-tech", "dark-line-2"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-tech"}, {"id": "mana-weapons", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Mana Weapons", "zh": "灵力武器", "id": "Senjata Mana"}, "summary": {"en": "Advanced weaponry powered by spiritual energy—ranging from personal sidearms to ship-mounted cannons, developed during the Awakening Era and refined through the Integration and Convergence eras.", "zh": "由灵性能量驱动的先进武器——从个人随身武器到舰载火炮，在觉醒时代发展并在融合与归一时代得到精炼。", "id": "Persenjataan canggih yang ditenagai oleh energi spiritual—mulai dari senjata pribadi hingga meriam yang dipasang di kapal, dikembangkan selama Era Kebangkitan dan disempurnakan melalui era Integrasi dan Konvergensi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "weapon", "mana", "psionic-tech", "military"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/mana-weapons"}, {"id": "neural-link", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Neural Link", "zh": "神经链接", "id": "Tautan Neural"}, "summary": {"en": "A direct brain-to-machine interface that allows users to control technology through thought—developed during the Integration Era, enabling seamless interaction between human consciousness and mana-powered systems.", "zh": "一种允许用户通过思想控制技术的直接脑机接口——在融合时代发展，实现了人类意识与灵力系统之间的无缝交互。", "id": "Antarmuka otak-ke-mesin langsung yang memungkinkan pengguna mengendalikan teknologi melalui pikiran—dikembangkan selama Era Integrasi, memungkinkan interaksi mulus antara kesadaran manusia dan sistem bertenaga mana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "neural", "brain-interface", "psionic-tech", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/neural-link"}, {"id": "psi-amplifier", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Amplifier", "zh": "灵能增幅器", "id": "Amplifier Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A device that enhances a user's natural spiritual energy output—allowing individuals to perform feats of psionic power far beyond their normal capabilities, developed during the Integration Era.", "zh": "一种增强用户自然灵性能量输出的装置——使个体能够发挥远超其正常能力的灵能壮举，在融合时代发展。", "id": "Perangkat yang meningkatkan output energi spiritual alami pengguna—memungkinkan individu melakukan prestasi kekuatan psionik jauh melampaui kemampuan normal mereka, dikembangkan selama Era Integrasi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "amplifier", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech", "integration-era"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-amplifier"}, {"id": "psi-array", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Array", "zh": "灵能阵列", "id": "Array Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A synchronized network of multiple psi-amplifiers working in concert—enabling collective psionic feats far beyond individual capabilities, used for planetary-scale scanning, defense systems, and joint research projects.", "zh": "多个灵能增幅器协同工作的同步网络——实现远超个体能力的集体灵能壮举，用于行星级扫描、防御系统和联合研究项目。", "id": "Jaringan tersinkronisasi dari beberapa amplifier psi yang bekerja bersama—memungkinkan prestasi psionik kolektif yang jauh melampaui kemampuan individu, digunakan untuk pemindaian skala planet, sistem pertahanan, dan proyek penelitian bersama."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "psionic-tech", "array", "network", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-array"}, {"id": "psi-beacon", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Beacon", "zh": "灵能信标", "id": "Suar Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A long-range psionic communication relay that amplifies and transmits spiritual signals across vast distances—used for interplanetary communication and as a navigation aid for spacecraft.", "zh": "一种远程灵能通信中继站，能够放大和传输灵性信号——用于星际通信和航天器导航辅助。", "id": "Relai komunikasi psionik jarak jauh yang memperkuat dan mengirimkan sinyal spiritual dalam jarak yang sangat jauh—digunakan untuk komunikasi antarplanet dan sebagai bantuan navigasi untuk pesawat ruang angkasa."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "beacon", "psionic-tech", "communication", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-beacon"}, {"id": "psi-communicators", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Communicators", "zh": "灵能通讯器", "id": "Komunikator Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "Devices that enable telepathic communication over vast distances—using mana-enhanced technology, these communicators allow users to transmit thoughts, emotions, and images across the archipelago and beyond.", "zh": "能够在远距离实现心灵感应的设备——利用灵力增强技术，这些通讯器允许用户跨群岛及更远距离传输思想、情感和图像。", "id": "Perangkat yang memungkinkan komunikasi telepati dalam jarak jauh—menggunakan teknologi yang ditingkatkan mana, komunikator ini memungkinkan pengguna mengirimkan pikiran, emosi, dan gambar melintasi Nusantara dan sekitarnya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 6, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "communication", "telepathy", "mana-tech", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-communicators"}, {"id": "psi-drone", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Drone", "zh": "灵能无人机", "id": "Drone Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "An autonomous aerial vehicle controlled through psionic commands—used for reconnaissance, surveillance, and delivery, capable of operating in environments where conventional electronics fail due to mana interference.", "zh": "一种通过灵能指令控制的自主空中飞行器——用于侦察、监视和运输，能够在常规电子设备因灵力干扰而失效的环境中运行。", "id": "Kendaraan udara otonom yang dikendalikan melalui perintah psionik—digunakan untuk pengintaian, pengawasan, dan pengiriman, mampu beroperasi di lingkungan di mana elektronik konvensional gagal karena interferensi mana."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "drone", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-drone"}, {"id": "psi-engine", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Engine", "zh": "灵能引擎", "id": "Mesin Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A propulsion system that converts psionic energy directly into thrust—powering spacecraft, airships, and deep-sea vessels with unparalleled efficiency and speed.", "zh": "一种将灵能直接转化为推力的推进系统——以无与伦比的效率和速度为航天器、飞艇和深海船只提供动力。", "id": "Sistem propulsi yang mengubah energi psionik langsung menjadi dorongan—menggerakkan pesawat ruang angkasa, kapal udara, dan kapal laut dalam dengan efisiensi dan kecepatan yang tak tertandingi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "engine", "propulsion", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-engine"}, {"id": "psi-scanner", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Scanner", "zh": "灵能扫描仪", "id": "Pemindai Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A detection device that measures spiritual energy signatures and identifies the presence of mana-based phenomena—developed during the Integration Era, essential for security, research, and environmental monitoring.", "zh": "一种检测灵性能量特征并识别灵力现象的探测设备——在融合时代发展，对安全、研究和环境监测至关重要。", "id": "Perangkat deteksi yang mengukur tanda energi spiritual dan mengidentifikasi keberadaan fenomena berbasis mana—dikembangkan selama Era Integrasi, penting untuk keamanan, penelitian, dan pemantauan lingkungan."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "scanner", "mana", "detection", "psionic-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-scanner"}, {"id": "psi-shield", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psi-Shield", "zh": "灵能护盾", "id": "Perisai Psi"}, "summary": {"en": "A personal defensive device that projects a psionic barrier around the user—offering protection against physical, spiritual, and psionic attacks, standard-issue for Federation security forces.", "zh": "一种在用户周围投射灵能屏障的个人防御装置——提供对物理、灵性和灵能攻击的保护，是联邦安全部队的标准装备。", "id": "Perangkat pertahanan pribadi yang memproyeksikan penghalang psionik di sekitar pengguna—memberikan perlindungan terhadap serangan fisik, spiritual, dan psionik, perlengkapan standar untuk pasukan keamanan Federasi."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "defense", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psi-shield"}, {"id": "psionic-tech", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Psionic Technology", "zh": "灵能科技", "id": "Teknologi Psionik"}, "summary": {"en": "Technology that harnesses spiritual energy as a power source, replacing fossil fuels.", "zh": "以灵力为能源的全新技术体系，取代化石燃料。", "id": "Teknologi yang memanfaatkan energi spiritual sebagai sumber daya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 27, "tags": ["scifi", "psionic-tech", "spiritual-energy", "technology", "innovation"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/psionic-tech"}, {"id": "realm-bridge", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Realm Bridge", "zh": "界桥", "id": "Jembatan Alam"}, "summary": {"en": "A psionic-engineered gateway that allows controlled passage between the Three Realms and the hidden Fourth Realm—representing the pinnacle of mana-tech development, it is both a scientific achievement and a spiritual threshold that challenges the boundaries of existence.", "zh": "一座灵能工程制造的门户，允许在三界与隐藏的第四界之间进行受控穿行——代表灵力技术发展的巅峰，它既是科学成就，也是挑战存在边界的灵性门槛。", "id": "Gerbang rekayasa psionik yang memungkinkan perjalanan terkendali antara Tiga Alam dan Alam Keempat yang tersembunyi—mewakili puncak pengembangan mana-tech, ia adalah pencapaian ilmiah sekaligus ambang spiritual yang menantang batas-batas keberadaan."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "mana-curse", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 2, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "gateway", "psionic-tech", "mana-tech", "portal", "convergence", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/realm-bridge"}, {"id": "teleport-gate", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "Teleport Gate", "zh": "传送门", "id": "Gerbang Teleportasi"}, "summary": {"en": "A transportation system that uses mana-based quantum entanglement to instantaneously move matter between two points—developed during the Convergence Era, connecting islands, space stations, and colonies across the solar system.", "zh": "一种利用灵力量子纠缠在两点之间即时传输物质的交通系统——在归一时代发展，连接岛屿、空间站和太阳系各地的殖民地。", "id": "Sistem transportasi yang menggunakan keterikatan kuantum berbasis mana untuk memindahkan materi secara instan antara dua titik—dikembangkan selama Era Konvergensi, menghubungkan pulau, stasiun luar angkasa, dan koloni di seluruh tata surya."}, "darklines": [], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "teleport", "gate", "transport", "psionic-tech", "convergence"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/teleport-gate"}, {"id": "the-ark-project", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "scifi", "name": {"en": "The Ark Project", "zh": "方舟计划", "id": "Proyek Bahtera"}, "summary": {"en": "A massive initiative launched during the Expansion Era to preserve Earth's biodiversity and human civilization against existential threats—including genome banks, seed vaults, and self-sustaining orbital habitats.", "zh": "扩张时代启动的一项大规模计划，旨在保护地球的生物多样性和人类文明免受生存威胁——包括基因组库、种子库和自给自足的轨道栖息地。", "id": "Inisiatif besar yang diluncurkan selama Era Ekspansi untuk melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati dan peradaban manusia Bumi terhadap ancaman eksistensial—termasuk bank genom, penyimpanan benih, dan habitat orbital mandiri."}, "darklines": ["the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 0, "tags": ["scifi", "future", "event", "ark", "preservation", "expansion-era", "dark-line-1"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/the-ark-project"}, {"id": "whoosh high-speed rail", "module": "06_scifi-fantasy", "type": "infrastructure", "name": {"en": "Whoosh High-Speed Rail", "zh": "雅万高铁", "id": "Kereta Cepat Whoosh"}, "summary": {"en": "Southeast Asia's first high-speed railway — a 142-kilometer line connecting Jakarta and Bandung, completed in 2023 with a top speed of 350 km/h, representing the dawn of a new era of connectivity in the archipelago.", "zh": "东南亚第一条高速铁路——一条连接雅加达和万隆的142公里线路，2023年建成，最高时速350公里，标志着群岛互联互通新时代的黎明。", "id": "Jalur kereta api berkecepatan tinggi pertama di Asia Tenggara — jalur sepanjang 142 kilometer yang menghubungkan Jakarta dan Bandung, selesai dibangun pada tahun 2023 dengan kecepatan puncak 350 km/jam, mewakili fajar era baru konektivitas di Nusantara."}, "darklines": ["210-day-contract", "the-forth-realm"], "indegree": 1, "tags": ["infrastructure", "high-speed-rail", "whoosh", "jakarta", "bandung", "connectivity", "future", "dark-line-3"], "url": "./library/06_scifi-fantasy/psionic-tech/whoosh-high-speed-rail"}], "links": [{"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "agung"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "future-timeline"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "gatotkaca"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "independence-declaration"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "japanese-occupation"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "java"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "krakatoa"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "mataram-kingdom"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "mount-agung"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "panji"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "210-day-contract", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "figures-overview"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "new-order"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "pancasila"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "pramoedya-ananta-toer"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "suharto"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "30-september-movement", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, 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{"source": "banda-islands", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "banda-islands"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "dutch-east-indies"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "genocide"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "jan-pieterszoon-coen"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "plantation-system"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "voc"}, {"source": "banda-massacre", "target": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars"}, {"source": "banda-sea", "target": "buru"}, {"source": "banda-sea", "target": "ceram-sea"}, {"source": "banda-sea", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": "bandung"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": "bogor"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bandrek", "target": 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{"source": "banjarmasin", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "banjarmasin", "target": "south-kalimantan"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "banten"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "banten-sultanate"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "sunda-strait"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bantam-sultanate", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "bantam-war", "target": "banten"}, {"source": "bantam-war", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "bantam-war", "target": 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{"source": "banten", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "banten", "target": "sunda-strait"}, {"source": "banten", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "banten", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "banten", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "java"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "pajajaran-kingdom"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "portuguese-indonesia"}, {"source": "banten-sultanate", "target": "sunda-strait"}, {"source": "banyuwangi", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "banyuwangi", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "banyuwangi", "target": "ijen"}, {"source": "banyuwangi", "target": "java"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "aceh"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "gunung-leuser-np"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "kerinci-seblat-np"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "barisan-mountains", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "banjar-culture"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "banjar-people"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "banjar-sultanate"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "banjar-war"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "banjarmasin"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "dayak-culture"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "dayak-people"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "java-sea"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "kaharingan"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "south-kalimantan"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "barito-river", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "calon-arang"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "naga"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "barong", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "denpasar"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "tari-topeng"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "barong bali", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "mythological-creatures"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "tari-kecak"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "barong landung", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "balinese-culture"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "barong bali"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "barong landung"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "calon-arang"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "denpasar"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "barong-bali", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batak-people", "target": "indonesian-ethnic-overview"}, {"source": "batak-people", "target": "north-sumatra"}, {"source": "batak-people", "target": "sisingamangaraja"}, {"source": "batak-people", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "batam", "target": "bintan"}, {"source": "batam", "target": "singapore"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "new-order-indonesia"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "reformasi-indonesia"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "repelita-development"}, {"source": "batang industrial park", "target": "suharto"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "barisan-mountains"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "jambi"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "jambi-sultanate"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "srivijaya"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "batanghari-river", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "agung"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "hayam-wuruk"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "krakatoa"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "mount-agung"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "sailendra-dynasty"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "sanjaya-dynasty"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "trowulan"}, {"source": "batara-guru", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "agung"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "antaboga"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "bedawang"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "calon-arang"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "nyai-loro-kidul"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "sang-hyang-tunggal"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "setesuyara"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batara-kala", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "jan-pieterszoon-coen"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "batavia", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "batik"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "surakarta-sunanate"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "batik parang", "target": "yogyakarta sultanate"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "batik"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "java"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "surakarta"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "batik-parang", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "battle of batee Iliek", "target": "aceh-war"}, {"source": "battle of batee Iliek", "target": "fall-of-aceh"}, {"source": "battle of batee Iliek", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "battle of batee Iliek", "target": "teuku-umar-rebellion"}, {"source": "battle of samalanga", "target": "aceh-war"}, {"source": "battle of samalanga", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "battle of samalanga", "target": "second-aceh-expedition"}, {"source": "battle-of-ambarawa", "target": "battle-of-surabaya"}, {"source": "battle-of-ambarawa", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "battle-of-ambarawa", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "battle-of-ambarawa", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "battle-of-ambarawa", "target": "sudirman"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "aceh"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "aceh-sultanate"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "aceh-war-1873"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "acehnese-culture"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "banda-aceh"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "cut-nyak-dhien"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "jhr-kohler"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "jihad"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "teuku-umar"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "battle-of-batee-iliek", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "general-offensive-march-1949"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "magelang"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "second-dutch-aggression"}, {"source": "battle-of-magelang", "target": "sudirman"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "bung tomo"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "proclamation-of-independence"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "battle-of-surabaya", "target": "timeline"}, {"source": "batur", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "buton-culture"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "buton-island"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "buton-sultanate"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "makassar"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bau-bau", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bawang merah bawang putih", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "indonesian-literature"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bawang-merah-bawang-putih", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "asean founding"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "bandung-conference"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "konfrontasi-malaysia"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "mohammad hatta"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "non-aligned-movement"}, {"source": "bebas aktif foreign policy", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "asean founding"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "bandung-conference"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "konfrontasi-malaysia"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "mohammad hatta"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "non-aligned-movement"}, {"source": "bebas-aktif-foreign-policy", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "agung"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "antaboga"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "cosmic-origin"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "java-trench"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "krakatoa"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "nusantara"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "sang-hyang-tunggal"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bedawang", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "belitung", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "belitung island", "target": "bangka-island"}, {"source": "belitung island", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "belitung island", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "belitung island", "target": "java-sea"}, {"source": "belitung island", "target": "south-china-sea"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "bangka-island"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "java-sea"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "belitung-island", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "surakarta"}, {"source": "bengawan-solo", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "balinese-culture"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "brahma"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "hinduism-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "tri-hita-karana"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "trimurti"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "vishnu"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "bhakti", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "Greater Indonesia"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "Indianization of Indonesia"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "gajah-mada"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "greater-indonesia"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "hayam-wuruk"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "independence-declaration"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "indonesian-language"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "konfrontasi"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "malaysia"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "muhammad-yamin"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "pancasila"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "singapore"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "sutasoma"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "arjuna"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "krishna"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bhishma", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "arjuna"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "gatotkaca"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "karna"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "kurawa"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bima", "target": "pandawa"}, {"source": 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"hatta"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "indonesian-constitution"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "indonesian-independence"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "japanese-occupation"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "pancasila"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "radjiman-wedyodiningrat"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bpupki", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "hinduism-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "java"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "prambanan"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "brahma", "target": "vishnu"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "bengawan-solo"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "java"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "kediri-kingdom"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "mount-semeru"}, {"source": "brantas river", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "bengawan-solo"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "dewi-sri"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "java"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "java-sea"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "kahuripan-kingdom"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "kediri-kingdom"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "mount-semeru"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "singhasari-kingdom"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "brantas-river", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "british-colonialism"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "british-east-india-company"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "java"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "stanford-raffles"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "british colonialism", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "british-east-india-company"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "colonial-economy"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "java"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "stanford-raffles"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "british-colonialism", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "british-colonialism"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "java"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "malacca"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "stanford-raffles"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "british-east-india-company", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bromo", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "bromo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bromo", "target": "semeru"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "faxian"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "indianization-of-indonesia"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "nagarakretagama"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "ramayana"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "sailendra-dynasty"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "sanskrit"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "sri-lanka"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "srivijaya"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "buddhism-in-indonesia", "target": "yijing"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "ethical-policy"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "indonesian-national-awakening"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "budi-utomo", "target": "youth-pledge"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "bugis-people"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "clove-trade"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "gowa-sultanate"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "makassar"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "makassar-war"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "nutmeg-trade"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "pepper-trade"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "bugis maritime trade", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "bugis-people"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "makassar"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "malacca"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "pinisi"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bugis-maritime-trade", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bugis-people", "target": "indonesian-ethnic-overview"}, {"source": "bugis-people", "target": "makassar"}, {"source": "bugis-people", "target": "south-sulawesi"}, {"source": "bugis-people", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "barisan-mountains"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "sumatran-elephant"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "sumatran-tiger"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bukit barisan selatan national park", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "barisan-mountains"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "sumatran-elephant"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "sumatran-tiger"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bukit-barisan-selatan-np", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "minangkabau-people"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "nasi-padang"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "padang"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "padri-war"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "rendang"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "tuanku-imam-bonjol"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "west-sumatra"}, {"source": "bukittinggi", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "bunaken", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "makassar-strait"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "north-sulawesi"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bunaken national park", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "manado"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "north-sulawesi"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bunaken-np", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "battle-of-surabaya"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "indonesian-independence"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "indonesian-national-awakening"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "national-heroes"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "bung tomo", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "buru", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "ambon-island"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "banda-sea"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "buru-quartet"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "indonesian-literature"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "buru-island", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "buru-island", 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{"source": "gunung-leuser-np", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "balinese-people"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "denpasar"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "japanese-occupation"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "proclamation-of-independence"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "gusti ngurah rai", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "habibie", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "habibie", "target": 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{"source": "komodo-np", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "Greater Indonesia"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "bandung-conference"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "borneo"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "greater-indonesia"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "malaysia"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "non-aligned-movement"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "singapore"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "konfrontasi", "target": "united-nations"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "indonesia-withdrawal-from-un"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "malaysia"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "suharto"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "konfrontasi malaysia", "target": "west-iran-dispute"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "asean"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "malaysia"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "maphilindo"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "suharto"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "konfrontasi-malaysia", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "agung"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "java"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "krakatoa", "target": "mount-agung"}, {"source": "krakatoa", 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{"source": "krishna", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "krishna", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "krishna", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "krishna", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "krishna", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "krishna", "target": "yudhishthira"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "java"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "portuguese-colonial"}, {"source": "kroncong-music", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "Jahe"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "aceh"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "aceh-sultanate"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "acehnese-culture"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "acehnese-people"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "banda-aceh"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "coconut-milk"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "gulai"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "indonesian-cuisine"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "indonesian-culture-overview"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "iskandar-muda"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "kunyit"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "lengkuas"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "mie-aceh"}, {"source": "kuah-beulangong", "target": "rendang"}, {"source": 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{"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "mythological-creatures"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "kuntilanak", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "jamu-traditional-medicine"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "java"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "nasi-tumpeng"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "panca-mahabhuta"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "soto"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "soto-lamongan"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "soto-padang"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "kunyit", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "kupang", "target": "timor"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "duryodhana"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "javanese-mythology"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "kurawa", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "east-kalimantan"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "kutai-kartanegara", "target": 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"target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "java"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "medan"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "lapis legit", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "ngaben"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "larung session", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "batik"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "chinese-indonesians"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "java"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "lasem", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "leak", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "leak", "target": "barong-bali"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "barong-bali"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "leak balinese", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "babi-ngepet"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "balinese-healing"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "balinese-people"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "calon-arang"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "dukun-shaman"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "genderuwo"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "kuntilanak"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "pocong"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "tuyul"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "wewe-gombel"}, {"source": "leak-balinese", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "legend of tangkuban perahu", "target": "java"}, {"source": "legend of tangkuban perahu", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "legend of tangkuban perahu", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "legend of tangkuban perahu", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "target": "sangkuriang"}, {"source": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "target": "sundanese-people"}, {"source": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "Malacca Sultanate"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "demak-sultanate"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "greater-indonesia"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "mataram-kingdom"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "nusantara"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "samudra-pasai"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "srivijaya"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "legendary-kingdoms", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": "java"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "lengkuas", "target": 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{"source": "limasan", "target": "kejawen"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "pendopo"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "surakarta"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "tajug"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "traditional-village-architecture"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "tri-hita-karana"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "limasan", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "linggadjati-agreement", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "linggadjati-agreement", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "linggadjati-agreement", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "linggadjati-agreement", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "linggadjati-agreement", "target": "independence-declaration"}, {"source": 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{"source": "malang", "target": "kanjuruhan-kingdom"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "mount-bromo"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "mount-semeru"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "singhasari-kingdom"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "malang", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "new-order-indonesia"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "petition-of-fifty"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "reformasi-indonesia"}, {"source": "malari-incident", "target": "suharto"}, {"source": "malay-people", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "malay-people", 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{"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "minahasa"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "north-sulawesi"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "raden-kartini"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "rasuna-said"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "maria walanda maramis", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "maritime-southeast-asia", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "maritime-southeast-asia", "target": "banda-sea"}, {"source": "maritime-southeast-asia", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "maritime-southeast-asia", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": 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{"source": "mataram", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "mataram", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "mataram", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "mataram-city", "target": "lombok"}, {"source": "mataram-city", "target": "mount rinjani"}, {"source": "mataram-kingdom", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "mataram-kingdom", "target": "java"}, {"source": "mataram-kingdom", "target": "merapi"}, {"source": "mataram-kingdom", "target": "prambanan"}, {"source": "mataram-kingdom", "target": "singhasari"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "lombok"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "sasak-people"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "mataram-lombok", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "demak-sultanate"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "java"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "sultan-agung"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "mataram-sultanate", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "medan", "target": "north-sumatra"}, {"source": "medan", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": "borobudur"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": "ishana-dynasty"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": "java"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": "kediri-kingdom"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": "prambanan"}, {"source": "medang-kingdom", "target": 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{"source": "melukat", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "ngaben"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "ogoh-ogoh"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "perang-pandan"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "tirtha"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "tri-hita-karana"}, {"source": "melukat", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "bugis-people"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "malay-people"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "pepper-trade"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "pontianak-sultanate"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "sambas-sultanate"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "mempawah Kingdom", "target": "west-kalimantan"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "malay-people"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "pontianak"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "mempawah-kingdom", "target": 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{"source": "obi-islands", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "ocean-cities", "target": "deep-sea-colonies"}, {"source": "ocean-cities", "target": "floating-cities"}, {"source": "ocean-cities", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "ocean-cities", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "ocean-cities", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "balinese-people"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "bhinneka-tunggal-ika"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "denpasar"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "ogoh-ogoh", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": 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{"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "musi-river"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "palembang"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "pepper-trade"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "port of palembang trade", "target": "srivijaya"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "alfonzo-de-albuquerque"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "ambon"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "banda-islands"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": 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"target": "alfonzo-de-albuquerque"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "ambon"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "banda-islands"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "colonial-era"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "malacca"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "portuguese-east-indies"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "ternate"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "portuguese-colonial-era", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "alfonzo-de-albuquerque"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "ambon"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "banda-islands"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "colonial-era"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": "flores"}, {"source": "portuguese-east-indies", "target": 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Sultanate"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "alfonzo-de-albuquerque"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "ambon"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "dutch-east-indies"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "malacca"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "nusantara"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "ternate"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "ternate-sultanate"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "tidore-sultanate"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "voc"}, {"source": "portuguese-in-indonesia", "target": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars"}, {"source": "portuguese-indonesia", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "portuguese-indonesia", "target": 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{"source": "pramoedya-ananta-toer", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "pramoedya-ananta-toer", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "borneo"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "kapuas-river"}, {"source": "proboscis monkey", "target": "proboscis-monkey"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "borneo"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "central-kalimantan"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "dayak-culture"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "dayak-people"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "east-kalimantan"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "south-kalimantan"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "proboscis-monkey", "target": "west-kalimantan"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "battle-of-surabaya"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "japanese-occupation"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "proclamation-of-independence", "target": "timeline"}, {"source": "psi-amplifier", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "psi-amplifier", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-amplifier", "target": "psi-communicators"}, {"source": "psi-amplifier", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-amplifier", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-array", "target": "convergence"}, {"source": "psi-array", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-array", "target": "psi-amplifier"}, {"source": "psi-array", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-array", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-beacon", "target": "expansion-era"}, {"source": "psi-beacon", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-beacon", "target": "psi-communicators"}, {"source": "psi-beacon", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-beacon", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-communicators", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "psi-communicators", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-communicators", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-communicators", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-drone", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "psi-drone", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-drone", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-drone", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-engine", "target": "expansion-era"}, {"source": "psi-engine", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-engine", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-engine", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-scanner", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "psi-scanner", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-scanner", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-scanner", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "aura-shields"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "convergence"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "mana-shield"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "psionic-tech"}, {"source": "psi-shield", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "psionic-tech", "target": "future-timeline"}, {"source": "puang-matua", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "puang-matua", "target": "aluk-todolo"}, {"source": "puang-matua", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": 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{"source": "sambas", "target": "malay-people"}, {"source": "sambas", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sambas", "target": "sambas-sultanate"}, {"source": "sambas", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "sambas", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sambas", "target": "west-kalimantan"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "borneo"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "bugis-people"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "dayak-people"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "malay-people"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "mempawah-kingdom"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": "pepper-trade"}, {"source": "sambas sultanate", "target": 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{"source": "sanger island", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "sanger island", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sanger island", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "sanger island", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "sanger island", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "sanghyang-dwi-tunggal", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "dewa ayu"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "hyang"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "java"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "sundanese-people"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sangkian", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "java"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "legend-of-tangkuban-perahu"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "mount-tangkuban-perahu"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "sundanese-people"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sangkuriang", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "sanjaya", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sanjaya", "target": "canggal-inscription"}, {"source": "sanjaya", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": 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{"source": "saraswati-indonesia", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "budi-utomo"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "java"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "soetomo"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "surakarta"}, {"source": "sarekat islam", "target": "surjopranoto"}, {"source": "sarekat-islam", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sarekat-islam", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "sarekat-islam", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "sarekat-islam", "target": 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{"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "ngaben"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "rambu-solo"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "tari-kecak"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "spiritual healing rituals", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "cosmic-origin"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "diponegoro-war"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "java-war"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "nature-force"}, {"source": "spiritual-energy", "target": "shamanism"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "balinese-healing"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "balinese-people"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "dukun-shaman"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "jamu-traditional-medicine"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "javanese-mysticism"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "kejawen"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "melukat"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "ruwatan"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "spiritual-healing-rituals", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": 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{"source": "srikandi", "target": "arjuna"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "barong"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "bhishma"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "candra-kirana"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "gajah mada"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "gatotkaca"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "java"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "kalimantan"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "kediri"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "kurawa"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "mahabharata"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "pandawa"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "panji"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "rangda"}, {"source": "srikandi", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "srikandi", 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{"source": "sudirman-range", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "sudirman-range", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "aceh-sultanate"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "acehnese-culture"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "gamelan"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "javanese-mysticism"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "kejawen"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "samudra-pasai"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "semedi"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "sultan-agung"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "suluk-literature"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "sunan-kalijaga"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": "tapa"}, {"source": "sufism", "target": 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{"source": "tata", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "java"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "javanese-architecture"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "javanese-language-levels"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "javanese-philosophy"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "joglo"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "kejawen"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "krama"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "nrimo"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "pendopo"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "rasa"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "selametan"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tata", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tata", "target": 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{"source": "terraformed-islands", "target": "archipelago-federation"}, {"source": "terraformed-islands", "target": "expansion-era"}, {"source": "terraformed-islands", "target": "floating-cities"}, {"source": "terraformed-islands", "target": "integration-era"}, {"source": "terraformed-islands", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "teuku umar's rebellion", "target": "aceh-war"}, {"source": "teuku umar's rebellion", "target": "cut-nyak-dhien"}, {"source": "teuku umar's rebellion", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "teuku umar's rebellion", "target": "teuku-umar"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "aceh"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "aceh-sultanate"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "aceh-war-1873"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "acehnese-culture"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "cut-nyak-dhien"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "teuku-umar", "target": 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{"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "dayak-people"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "figures-overview"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "java"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "lombok"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "singapore"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "ternate"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "timor"}, {"source": "the-malay-archipelago", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "the-reckoning", "target": 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"traditional-markets", "target": "indonesian-culture-overview"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "indonesian-festivals"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "indonesian-handicrafts"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "indonesian-rituals"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "spice-islands"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "spice-route"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "srivijaya"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "traditional-markets", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "traditional-village-architecture", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": 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"treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "gowa-sultanate"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "makassar"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "sultan-hasanuddin"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "treaty-of-bungaya", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "antaboga"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "batara-kala"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "bedawang"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "dewi Sri"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "dewi ratih"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "dewi-ratih"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "dewi-sri"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "nyai-loro-kidul"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "sang-hyang-tunggal"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "setesuyara"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tri-hita-karana", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "antaboga"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "batara-kala"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "bedawang"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "calon-arang"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "dewi-ratih"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "dewi-sri"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "nyai-loro-kidul"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "sang-hyang-tunggal"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "setesuyara"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tri-netra", "target": "verdict-of-severance"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "brahma"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "hinduism-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "java"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "prambanan"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "trimurti", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": 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{"source": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "target": "sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"source": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "target": "sumatran-tiger"}, {"source": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tropical-rainforest-heritage-sumatra", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "java"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "mpu-prapanca"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "nagarakretagama"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "trowulan", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "amangkurat-i"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "amangkurat-ii"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "figures-overview"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "java"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "kartasura"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "madura"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "plered"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "trunajaya", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "amangkurat-i"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "amangkurat-ii"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "java"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "java-war-1741-1743"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "kediri"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "madura"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "makassar-war"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "surabaya"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "timeline"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "trunajaya"}, {"source": "trunajaya-rebellion", "target": "voc"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "amangkurat-i"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "madura-island"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "madurese-people"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "mataram-sultanate"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "trunojoyo", "target": "voc"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "ancestor-worship"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "bali-aga"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "balinese-culture"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "trunyan", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "bonjol"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "minangkabau-people"}, {"source": "tuanku lmam bonjol", "target": "padang"}, {"source": 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"target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tuanku-imam-bonjol", "target": "west-sumatra"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "east-java"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "hyang"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "jenglot"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tumbal-ponorogo", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "Malacca Sultanate"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "hang-jebat"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "hang-tuah"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "islamization-corridor"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "paramesvara"}, {"source": "tun-perak", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "hyang"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "java"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "mythological-creatures"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "tuyul", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "candi-architecture"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "java"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "krakatoa"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "sumatran-rhinoceros"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "ujung-kulon-np", "target": "west-java"}, {"source": "ulos", "target": "batak-people"}, {"source": "ulos", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "ulos", "target": "north-sumatra"}, {"source": "ulos", "target": "sumatra"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "first-dutch-aggression"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "renville-agreement"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "second-dutch-aggression"}, {"source": "un-good-offices-committee", "target": "united-nations"}, {"source": "underwater-cities", "target": "deep-sea-colonies"}, {"source": "underwater-cities", "target": "expansion-era"}, {"source": "underwater-cities", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "underwater-cities", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "underwater-domes", "target": "deep-sea-colonies"}, {"source": "underwater-domes", "target": "expansion-era"}, {"source": "underwater-domes", "target": "mana-tech"}, {"source": "underwater-domes", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "underwater-domes", "target": "underwater-cities"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "independence-declaration"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "indonesian-independence"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "round-table-conference"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "united-nations", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "indonesian-independence"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "round-table-conference"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "united-states-of-indonesia", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "target": "un-good-offices-committee"}, {"source": "us-role-in-indonesian-independence", "target": "united-nations"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "bali-agama-tirtha"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "balinese-healing"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "balinese-people"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "dukun-shaman"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "jamu-traditional-medicine"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "melukat"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "mythology-overview"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "rwa-bhineda"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "sekala-niskala"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "tri-hita-karana"}, {"source": "usada", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "dutch-colonial-era"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "figures-overview"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "java"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "van-imhoff", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "van-mook-plan", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "van-mook-plan", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "van-mook-plan", "target": "renville-agreement"}, {"source": "van-mook-plan", "target": "second-dutch-aggression"}, {"source": "verdict-of-severance", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "verdict-of-severance", "target": "batara-guru"}, {"source": "verdict-of-severance", "target": "gajah-mada"}, {"source": "verdict-of-severance", "target": "hayam-wuruk"}, {"source": "verdict-of-severance", "target": "majapahit"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "bali"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "balinese-hinduism"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "brahma"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "hinduism-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "indra"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "java"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "krishna"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "prambanan"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "shiva"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "trimurti"}, {"source": "vishnu", "target": "wayang-kulit"}, {"source": "voc", "target": "aceh-war"}, {"source": "voc", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "Malacca Strait"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "ambon"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "amboyna-massacre"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "banda-islands"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "banda-massacre"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "batavia"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "british-east-india-company"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "colonial-economy"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "dutch-colonialism"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "dutch-east-india-company"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "dutch-east-indies"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "english-east-india-company"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "genocide"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "jakarta"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "jan-pieterszoon-coen"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "malacca"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "malacca-strait"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "malacca-sultanate"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "maluku"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "nusantara"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "plantation-system"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "portuguese-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "spice-islands"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "spice-trade"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "ternate-sultanate"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "tidore-sultanate"}, {"source": "voc-conquest-and-spice-wars", "target": "voc"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "budi-utomo"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "central-java"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "dutch-colonial"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "hatta"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "historical-structure"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "indonesian-national-revolution"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "ki-hajar-dewantara"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "proclamation-of-independence"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "raden-kartini"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "soetomo"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "sukarno"}, {"source": "wahidin sudirohusodo", "target": "yogyakarta"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "demak-sultanate"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "galungan"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "islam-in-indonesia"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "java"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "nyepi"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "sunan-gunung-jati"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "sunan-kalijaga"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "zheng-he-and-islam"}, {"source": "wali-songo", "target": "zheng-he-expedition"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "alfred-russel-wallace"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "buru-island"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "coral-triangle"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "flores"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "geographical-overview"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "halmahera-island"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "historical-overview"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "komodo"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "komodo-dragon"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "lombok-strait"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "maleo"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "maluku-islands"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "mana-curse"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "sahul-shelf"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "seram-island"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "sulawesi"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "sunda-shelf"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "the-forth-realm"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "three-realms"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "timor-island"}, {"source": "wallacea-biogeography", "target": "worldview-overview"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "210-day-contract"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "cultural-overview"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "javanese-culture"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "javanese-mysticism"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "javanese-people"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "kejawen"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "keris"}, {"source": "warangka", "target": "mana-curse"}, 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